A son said, "People seldom show filial piety to their parents, obey their brothers and like to offend the upper rulers." . I don't like to offend the upper rulers, but there are no people who like to rebel. When a gentleman is committed to the fundamental things, the truth of governing the country and being a man is established. Filial piety is the essence of benevolence! "
original text
Youzi (1) said, "He is also filial to his younger brother (2), while people who like to make mistakes (3) are thick-skinned (4); It is not easy to make mistakes, but it is easy to make a mess, and it is not there (5). Gentleman's Business Book (6) is based on Tao (7). Filial piety is also the foundation of a person and (8)? "
To annotate ...
(1) Youzi: Confucius' student, surnamed You, whose name is Ruo, is 13 years younger than Confucius and 33 years younger. The latter is more credible. In the Analects of Confucius, the recorded Confucius students are generally called "Zi", but only Zeng Shen and You Ruo are called "Zi". So many people think that The Analects of Confucius was written by Zeng Shen and You Ruo.
(2) Filial piety: filial piety is the correct attitude of children towards their parents during the slave society; Brother, the pronunciaTion and meaning are the same as "ti", which is the correct attitude of brother to brother. Filial piety and younger brother are two basic moral norms specially advocated by Confucius and Confucianism. The old note says: parents are filial when they do good, and brothers are brothers when they do good.
(3) Attack: attack, attack, attack. Up, refers to the person in the upper position.
(4) fresh: sound Xi m: n, less meaning. This is how the word "fresh" is used in The Analects of Confucius.
(5) Nothing is also: This is the inverted sentence type of "Nothing is also". There is a rule in the syntax of ancient Chinese. If the object of a negative sentence is a pronoun, it usually comes before the verb.
(6) Service: service, dedication and commitment. Ben is not at all.
(7) Tao: In China's ancient thoughts, Tao has many meanings. The Tao here refers to the benevolence advocated by Confucius, that is, the whole moral thought system with benevolence as the core and its embodiment in real life. Simply put, it is the basic principle of governing the country and being a man.
(8) Benevolence: Benevolence is the highest category of Confucius' philosophy and a moral principle. Being the foundation of benevolence is the foundation of filial piety. Another explanation is that the word "benevolence" in ancient times is the word "human", and the foundation of benevolence is the basis of being a man.
Comment and analysis
Some people think that people can be filial to their parents and brothers at home, so they can serve the country faithfully outside, with filial piety as the premise and filial piety as the purpose. Confucianism believes that filial piety at home, there will be no "offence and insurrection" within the rulers; If filial piety is extended to the working people, the people will absolutely obey, not rebel, thus maintaining the stability of the country and society.
Filial piety mentioned here is the foundation of benevolence, which is very important for readers to understand Confucius' philosophy and ethical thought with benevolence as the core. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou Emperor adopted the eldest son inheritance system, and the other concubines were enfeoffed as princes, and so were the subsequent princes. The political structure of the whole society, from emperors to princes to doctors, is based on the feudal patriarchal blood relationship, and the theory of filial piety and filial piety reflects the moral requirements of the patriarchal society at that time.
Filial piety is directly related to social stability. Confucius saw this, so all his thoughts were based on it. He explained that filial piety is the fundamental truth of benevolence from the point that filial piety will not happen. Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, feudal rulers and scholars of all dynasties have inherited Confucius' theory of filial piety and advocated "ruling the world with filial piety". The Han Dynasty is an obvious example. They regarded moral education as an important means to implement feudal rule, and imprisoned the common people in the shackles of Confucian orthodoxy and ethics, which had a great influence on the common people's moral concepts and behaviors, and also had a far-reaching impact on the whole traditional culture of China. The theory of filial piety serves feudal rule and patriarchal clan system. We should have a clear understanding, analysis and judgment, abandon feudal toxin, inherit its reasonable content, and give full play to the due role of morality in social stability.
2. Ancient prose: an urgent translation of Confucius' theory of filial piety ~ A son said: "It is rare to be filial to parents, obey brothers, and like to offend the upper rulers.
I don't like to offend the upper rulers, but there are no people who like to rebel. When a gentleman is committed to the fundamental things, the truth of governing the country and being a man is established.
