Jiulong County is located in the west of Sichuan Province, southeast of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, southwest of Gongga Mountain, and at the junction of Ya 'an, Liangshan and Ganzi. The county covers an area of 6,770 square kilometers and governs 17 townships and 1 town with a total population of 52,000. In 2008, the GDP reached 470 million yuan, the local fiscal revenue was 98.73 million yuan, and the per capita income of farmers and herdsmen was 4,963 yuan. From geography, nature, economy and society, there are the following five "most".
-It is one of the counties with the most obvious natural characteristics in western China.
-It is one of the most unique counties in western China.
—— It is one of the counties with the richest ecological resources in western China.
-It is one of the best-preserved counties in western China.
—— It is one of the counties with the most prominent geographical environment and strategic position in Tibetan areas of China.
Kowloon is located in the transition zone between Panxi Plain and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, forming four landforms: mountains, mountains and canyons. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, the height difference is wide, the terrain is complex, the rainfall is abundant and the sunshine is sufficient, showing a typical three-dimensional climate. There is a saying that "one mountain is divided into four seasons, and ten miles are different."
Jiulong is a county with Tibetan, Han and Yi as the main body, with Hui, Miao, Bai, Yao, Qiang, Tujia and other 12 ethnic minorities living together, with Tibetan, Han and Yi each accounting for nearly one third. For a long time, all ethnic groups have blended with each other and developed together, forming a unique folk culture, which has both the unique features of Tibetan areas and the primitive simplicity unique to Yi people.
Hydropower resources: The annual runoff of major rivers such as Jiulong River, Taka River, Hongba River, Wanba River, Zier River and Tiechang River is 65.438+05.56 billion cubic meters, the theoretical hydropower reserves are 20.65438+0.68 million kilowatts, and the exploitable installed capacity is 6.5438+0.74 million kilowatts. At present, the development rate is 72% and the development potential is huge. The hydropower resources in Kowloon are characterized by large river drop, high installed capacity, low unit cost and good economic benefits.
Tourism resources: Kowloon's natural scenery integrates virgin forests, year-round snow-capped mountains, alpine meadows and plateau lakes, among which Niubizi Cave, Laoren Peak, Shilin, Goddess Milking Peak, Cave, Hot Springs and Twelve Sisters Peak form unique tourist attractions; The little Kazi sea of clouds on the side of Gongga Mountain, the ancient savage temple, the mysterious Hunting Tower Lake, the wonderful frog kingdom, the Tonai Mountain under the Jade Emperor's Heavenly Palace, the majestic and steep Yalong River Grand Canyon, and the rich Tibetan, Han and Yi ethnic customs are all fascinating and make people linger back and forth.
Mineral resources: metallic minerals such as gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc, and more than 20 non-metallic minerals such as silicon, marble and crystal, especially copper, lead and zinc and silicon.
Advantages of green resources in agriculture and animal husbandry: Jiulong Yak, named "China Yak-the best in the world" by the state, is famous at home and abroad for its huge size, delicious meat, high meat yield and good genetic performance. Jiulong Zanthoxylum bungeanum is known as "Jiulong Gongjiao", which is famous for its fragrant and delicious color, and the supply is in short supply; Walnut, cocoon, tobacco and other agricultural products are of high quality and good price, which need to be developed urgently.
Kowloon is a kingdom of wildlife and a treasure house of biodiversity. There are two provincial nature reserves, Wahui Mountain and Hongba. The forest area is 280,000 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is 35.4%. There are nearly 100 kinds of rare animals such as giant panda, red panda and white-lipped deer, and dozens of rare birds; There are Cordyceps sinensis, Fritillaria, Ganoderma lucidum and Gastrodia elata. More than 360 kinds of precious wild Chinese herbal medicines such as Saussurea involucrata; There are dozens of wild mushroom resources such as Tricholoma matsutake and Boletus.
Jiulong County is located in the southern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with provincial highway 2 15 running through the whole territory, bordering the southeast portal of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, 234KM from Kangding in the north, 23 1KM from Lugu Railway Station in Liangshan Prefecture, chengdu-kunming railway, and 280KM from Xichang Airport in the south. It is the county closest to the railway and airport in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, located at the junction of Panxi Plain Economic Circle and Kangba Ecological Economic Circle. It is an important part of the "Sichuan-Yunnan-Tibet" golden tourism link.
The new county party committee and people's government of Jiulong County, with the spirit of unity and pragmatism, pioneering and enterprising, advancing with the times and striving for the first place, led the people of all ethnic groups in the county to create convenient transportation and communication, perfect infrastructure conditions and excellent investment environment. Taking the "two articles" of agriculture, rural areas and resource development as the main line, we will promote the county economy to catch up and leapfrog development. Kowloon has made great strides in building a well-off society in an all-round way.
physical geography
Jiulong county is located in the southeast edge of Songpan geosyncline and belongs to the zigzag structural system of Yunnan and Tibet. The territory is undulating, with high in the north and low in the south, and the height difference is wide. The northern mountainous area is 3600-5500m above sea level, with the highest elevation of 60 10/0m. The valley is generally around 2000-3200m; The confluence of Luobogou and Yalong River in Xiaojin Township in the south is only1.440m, with a height difference of 4,570m.. Due to the deep cutting depth of rivers and steep slopes, the slopes are mostly between 30 and 60, and the downstream tributaries of major rivers are mostly cliffs.
