It means: what is gratifying about being in a high position, and what is sad about being in a low position!

Preface to Meng Dongye

Dynasty: Tang Dynasty

Author: Han Yu

Original text:

Everything sounds when it is uneven: the silence of the vegetation, the sound of the wind blowing. The silence of water is the sound of the wind. It jumps or is excited; Its potential is also, or do it; It boils, or barbecues. The silence of the stone is still the sound of a blow. The same is true of people's words. You should speak before you speak. His songs are thoughtful, and his crying is pregnant. Anything that comes out of his mouth is fair!

Happy people, people who suppress their anger outside, choose people who are good at singing and lip-synching. Gold, stone, silk, bamboo, jade, earth, leather and wood are eight, and those who are good at singing things are also good. The same is true when Wei Tian is around. He chooses people who are good at singing and pretends to sing. So birds crow in spring, thunder in summer, insects crow in autumn and wind in winter. The four seasons push each other, and some people will not be equal.

The same is true for people. The essence of human voice is speech, and words are speech and refinement, especially those who are good at lip-synching. When Tang and Yu were in charge, Tao and Yu were good at singing, but they pretended to sing. Kuifu could speak and pretended to sing in Shao. Xia Zhishi and Wu Zixu are famous for their songs. Yi Yin, a man. The six kinds of arts contained in poems and books are well known. The decline of the Zhou Dynasty was sung by Confucius' disciples, loud and distant. Chuan said, "Heaven will regard Master as Mu Duo." It is credible! Finally, Zhuang Zhou sang with his absurd words. Chu, a big country, died with Qu Yuan. Zang,, and those who spoke through Tao also spoke. Yang Zhu, Mo Zhai, Guan Yiwu, Yan Ying, Lao Dan, Shen Buhai, Han Fei, Shen Dao, Tian Pian, Zou Yan, Yanjiao, Sun Wu, Zhang Yi, Qin Shu, etc. are all outstanding martial arts stars. Qin Zhixing, Li Siming. Sima Qian, Xiang Ru and Yang Xiong were the best singers in the Han Dynasty. Under the Wei and Jin Dynasties, geisha was not as good as ancient times, but it was never lost. As far as its goodness is concerned, its voice is clear and floating, its number is urgent, its words are obscene and sad, and its ambition is relaxed; It's also a speech. It's messy and disorganized. The sky will be ugly, and its virtue will be indifferent to evil? Why don't you sound good?

Chen Ziang, Su Yuanming, Yuan Jie, Li Bai, Du Fu and Li Guan are all famous for their abilities. Meng Jiao Dongye began to sing with his poems. Higher than Wei and Jin dynasties, unremitting ancient. Everyone else is immersed in the Han family. Those who passed me, especially Li Ao and Zhang Ji. The voices of the three sons believe in kindness. Suppressing the ignorance of heaven and its voice makes the country rich and evil, and suppressing the poor and hungry, worrying about their hearts, and making themselves unfortunate and evil? The life of the third son is at stake. It is also a joy in the world and a sorrow in the afterlife! The battle of Dongye is also in Jiangnan, and there are still people who are not at ease, so I will ask them to be solved by people in the sky.

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Generally speaking, everything makes a sound when it is not calm: plants and trees have no sound, but when the wind shakes them, they make a sound. Water has no sound, but when the wind vibrates, it makes a sound. Water is surging, or something is blocking the water potential; The water is rushing, or something is blocking the waterway; The spray is boiling, or a fire is cooking it. Metal stone tools have no sound, but when someone knocks, they make a sound. The same is true of human language, which is often said when it has to be said. People sing to express their feelings, and people cry because they are homesick. Everything that comes out of their mouths and becomes a voice probably has its own reasons for not being calm!

Music is what people express when they are depressed. People choose the most suitable pronunciation to play music. Gold, stone, silk, bamboo, bamboo, earth, leather and wood are the eight musical instruments with the best pronunciation among various materials. God is the same all year round, choosing the thing that can make the most sound. So spring makes birds chirp, summer makes thunder roar, autumn makes insects chirp, and winter makes cold wind roar. There must be a reason why the seasons change from one year to another.

So do people. The essence of human voice is language, and writing is the essence of language, so we should choose people who are good at expressing and rely on them to express our opinions. In the era of Yu Shun, Hating Tao and Yu were the best at expressing themselves, so they were used to express themselves. Wei Xiao can't express it in words, but he expresses it by playing Shao Qu. In the Xia Dynasty, the five brothers of Taikang expressed themselves with their songs. Yi Yin was good at expression in the Yin Dynasty, and Duke Zhou was good at expression in the Zhou Dynasty. Poems recorded in the Six Classics, such as Classic and Shangshu, all have incisive expressions. When the Zhou Dynasty declined, people like Confucius expressed their opinions, which were loud and spread far. The Analects of Confucius said, "God will make Confucius a propagandist." Isn't it true? At the end of the Zhou Dynasty, Zhuang Zhou used his boundless words to express it. Chu is a big country, and the scene of its demise is expressed through Qu Yuan's creation. Zang,, and others expressed this point with their theories. Yang Zhu, Mo Zhai, Guan Yiwu, Yan Ying, Lao Dan, Shen Buhai, Han Fei, Shen Dao, Tian Pian, Zou Yan, Yanjiao, Sun Wu, Zhang Yi and Qin Shu all expressed their views through their own opinions. When the Qin Dynasty rose, Reese had this expression. In the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian, Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong were the most expressive people. Since then, people who can express themselves in Wei and Jin Dynasties have not disappeared, although they are not as good as those in ancient times. As far as their better people are concerned, their works are light and vain in voice, short and urgent in rhythm, gorgeous and sad in rhetoric, decadent and open-minded in interest; Their words are rambling. This is probably because God hates the ugliness and failure of this era and is unwilling to take care of them. Why not let people who are good at expressing express themselves!