Filial piety is the essence of benevolence! "Atom (1) said:" He is also a filial brother (2), while sinners (3) are fresh (4); It is not easy to make mistakes, but it is easy to make a mess, and it is not there (5). Gentleman's Business Book (6) is based on Tao (7).
Filial piety is also a person's foundation and (8)? Note (1) Youzi: a student of Confucius, whose surname is You and whose name is Ruo, is 13 years younger than Confucius and 33 years younger. The latter is more credible.
In the Analects of Confucius, the recorded Confucius students are generally called "Zi", but only Zeng Shen and You Ruo are called "Zi". So many people think that The Analects of Confucius was written by Zeng Shen and You Ruo.
(2) Filial piety: filial piety is the correct attitude of children towards their parents during the slave society; Brother, the pronunciaTion and meaning are the same as "ti", which is the correct attitude of brother to brother. Filial piety and younger brother are two basic moral norms specially advocated by Confucius and Confucianism.
The old note says: parents are filial when they do good, and brothers are brothers when they do good. (3) Attack: attack, attack, attack.
Up, refers to the person in the upper position. (4) fresh: sound Xi m: n, less meaning.
This is how the word "fresh" is used in The Analects of Confucius. (5) Nothing is also: This is the inverted sentence type of "Nothing is also".
There is a rule in the syntax of ancient Chinese. If the object of a negative sentence is a pronoun, it usually comes before the verb. (6) Service: service, dedication and commitment.
Ben is not at all. (7) Tao: In China's ancient thoughts, Tao has many meanings.
The Tao here refers to the benevolence advocated by Confucius, that is, the whole moral thought system with benevolence as the core and its embodiment in real life. Simply put, it is the basic principle of governing the country and being a man.
(8) Benevolence: Benevolence is the highest category of Confucius' philosophy and a moral principle. Being the foundation of benevolence is the foundation of filial piety.
Another explanation is that the word "benevolence" in ancient times is the word "human", and the foundation of benevolence is the basis of being a man. Some people think that people can be filial to their parents and brothers at home, so they can serve the country faithfully outside, with filial piety as the premise and filial piety as the purpose.
Confucianism believes that filial piety at home, there will be no "offence and insurrection" within the rulers; If filial piety is extended to the working people, the people will absolutely obey, not rebel, thus maintaining the stability of the country and society. Filial piety mentioned here is the foundation of benevolence, which is very important for readers to understand Confucius' philosophy and ethical thought with benevolence as the core.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou Emperor adopted the eldest son inheritance system, and the other concubines were enfeoffed as princes, and so were the subsequent princes. The political structure of the whole society, from emperors to princes to doctors, is based on the feudal patriarchal blood relationship, and the theory of filial piety and filial piety reflects the moral requirements of the patriarchal society at that time.
Filial piety is directly related to social stability. Confucius saw this, so all his thoughts were based on it. He explained that filial piety is the fundamental truth of benevolence from the point that filial piety will not happen.
Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, feudal rulers and scholars of all dynasties have inherited Confucius' theory of filial piety and advocated "ruling the world with filial piety". The Han Dynasty is an obvious example. They regarded moral education as an important means to implement feudal rule, and imprisoned the common people in the shackles of Confucian orthodoxy and ethics, which had a great influence on the common people's moral concepts and behaviors, and also had a far-reaching impact on the whole traditional culture of China.
The theory of filial piety serves feudal rule and patriarchal clan system. We should have a clear understanding, analysis and judgment, abandon feudal toxin, inherit its reasonable content, and give full play to the due role of morality in social stability.
3. The sentence about "filial piety" in The Analects of Confucius and its translation The sentence about "filial piety" in The Analects of Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period is: Confucius said: "Sex is difficult. If something happens, the disciple will handle it; There is wine and food, sir. Have you ever thought that this is filial piety? "
Interpretation of vernacular: Confucius said: "The hardest thing is to be kind to parents. Only when children do something for their parents can they consider this filial piety? "
The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucianism and a collection of recorded essays, which mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples in the form of quotations and dialogues, and embodies Confucius' political, aesthetic, moral and utilitarian values.