The county is roughly divided into alpine plains and alpine canyons. The main mountain range in the county is Daxueshan, and the mountain is a branch of Daxueshan. Mountains account for 65% of the total area, with an altitude of 4000-5000 meters, mainly distributed in the south-central part. The extremely high mountain is in the north, accounting for 34% of the total area, with an altitude of more than 5000 meters and snow all year round. The whole territory is divided into three secondary mountain systems according to the northeast, middle and west. Its main ridge is the watershed between Dadu River and Yalong River, with a total length of 59 kilometers in the county.
This county is rich in water resources. The length of Jiulong River is 1.28km, and it flows from north to south into Yalong River to Wenjiaping, with a drop of 2,500m, a maximum flow of 200m3/s, and a theoretical power generation of1.039MW..
Taka River flows into Jiulong River from north to south at Wulaxi Bridge, with a total length of 73 kilometers. Tiechang River, Wanba River, Sammont Hunter River and Hongba River are perennial rivers with large vertical drop of riverbeds and good prospects for developing electric power.
The Yalong River flows from north to south through Shangtuan, Bawolong and Sanmonster Hunter Township, then bypasses Muli County and flows through Zier, Kuiduo, Dai Yan, Duoluo and Xiaojin Township in the north, with a total length of 86 kilometers.
Jiulong county is rich in natural resources.
Mineral resources: There are many kinds and occurrences of minerals in Jiulong County. There are mainly more than twenty kinds of copper, lead, zinc, beryllium, tungsten, gold, sulfur, iron, marble, asbestos, crystal stone, granite, white marble and beryl. In particular, copper, lead and zinc are rich in reserves, high in grade and easy to mine. For example, Wu Li Copper Mine has a copper reserve of 260,700 tons with an average grade of 2.5%, Dijingou Copper Mine has a copper reserve of 20,200 tons with an average grade of 1.65% and a zinc reserve of 9,500 tons. The ore reserves of Zigangping lead-zinc mine are 466,000 tons, the zinc metal reserves are 42,400 tons, the lead metal reserves are 6,543.8+0.59 million tons, and the copper metal reserves are 0./kloc-0. 00 million tons, which has high mining value. Other types of deposits need further geological detailed investigation. At present, Wu Li copper mine, Wajingou copper mine and Zigangping lead-zinc mine have been developed.
Forestry resources: There are 280,000 hectares of forest land in the county, accounting for 35% of the total area, and the forest coverage rate is 35.4%, which is higher than the national average. The existing timber volume is 3 1 10,000 cubic meters. The main tree species are fir, spruce, larch, Pinus armandii, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus yunnanensis, hemlock, Quercus alpina, birch and so on. There are many kinds of wild fungi in the mixed forest of Quercus alpine and Quercus alpine and pine. The rational development and utilization of forest resources has made great contributions to the fiscal revenue and the development of county economy in Jiulong County. From 1 September 19981day, the county officially started the natural forest protection project and the project of returning farmland to forests, making due contributions to the construction of ecological protection barriers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
Water resources: The county is rich in water resources. The annual flow of major rivers in the county totals 65.438+0.556 billion cubic meters (except Yalong River), and the exploitable installed capacity of hydropower is 65.438+0.579 million kilowatts. Among them, the Jiulong River has great development potential, with a total length of1.28km, flowing from north to south into the Yalong River to Wenjiaping, with a drop of 2,500m, a maximum flow of 200m3 per second and a theoretical power generation of1.039MW.. Taka River flows into Jiulong River from north to south at Wulaxi Bridge, with a total length of 73 kilometers. Tiechang River, Wanba River, Sammont Hunter River and Hongba River are perennial rivers with large vertical drop of riverbeds and good prospects for developing electric power. The Yalong River flows from north to south through Shangtuan, Bawolong and Sanmonster Hunter Township, then bypasses Muli County and flows through Zier, Kuiduo, Dai Yan, Duoluo and Xiaojin Township in the north, with a total length of 86 kilometers.
Tourism resources: Jiulong County has beautiful mountains and rivers and beautiful scenery. There are snowy peaks as white as silver, lush virgin forests, colorful lakes and mountains, and a wide variety of rare birds and animals. Wuxuhai, a magical and beautiful summer resort with excellent scenery, covers an area of more than 400 square kilometers, integrating virgin forest, year-round snow-capped mountains, alpine meadows and plateau lakes. Ten scenic spots, such as Niubizi Cave, Old Man Peak Stone Forest, Goddess Milking Peak, Cave, Hot Springs and Twelve Sisters Peak, set each other off. Every spring and summer, the mountains are full of flowers, fish jump and birds sing happily; It is refreshing to go boating on the lake; Picnics by the lake have a unique flavor. Mountains, water, forests, grass and flowers set each other off into interest, and people, livestock, birds and animals set each other off into interest, just like a paradise, more like a fairyland on earth. The two provincial wildlife nature reserves, Wahui and Hongba, cover an area of 1.200 square kilometers, with beautiful scenery, rich resources and perfect and harmonious natural ecology. The Little Kazi Sea of Clouds on the side of Gongga Mountain, the ancient Savage Temple, the mysterious Jiri Temple, the chicken ugly ditch with towering old trees and continuous blue sea, and the Tuonai Mountain under the Jade Emperor's Tiangong are rich in Tibetan, Han and Yi folk customs, with different styles and great ornamental value.