After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Chen Ziang, Su Yuanming, Yuan Jie, Li Bai, Du Fu and Li Guan all expressed their feelings with their outstanding talents. Among the living people, Meng Jiao began to express his feelings with poems. These works surpassed Wei and Jin Dynasties, and some of them have reached the level of ancient poetry through unremitting efforts. Other works are also close to the level of Han Dynasty. Among the people I associate with, Li Ao and Zhang Ji are probably the most striking. The expressions of the three of them are really good. But I don't know if God will respond to their voices and let their works express the prosperity of the country, or will he make them poor, hungry and worried and let their works express their misfortunes? The fate of the three of them is in the hands of heaven. There is nothing gratifying about being in a high position, and nothing sad about being in a low position! Dongye is going to be a county captain in Jiangnan. He seems to have something hard in his heart, so I want to use this sentence to untie the knot in his heart.

To annotate ...

(1) excitation: blocking water potential. Mencius Gao Zi Shang: "Today's husband is in the water, and he can leap. If you are excited, you can make it in the mountains. " Later generations are also used to calling water retaining structures such as stone weir excitation.

(2) baking: baking. This refers to cooking.

(3) false: with the help of.

(4) Gold, stone, silk, bamboo, (pá o), earth, leather and wood: refers to various musical instruments made of these eight materials in ancient China, also known as "Eight Tones". For example, the bell belongs to gold, the chime belongs to stone, the musical instrument belongs to silk, the flute belongs to bamboo, the sheng belongs to Shu, the drum belongs to leather and the drum belongs to wood.

(5) Push (duó): Continue. Hey, it's the same as "robbing"

(6) Tang and Yu: the title is Tang and the title is Yu.

(7) gāo yáo: also called gāo and Hao Tao. Legend has it that he is the minister in charge of the prison in Shun Di. This history book includes Hao Tao Mo. Yu: the founding monarch of Xia Dynasty. Legend has it that Shun gave way to him for his meritorious service in flood control. Da Mo Yu and Yu Gong are included in Historical Records.

(8) Kui (kuí): It is said that he was a music official in Shun era.

(9) "Less": the name of being happy with the times.

(10) Fifth son: fifth brother of Wang Xia Taikang. Taikang lost his country because of indulging in amusement. Wu Zixu wrote a song to warn him. The Book of History contains the Song of Five Sons, which is a false statement.

(1 1) Yi Yin: Prime Minister at that time, who helped Tang attack Jie Li. Shangshu contains his works, such as Xianyou Yide, Yixun and Taijia. Or a forgery by later generations.

(12) Duke Zhou: Mingdan, Zhou Wuwang's younger brother. Assist King Wu in cutting merchants and establishing the Zhou Dynasty. Later, he assisted the young master to be king, and once served as a political agent and a ritual system. Shangshu contains many articles of Jin Huan and Dabao.

(13) Six Arts: the general term for the six classics such as The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Yi, Li, Yue and Chunqiu after the Han Dynasty.

(14) Confucius: Zhong Ni, a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, was the main representative of Confucianism.

(15) Heaven will regard Confucius as Mu Duo: The Analects of Eight Shu will be published soon. Muduo, wooden tongue clock. In ancient times, when issuing policies and decrees, Muduo was first shaken to attract people's attention. Later, Mu Duo was used as a metaphor for a person who preached enlightenment.

(16) Zhuang Zhou: Zhuangzi, born in Song Guomeng (now Mengyin County, Shandong Province) during the Warring States Period, was a representative of Taoism. Absurdity: rambling, absurd. The article "Zhuangzi Tianxia" said that the characteristics of Zhuang Zhou's articles are "nonsense, fallacy, groundless talk, arrogance but not arrogance".

(17) Qu Yuan: Ping Ming, original word; Also known as routine, the word spirit is general. Chu people in the Warring States period. Chu Huaiwang, a Zuotu doctor, advocated uniting Qi State against Qin State. Later, he was vilified and relegated. When Chu Qing assisted the king, the state affairs were not in Japan. Qin Bing attacked Yingdu, and Qu Yuan threw himself into the river. He wrote immortal poems, such as Li Sao.