Extended data:
The thought of The Analects of Confucius mainly has three independent and closely related categories:
Ethical category-benevolence, social and political category-propriety, cognitive methodology category-golden mean. Benevolence, first of all, is the true state in people's hearts. The final compromise must be kindness, and this true and kind state is "benevolence".
Confucius established the category of benevolence, and then expounded that courtesy is a reasonable social relationship and a norm to treat people and things, and then expounded the methodological principle of the "golden mean" system. "Benevolence" is the ideological core of The Analects.
Baidu encyclopedia-Analects of Confucius
4. The only classical Chinese about Confucius is The Analects! Original 1. 1 Confucius said (1): "Learn (2) from time to time (3), not to mention (4)? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know (7) and don't care (8). Is it not a gentleman (9)? " Note (1): In ancient China, the title of respect for men with status and knowledge was sometimes referred to as men.
"Confucius" in The Analects of Confucius refers to Confucius. (2) Learning: The "learning" mentioned by Confucius here mainly refers to learning the traditional cultural classics such as rites, music, poems and books of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
(3) Time habit: During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, the word "time" was used as an adverb, meaning "at a certain time" or "at an appropriate time". However, Zhu interpreted "time" as "constant" in his book The Analects of Confucius.
"Xi" refers to exercises, rituals and music; Comment on poetry and books. It also means review, internship and practice.
(4) Say: the sound of yuè means joy, joy and joy. (5) Have friends: There is a book called Friends and Friends.
The old note said, "friends of the same school", that is, friends studying under the same teacher, that is, like-minded people. (6) Music: different from talking.
The old note said that joy is in the heart and joy is outside. (7) People don't know: This sentence is incomplete, and there is nothing that people don't know.
Missing object. Generally speaking, knowing is understanding.
People don't know, that is, others don't know themselves. (8) Yan: Anger, resentment.
(9) Gentleman: The gentleman in The Analects of Confucius sometimes refers to a virtuous person and sometimes refers to a person. This refers to Confucius' ideal person with noble personality.
Confucius said, "isn't it pleasant to review exercises often after learning?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't understand me, and I'm not disgusted or angry. Isn't he also a virtuous gentleman? The original 1.2 wanderer (1) said: "He is also filial to his younger brother (2), but he is easy to offend (3) and thick-skinned (4); It is not easy to make mistakes, but it is easy to make a mess, and it is not there (5). Gentleman's Business Book (6) is based on Tao (7).
Filial piety is also a person's foundation and (8)? Note (1) Youzi: a student of Confucius, whose surname is You and whose name is Ruo, is 13 years younger than Confucius and 33 years younger. The latter is more credible.
In the Analects of Confucius, the recorded Confucius students are generally called "Zi", but only Zeng Shen and You Ruo are called "Zi". So many people think that The Analects of Confucius was written by Zeng Shen and You Ruo.
(2) Filial piety: filial piety is the correct attitude of children towards their parents during the slave society; Brother, the pronunciaTion and meaning are the same as "ti", which is the correct attitude of brother to brother. Filial piety and younger brother are two basic moral norms specially advocated by Confucius and Confucianism.
The old note says: parents are filial when they do good, and brothers are brothers when they do good. (3) Attack: attack, attack, attack.
Up, refers to the person in the upper position. (4) fresh: sound Xi m: n, less meaning.
This is how the word "fresh" is used in The Analects of Confucius. (5) Nothing is also: This is the inverted sentence type of "Nothing is also".
There is a rule in the syntax of ancient Chinese. If the object of a negative sentence is a pronoun, it usually comes before the verb. (6) Service: service, dedication and commitment.
Ben is not at all. (7) Tao: In China's ancient thoughts, Tao has many meanings.
The Tao here refers to the benevolence advocated by Confucius, that is, the whole moral thought system with benevolence as the core and its embodiment in real life. Simply put, it is the basic principle of governing the country and being a man.
(8) Benevolence: Benevolence is the highest category of Confucius' philosophy and a moral principle. Being the foundation of benevolence is the foundation of filial piety.
Another explanation is that the word "benevolence" in ancient times is the word "human", and the foundation of benevolence is the basis of being a man. A son said, "It is rare to be filial to parents, obedient to elder brothers, and like to offend the upper rulers." .
