Shangshu, also known as Book, or Classic, is said to have been carefully compiled by Confucius, the holiest of Confucianism, in his later years. It is a textbook used by Confucius to educate students. In Confucianism, Shangshu occupies an extremely important position.
Mencius dared to doubt the books compiled by saints, and this spirit of daring to question authority was very admirable at that time! And Mencius' doubts come from his own independent and meticulous thinking!
Let's think about what Mencius suspected. If King Wu is extremely kind and Zhou Wang is extremely inhuman, then the record of this war should not be the result of bloodshed. Therefore, Mencius said that the record of bloodshed is wrong, and the content of Shangshu is naturally problematic.
Mencius thought carefully and independently when reading the Confucian classic Shangshu, and finally found the problems in Shangshu. Fighting is extremely cruel and should be devastating. There will be no fierce and lasting fighting, so the battle of Makino should not be bloody.
1543, polish astronomer Copernicus published "on the motion of celestial bodies", in which he proposed the Heliocentrism model of the universe.
In the historical period of Copernicus' life, the geocentric theory of the Roman Vatican occupied a dominant position. Copernicus began to doubt the correctness of geocentric theory very early. He proved his point of view through his long-term observation, measurement and data analysis, and discovered Heliocentrism that shocked the world.
At that time, the church was powerful, and Copernicus was afraid of being ruthlessly suppressed by the church. If he publishes Heliocentrism, not only will his theory be overthrown by the church, but he will also lose his life, so Heliocentrism hid in Copernicus' mind for 30 years before he dared to publish it.
Heliocentrism overthrew Aristotle's geocentric theory, that is, shattered God's cosmology of creating human beings, which is the ultimate victory of science for Christian faith! Its influence is great, shocking the world and unparalleled!
It is extremely valuable to dare to question authority bravely, and sometimes you may have to pay a huge price for it!
Copernicus discovered Heliocentrism, and it was 30 years before he dared to publish it. He was afraid of being hurt by the church and fell ill and died in panic.
Bruno, an Italian, was a loyal supporter of Copernicus Heliocentrism. He bravely defended Heliocentrism and boldly spread it throughout Europe.
The influence of Catholicism was amazing in the16th century, and Bruno's spread to Heliocentrism hurt the interests of the church. He was arrested and imprisoned. 1592. Bruno was judged as a "heresy" by the Inquisition and finally burned alive in the Flower Square in Rome.
Books can be divided into natural science and social science according to disciplines.
The content theory of natural science books is always progressing and innovating, so often new theories are produced on the basis of constantly questioning and overthrowing old theories. So there is no doubt that there will be no great progress in natural science now!
The content theory of sociology books will also be updated, but their biggest problem is how to use it accurately and flexibly.
The truth in books is dead, but the correct application of truth in practice is alive!
"A soldier is shaped like water, and the water is shaped to avoid high and low, and the soldier is shaped to avoid reality and attack the virtual. Water flows because of the ground, and soldiers win because of the enemy. Therefore, the soldiers have no constant potential and the water is unpredictable. Being able to win because of the change of the enemy is called God. "
The meaning of this passage is: the method of using soldiers is like water. The law of water flow is to avoid high places and rush to low places. Use the method of fighting to avoid the enemy's strong points and attack the enemy's weak points. The water flow is limited by the terrain, and the winning policy is decided according to the enemy's situation in combat. So there is no fixed way of fighting, just as water has no fixed form; He who can win according to the change of the enemy's situation can fight like a god.
Bai Qi, the first of the four famous generals in the Warring States period, was a general of the State of Qin. On one occasion, the king of Qin won her study. He found that there were no books about war in Tian Lei's study. The king of Qin asked Tian Lei why.
Tian Lei answered the king of Qin, who was familiar with these books when he was young. I was afraid that I misunderstood the meaning in the book, so I collected all the military books and tried to practice them myself. According to the actual situation of leading troops to fight, we can understand the meaning of our ancestors by comparing these letters and bamboo slips. Then hide Sun Tzu's art of war and crack it according to the enemy's situation.
Qin Wang appreciated this very much and decided to reuse Tian Lei in the future.
The battle of Changping was a war between Qin army led by Bai Qi and Zhao Kuo of Zhao in Changping area. This battle was a strategic decisive battle between Qin and Zhao, which lasted for three years, and finally Zhao Kuo was defeated. He led the capture of Changping and killed 450,000 Zhao soldiers. Since then, the six Shandong countries have been unable to resist Qin, and World War I in Tian Lei laid the foundation for Qin to unify the world.
As a result, Zhao Kuo, the general of Zhao, was defeated and killed in World War I, and he gained an eternal joke of "an armchair strategist". He commanded Zhao Jun to fight against Qin Jun, but he insisted on the theoretical content of his father's art of war and could not make flexible battle plans according to the changes of the enemy's situation. He finally failed the country and the people!
Therefore, Tian Lei became the name of "human slaughter" and finally ranked first among the four famous soldiers in the Warring States Period.
How important it is to use the truth in the book correctly and flexibly!
"It is better to believe in books than to have no books". We should learn to think independently, find problems from books, dare to question the truth in books, and use the truth correctly and flexibly in reality.
These are what real scholars should do!