For thousands of years, Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style, as the mainstream of China's calligraphy, has been based on the calligraphy world. Scholars and calligraphers of all ages have taken this as the standard and praised his calligraphy as? Tianmen, Yue Long, where tigers lie in phoenix, has been treasured for generations and always thought it was training? .
Keywords: Wang Xizhi's achievements in calligraphy art
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were frequent wars and divisions, great social turmoil and great changes. The weakening of Confucianism, the introduction of Buddhism and the rise of metaphysics have promoted the prosperity of learning, literature and art, and the art of calligraphy has also developed unprecedentedly. Wang Xizhi is a superstar who rose high in this period.
For thousands of years, Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style, as the mainstream of China's calligraphy, has been based on the calligraphy world. Scholars and calligraphers of all ages have taken this as the standard and praised his calligraphy as? Dragons jump into the sky, tigers lie in the phoenix, so they are treasured from generation to generation and always want to train? .
In the art history of China and even the world, few artists can cross such a huge time and space and still have such great charm. With the development of the times, people constantly give new meaning to Wang Xizhi's calligraphy art, and keep China's calligraphy art, the soul of oriental art, youthful forever.
Change the past and control the present.
Wang Xizhi died from the age of five or six to fifty-nine, and spent most of his life practicing and studying calligraphy. When I was a teenager, I studied under a famous teacher. When I am an adult, I will learn from others, turn the past into the present and become my own family. Transformation? .
Wang Xizhi's achievements in calligraphy have been evaluated in his time. His works in his prime were praised by Yu Yi, who was as famous as him at that time. If you are a god, do you still have old ideas? . In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yang Xin said: Wang Xizhi? He Li, who is particularly good at grass group method? , its calligraphy is? Ancient and modern Moore? . What does it say here? Grass? , is Cao Zhang and Cao Jin; ? Transfer? It's a real book, or an official book, or a regular script. Based on the book reviews of past dynasties, Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style is magical, ever-changing, unique and at its peak, namely regular script, running script and cursive script (now grass).
Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, the three bodies of Qi, Xing and Cao have gradually evolved. The direction of evolution is to simplify the complex and tend to be fast and practical. The way of evolution is the efforts of folk craftsmen, official calligraphers, dignitaries and Confucian scholars, which have been tempered and sublimated by outstanding calligraphers of Gaomen clan, influenced each other and merged into the mainstream. Wang Xizhi is a typical representative of these excellent calligraphers.
Regular script, or regular script and original script, is a kind of writing formed in the evolution of official script. In Han bamboo slips, the embryonic form has been seen. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, official script prevailed, while regular script was only popular among the people. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty, due to the processing and refining of literati and officialdom, it was different from official script and became a fashionable style.
Wang Xizhi's regular script? Are they all ancient? , has made a positive contribution to the stereotypes of modern regular script. Wang Xizhi's regular script, with regular script? Are they all ancient? , should be relative to Zhong You's regular script style.
Zhong You's regular script also has a strong sense of official script, especially the official script in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of Han Dynasty, which is very obvious in his regular script. However, this flying brush gesture disappeared in Wang Xizhi's regular script and was replaced by a regular and symmetrical brush gesture.
As a kind of regular script that has begun to take shape, Zhong You's regular script has some long and irregular strokes, while others are temporary and appropriate. Within a word, the structural relationship between strokes is not clear. So the standard is incomplete, the combination is loose, the vertical is short and the horizontal is long, and it looks like a flat plum, which has the potential of transverse tension. This situation has been greatly improved in Wang Xizhi's regular script. Wang Shu extended the vertical pen downward, using it straight and restrained, and other stippling echoed symmetrically, showing the trend of vertical exhibition.
Wang Xizhi's brushwork changed the beginning and end of the official brushwork of Zhong Shu. At the beginning of the brushwork, there was a disappointment, mostly because Fang Bi entered the paper; The pen collection place does not intentionally fold the pen and press it again, but gently lifts the tape back; In terms of pen speed, it is slow before and then urgent; In the form of strokes, it is neat and compact, like an array. After this transformation, the regular script font is in Wang Xizhi's hands, and the configuration relationship between strokes is basically established. The structure changes from horizontal to vertical, regular and vigorous, graceful and elegant, and generous.
This is a huge change. After this reform, Wang Xizhi introduced regular script into dignified and vivid? Today? Stage. This change was finally completed in the strict law of the Tang Dynasty.
Like regular script, running script was also very popular in Han Dynasty. From Han bamboo slips, we can see the early running script.
This early running script is also a new writing method gradually developed from the practical writing of official script. It is simple, open and relaxed, and has a strong proper limit. In Wang Xizhi's new calligraphy, the center and the side wings are mutually used, and the words are clear at a glance. The writing speed is relatively fast, and it has a striking charm.
Because of the coherence of strokes, the echo relationship between strokes is closer, and the situation of stippling has changed accordingly, such as pressing the foot, which is no longer flat after heavy pressure, and more is a long point-like back pressure. Wang Xizhi introduced cursive brushwork in running script, which made running script have flattering style.
Wang Xizhi's cursive script is not an old-school Cao Zhang, but a new modern grass. What future generations affirm and admire is that he destroyed the ancient law, cut one, and turned the ancient into the present grass. Wang Xizhi's modern cursive script was produced in the process of sublating Zhang cursive script. Compared with Zhang Zhi's Cao Zhang, Wang Xizhi's Cao Zhang is smart, indulgent and fluent.
Although Wang Xizhi's persistence in brushwork is mostly reflected in one word, he presents a spiritual connection, not a formal one. Emperor Taizong called it attachment. What if the shape is broken but still connected? . In this way, the independent form of Cao Zhang's calligraphy style and the smooth and leisurely brushwork of modern cursive script, two seemingly incongruous ends, have been integrated in Wang Xizhi's modern cursive script and given a new look.
Wang Xizhi's modern cursive script has reached the extreme in the changes of pen and structure. The pen is mainly square-folded, rigid, clean, simple and leisurely. ? Change from painting to painting and from peak to peak; On a small scale, this is very disappointing. (The score of Tang Sun Guoting's book). Dot? Shape? With what? Potential? There is a depression, a positive slope, long or short, square or round, almost stunted, natural and natural.
What Wang Xizhi has achieved is not only a style and a realm, but also a system of calligraphy art, which is serious and elegant; There are opposites and harmony; Affectionate and reasonable; There are laws and freedom. Therefore, all kinds of calligraphers-classical, modern, aesthetic, ethical, realistic, romantic, masculine and feminine-can regard it as a great model and draw nutrition from it.
Wang Xizhi's system, like an aesthetic invisible ruler, measures the quality of China's calligraphy in past dynasties. Ming Dynasty critic Xiang Mu said:? If you escape less, you will know the past and know the present, calligraphy will be integrated and a model will be established.