I don't like to offend the upper rulers, but there are no people who like to rebel. When a gentleman is committed to the fundamental things, the truth of governing the country and being a man is established.
Filial piety is the essence of benevolence! "The original 1.3 Confucius said: clever words make color (1), fresh (2) benevolence. Note (1) Clever words and clever colors: Zhu Note: "Good words, good colors, good looks, we must talk about people. "
Both Joe and Ling refer to beautiful women. But this should be interpreted as pretending to be happy.
(2) Fresh: the meaning of less. Confucius said: "If you speak well and pretend to be likable, such people will have no kindness."
The original 1.4 Ceng Zi (1) said: "My three Japanese provinces ② are my body. Cheating for others (3)? Make friends without trust (4)? Can't you learn? " Note (1) Ceng Zi: Ceng Zi, born in 505 BC, is a native of the State of Lu, a descendant of the nobles of the State of Guo who were wiped out by the State of Lu.
Zeng Shen is a proud pupil of Confucius and is famous for his dutiful son. It is said that he wrote the Book of Filial Piety.
(2) Three provinces: province, inspection xǐng inspection. There are several explanations in the three provinces: first, three inspections; The second is to check from three aspects; The third is to check many times.
In fact, in ancient times, adding numbers before verbs with actions meant that there were many actions, which did not have to be recognized as three times. (3) loyalty: the old note said: loyalty.
We should do our best here. (4) letter: the old note says: the believer is sincere.
Believe in honesty. People are required to keep faith with each other according to etiquette rules to adjust the relationship between people.
(5) Pass on without learning: Pass on, and the old note says, "Master Pass on. The teacher taught himself
Learning, like the word "learning while learning", refers to review, practice, exercise and so on. Ceng Zi said, "I have to reflect on myself many times every day. Do I try my best to serve others? Is it honest and trustworthy to associate with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher taught you? " Confucius said, "Tao (1) is a thousand times the country (2). As far as respect (3) is concerned, saving money and loving others (4) makes people timely (5). "
Note (1): A book serves as a guide and a verb. This means governance.
(2) the country of a thousand riders: riding, with the sound of shèng, means car. This refers to the basic units of the ancient army.
Every time you ride in a four-horse chariot, there are 3 military personnel, 72 people beside the chariot and 25 logistics personnel, totaling 100. A thousand chariots country refers to a country with 1000 chariots, that is, a vassal state.
Wars were frequent in the Spring and Autumn Period, so the strength of a country was calculated by the number of vehicles. In the era of Confucius, the country of a thousand riders was no longer a big country.
(3) Respect: The word respect is generally used in table.
5. Meng translated the full text:
Meng asked Confucius about filial piety. Confucius said, "Don't break the ceremony."
Fan Chi drove for Confucius, and Confucius told him, "Sun Meng asked me about filial piety, and I replied,' No violation of etiquette'." Fan Chi said, "What does this mean?" Confucius said, "When parents are alive, they should be treated with courtesy; After death, you should be buried with ceremony and sacrificed with ceremony. "
Original text:
Meng Wenxiao. Confucius said, "No violation."
Fan Chi, his son, told him: "Ask me about filial piety, and I said' no violation'." Fan Chi said, "What is it?" Confucius said, "People are born with courtesy; When you die, you will be buried and sacrificed. "
Meng: Doctor Lu and young Confucius are both twenty years old. No violation: no violation of etiquette. Burial: Burial, dead word, middle.
From: The Analects of Confucius Governing Politics
Extended data
The Analects of Confucius involves Confucius' thought of "ruling by virtue", the basic principles of how to seek and be an official politically, the relationship between learning and thinking, the process of Confucius' own learning and self-cultivation, the new learning methods of reviewing the past, and the further elaboration of filial piety and other moral categories.
The thought of The Analects of Confucius mainly includes three independent and closely related categories: ethics-benevolence, social politics-propriety, and cognitive methodology-the golden mean.
Benevolence, first of all, is the true state in people's hearts. The final compromise must be kindness, and this true and kind state is "benevolence". Confucius established the category of benevolence, and then expounded that courtesy is a reasonable social relationship and a norm to treat people and things, and then expounded the methodological principle of the "golden mean" system.