(18) Zang: Zang Wenzhong, a doctor from the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Both Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu Lu Yu have his remarks. Monk: Mencius. During the Warring States Period, Zou Guo (now Zou County, Shandong Province) was the most famous Confucian master after Confucius. The author of Mencius. Xun Qing: Xunzi. During the Warring States Period, Zhao was a Confucian scholar and wrote Xunzi.

(19) Yang Zhu: Zi Ziju, a Wei native during the Warring States Period. He said, the key is to love yourself for me and spare a dime to benefit the world. Comments can be found in Mencius, Zhuangzi, Xunzi and Han Feizi. Mo Zhai: Jimozi. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people in the State of Lu (a talk about the State of Song). The founder of Mohism advocates universal love, mutual non-aggression and Shang Xian. His words and deeds are mainly found in Mozi. Guan Zhiwu: Nakako, a native of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, helped to dominate. Later generations compiled the book Guanzi. Yan Ying: Yan Zi. Zhong Ping, a sage in the Spring and Autumn Period, lived frugally and became a famous vassal. His words and deeds can be found in Yanzi Chunqiu. Lao Dan (dān): Lao Zi. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Chu people. The ancestor of Taoism, according to legend, Lao Tzu (also known as Tao Te Ching) was done by him. Shen Buhai: Zheng people in the Warring States Period. Han Zhaohou served as Prime Minister for 15 years. His theory is based on Huang Lao and the name of the chief criminal. The author of Shen Zi. Han Fei: The son of Korea during the Warring States Period. Later, he sent an envoy to the Qin and Wei Dynasties and was killed by Li Si. A famous legalist representative, see Han Feizi's explanation to him. Shinto: During the Warring States Period, Zhao was the author of The Son of God. Tian Pian was a native of Qi during the Warring States Period. He wrote 25 articles about Tian Zi, which have been lost today. Zou Yan: During the Warring States Period, Qi people were the representatives of Yin and Yang families, and they were called "Tan Tian Yan". Shijiao: a native of Jin State during the Warring States Period. He is the author of "Dead Bodies" and is listed as a saint. Sun Wu: grandson. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi people. Famous military strategist, author of Sun Tzu's Art of War. Zhang yi: During the Warring States Period, Wei was a representative of a military strategist. When King Hui of Qin came to power, he advocated "unity" and lobbied six countries to form an alliance with Qin in order to disintegrate the "integration" strategy. Su Qin, a native of Luoyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, was a famous strategist during the Warring States Period. He once lobbied the six countries of Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Qi and Chu to unite against Qin and wear the seal of the six countries, which was about the length.

(20) Li Si: A native of Chu in the Warring States Period. Qin Shihuang was then Tingwei and Prime Minister. He played an important role in the process of Qin's unification of the world. Book by book with advice.

(2 1) Sima Qian: word length. Xiayang people in the Western Han Dynasty. Famous historian and author of Historical Records. Xiang Ru: Sima Xiangru was born in Chengdu in the Western Han Dynasty. A famous lyricist, he wrote Preface Fu and Shang. Yang Xiong: Zi Ziyun was born in Chengdu, Western Han Dynasty. Fu writers include Ganquan Fu, Hunting Feather Fu, Changyang Fu, and Tai Xuan and Fa Yan.

(22) number of knots (shuò): the rhythm is short.

(23) There are four degrees of relaxation: there are degrees of relaxation, and there are degrees of relaxation, which is extended to decadence. Fourth, debauchery.

(24) Chen Ziang: Apollo, a native of Shehong, Zizhou. The famous poet Han Yu's poem "The Commender" is called "The country is full of articles, and the children dance proudly." He is the author of Chen Boyu's anthology. Su Yuanming: Weak husband, martial artist, a scholar in Tianbao period (742-756). Poetry and prose can be found in All Tang Poems and All Tang Wen. Yuan Jie: Zizishan, a native of Luoyang, Henan. There is the Collected Works of Yuan Zhenshan. Li Bai: The words are too white, and there are Li Taibai's collections. Du Fu: Beautiful words, Du Gongbu's Collection. Li Guan: Zi Bin, a Zanhuang native of Zhaozhou. In 792 (Zhenyuan eight years), he joined Han Yu as a scholar. He is good at prose and has written Li Wenji.

(25) Immersion: gradual infiltration. Very close.

(26) Li Ao: Yes, he was born in Longxi. He is Han Yu's student and nephew. There is Li Wengong's collection. Zhang Ji: The word Wenchang comes from Wu Jun. He is good at writing Yuefu poems, including Zhang Ji.

(27) Working in Jiangnan: refers to going to Liyang to be a county magistrate. Liyang County belonged to Jiangnan Road in Tang Dynasty.

Preface to Send Meng Dongye is a gift preface written by Han Yu, a writer in Tang Dynasty, for Meng Jiao to go to Jiangnan to serve as Taiwei of Liyang County. The full text mainly discusses that Meng Jiao had a hard life because of his "good singing skills". On the surface, the author said that this was determined by God's will, but in fact it was a euphemism and implicit expression, meaning that the society and rulers at that time did not attach importance to talents, rather than promoting superstition. The article repeatedly uses parallelism, cadence, wave cascade and unrestrained momentum; The argument is particularly profound and is a good system in argumentative writing.