Personality thought:
The core content of Confucius' political thought is "courtesy" and "benevolence". In the general plan of governing the country, he advocated "governing the country by virtue", which is the noblest way to govern the country. This strategy of governing the country is also called "rule by virtue" or "rule by courtesy". This strategy applies morality and politeness to the people, tightens the hierarchy, and completely divides nobles and civilians into ruled and ruled. Broke the original important boundary between nobles and civilians.
The most important economic thoughts of Confucius are "emphasizing righteousness over profit" and "enriching the people". This is also the main content of Confucian economic thought, which has a great influence on later generations.
6. Confucius' Family Language Six Classics Ancient Chinese Translation Confucius' Family Language Six Classics Fifteen Original Confucius said: "You have six classics, and then you are a gentleman."
Standing upright and filial piety as the foundation; Mourning is politeness, and mourning is the foundation; There are columns in the war, and courage is the foundation; Reasonable governance, agriculture-oriented; Living in the country has a way, and it is based on inheritance; It's time to make money, but strength is the foundation. The foundation is not solid and there is no mulberry planting; Relatives are unhappy and have no diplomacy; Things don't start from the end, there is nothing to do; In terms of memory, there is nothing to say; More uneasy and far away than near.
Therefore, repairing you is a gentleman's way. "Note ① Be yourself: live in the world.
Ben: Not at all. (2) Heir: descendants, here refers to the chosen heir.
(3) Anti-revision: Go back to the root of things and start from nearby. Confucius said, "There are six foundations for doing it, and then you can become a gentleman.
Benevolence and filial piety are fundamental; There is etiquette in the funeral, and grief is fundamental; The battle formation has a rank, and courage is fundamental; Governing the country is organized, and agriculture is fundamental; There are principles in charge of the world, and selecting successors is fundamental; There is an opportunity to create wealth, and hard work is the foundation. If we don't rectify at all, we may not be able to farm mulberry; If you can't make your loved ones happy, don't engage in personnel exchanges; Don't run all kinds of industries if you can't finish the first job; Don't say more about hearsay; If you can't settle nearby, don't settle far away.
Therefore, going back to the root of things and starting from nearby is the road that gentlemen follow. Confucius said, "Good medicine tastes bitter and is good for illness, but advice when most unpleasant is good for action.
Tang Wu prospered from admiration, but died from negativity. There is no dispute between monarch and minister, father and son, brother and brother, scholar and friend, and inaction and inaction.
So:' You lose, I get; If the father loses, the son wins; Brothers suffer, brothers gain; If you lose yourself, your friends will get it. "There is no danger in the old country, no evil in the family, no mourning for father and son, and no friendship."
Pay attention to 1: the appearance of blunt advice. 2 Passive: Respectful and obedient response.
(3) Controversy: Speak out through "exhortation". Confucius said: "A good medicine tastes bitter and is good for illness, but advice when most unpleasant is good for action.
Shang Tang and Zhou Wuwang made their countries prosperous because they could listen to outspoken suggestions, while Xia Jie and Shang Zhou died because they only listened to echoes. There are no ministers who dare to speak, no sons who dare to speak, no brothers who dare to speak, and no friends who dare to speak. It is impossible not to make mistakes.
Therefore, it is said:' If the monarch is wrong, the officials will correct it; The father made a mistake and the son came to remedy it; Brother is wrong, brother to remedy; If you make a mistake, your friend will make it right. "In this way, the country will not be in danger of extinction, the family will not rebel, the father and son will not be at odds, and friends will not be cut off."
It turned out that Confucius was in Qi, but he was not in the museum. Gong Jing made a mistake. The words of the host and guest were accepted, and both sides said in vain: "Zhou Shi made the right time, and said that there was a disaster in the temple first."
Duke Jing of Jin repeatedly asked, "What is the temple of the king?" Confucius said, "This must be the Monastery." Gong said, "How do you know?" Confucius said, "The emperor's life is not terrible.
Grace will repay its virtue, and grace will repay its disaster. King Liv changed the civil and military system and decorated Huang Xuanhua Li. The palace is solemn and luxurious, and the horse is luxurious, but Fu Kezhen (5) also.
Therefore, it is appropriate to add its temple in the disaster. So, naturally, it accounts for 6. "
Qi Huangong said, "Why not punish it by heaven and punish its temple?" Confucius said, "It's also because of the skill of civil and military. If you hurt his body, then nothing is the heir of both civil and military. Therefore, when smashing the temple to show its excesses. "
A moment later, the left and right players said, "The victims will also be in the king's palace." Gong Jing was taken aback, bowed again and said, "Good! The wisdom of saints is far superior to that of people. "
Note 1 production: visit, visit. ② Li Wang: the monarch of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the son of King Zhuang of Zhou Dynasty, whose name is Hu.
③ The Book of Songs: This poem has been lost, but it is not in the Book of Songs. Old note: "This poem also escapes.
The emperor is beautiful. Te, poor also. "
4 te: variation, error. ⑤ Vibration: Save.
6. description: forecast, speculation. ⑦ ⑦: Cut off and become extinct.
Confucius lived in a hotel in the State of Qi, and Qi Jinggong came to see him. As soon as the host and guest exchanged greetings, people around Gong Jing reported, "The envoy of Zhou Guo has just arrived, saying that the ancestral temple of the late king is on fire."
Gong Jing asked, "Which king's temple was burned?" Confucius said, "This must be the temple of Li Wang." Gong Jing asked, "How do you know?" Confucius said, "The Book of Songs says,' Great God, what he has given us, is infallible.
Good things that fall from the sky must be rewarded to virtuous people, and so must disasters. Li Wang changed the system of Wen and Wu Wang to make colorful ornaments. The palace is majestic, and the chariots and horses are extravagant and hopeless.
So God has cursed his temple. Based on this, I made this guess. "
Gong Jing said, "Why doesn't God punish his ancestral temple instead of harming him?" Confucius said, "Probably because of King Wen and King Wu. If it falls on his head, won't the descendants of King Wen and King Wu be extinct? So he sent a disaster to his temple to show his mistake. "
After a while, someone reported: "It was Li Wang's temple that was affected." Gong Jing stood up in surprise and saluted Confucius again and said, "Good! The wisdom of saints exceeds that of ordinary people too much. "
The comments on this article are also composed of many chapters. First, choose the important ones to introduce them. The chapter "There are six books in my own career" refers to six aspects: starting a career, losing discipline, fighting, running the country, keeping the country safe and making money.
"Good medicine tastes bitter and is good for illness, but advice when unpleasant is good for action" are two widely circulated sentences. This chapter is also about admonition.
In the chapter "Confucius in Qi", Confucius inferred the fire in Zhou Temple according to the motto "Heaven's goodness rewards its virtue, and disasters are the same". Although it is a coincidence, it also has a warning effect on extravagant people.
7. The translation of Confucius' ancient prose is as follows:
Confucius thinks that Yan Hui, Zigong and Luz all have their own advantages, and in a sense, these advantages are beyond his Confucius' reach (Qiu Fu Ru Ye), but they are not perfect because they are not good at observing the center and have a proper sense of proportion. He has the advantages of others, but he can also be innocent and feel inferior. Therefore, although he is not as good as others in specific aspects, he has comprehensive advantages.
The article Huai Nan Zi Ren Jian records that people may ask Confucius, "What kind of person is Yan Hui?" He said, "Benevolent people are also. Qiu Fu dairy industry. " "What kind of person is Zi Gong?" He said, "You can argue with others. Qiu Fu dairy industry. " "What kind of person is Luz?"
Yue: "The brave are also. Qiu Fu dairy industry. " The guest said, "All three are virtuous, and they are the victims. Why? " Confucius said, "Qiu is patient, slow to argue, and brave and timid. With the strength of the third son, it is easy to get rid of Qiu, too. "
Extended data:
It's from Huainanzi written by Liu An, the king of Huainan.
Huainanzi, also known as Huainan Lie Hong, is a philosophical work written by Liu An, the king of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty (179- 122) and his disciples. The content used to be divided into internal and external articles, but now there are only 2 1 internal articles. This book is mainly based on Taoism, which combines Confucianism, Legalism, Yin-Yang and Five Elements, so it is generally considered as a miscellaneous work. The book preserves many historical materials of natural sciences and myths and fables, and also records many anecdotes between Qin and Han dynasties, which are rich in content.