Other resources: Jiulong County is rich in wildlife resources, mainly including giant panda, red panda, white-lipped deer, water deer, macaque, bear, Ma Xiong, Sumen antelope, wildebeest, leopard, musk deer, muntjac, argali, rock sheep, fox, green-tailed pheasant, big-breasted parrot, silver pheasant and long-tailed pheasant. Wild edible fungi are rich in resources, mainly including Tricholoma matsutake, Hericium erinaceus, Boletus, Bigfoot mushroom, wild Pleurotus ostreatus, Cladosporium and so on. There are more than 360 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Cordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, Fritillaria, Gastrodia elata, Radix Astragali, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Saussurea involucrata, Radix Aucklandiae, Cortex Moutan, Notopterygii Rhizoma, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Eucommiae Cortex, Beeswax, Bluegrass, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Semen Gossypii, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Radix Notoginseng and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.
The development of history
Tibetan is called "Jiri School", also known as Bulong and Fu Jierong. It means "star anise". According to records, in the first year of Qin Long (1567), Tibetan lamas came to Kangqu to preach, and a "Jiri Temple" was built in Zhonggu Village, Tanggu Township, hence the name "Jiri Religion".
The title of "Kowloon" is named after the establishment of the Kowloon Administrative Office, which governs nine villages including Bodhisattva Dragon, San Anlong, Maidong, Mohong, Sangailong, Baalong, Miwolong, Hongbalung and Wanbalung, all of which contain the word "dragon".
The earliest record tells that Zhuge Liang borrowed the "land of three arrows" from Meng Huo during the Three Kingdoms period, and used a trick to drive the southern minorities from Ya 'an to the west of Hushui (now Dadu River) and swore to shoot arrows in the archery furnace (now Kangding). At that time, herders lived in Kowloon.
Later, it was not until the early Qing Dynasty that Kowloon was officially designated as a county, and it was still managed by the local toast.
During the Qianlong period, the county system was abolished and belonged to Kangding County.
In the 15th year of the Republic of China (1926), Jiulong County was restored, and it was under the Xikang Government Affairs Committee.
After liberation, it was subordinate to Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Xikang Province, which was revoked in 1955 and merged into Sichuan Province to become Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.
Local customs and practices
In some areas around Gongga Mountain, such as Kangding, Daofu, Jiulong and Yajiang, a few people speak a kind of Muya language, and they are called "Muya people". According to statistics, there are currently more than 1 10,000 people in Muya, including about 1000 people in Tanggu Township, Jiulong County.
The history of Muya people has always been concerned by scholars at home and abroad. Is Mu Yajin an original resident of Xixia or a follower of Xixia after its demise? There is no conclusion yet. According to the domestic and foreign data obtained from Ba 'er's investigation of "Miyao" (Muya language is also called Miyao language) in Yaxi River Basin in 1882, we initially think that Muya people were formed by the integration of Xixia adherents who moved south after the demise of Xixia and the original residents here. The original residents here are probably the original residents of the Tangut people in the Tang Dynasty-Yao Mi people. Due to the development of society and traffic, the original Muya dialect has been gradually replaced by the official Tibetan language, and the original Yaomi people have gradually become Tibetans.
Due to the relationship between earth, water and blood, Muya people have white skin, high nose, round eyes, smart, handsome, hardworking and good wine. They use Dege Tibetan when they go out, and they are "elegant" at home, and they can sing and dance well. Among the Muya people, men generally do not take part in farm work, do needlework at home or go out to work as temporary workers. All farm work is done by women.
Due to the influence of Tibetan culture, the customs and beliefs of Muya people, such as marriage customs and burial customs, are similar to those of Tibetans. Muya people have celestial burial, water burial and burial, and believe in Buddhism. In terms of decoration, men are the same as Tibetans, while women are different from Tibetans. Tibetan decorations are usually placed on the head, while elegant ones are placed on the neck or waist. Moreover, although Muya people have long braids, they don't hang back, but wear them on their heads, folding them into tiles with a piece of black cloth or blue cloth and covering them on their heads. Sometimes put a little ornament on your head, but not too much. The decoration on the belt is like a bullet in a pistol bullet bag, wearing a waist knife. Some people also wear wide folding skirts, cloaks made of wool and cow hair, black white-collar workers and auspicious patterns woven with red wool thread on their collars, which makes them feel as if Wenxi had returned to the Han Dynasty.
A house form of Muya people is similar to that of Qiang and Jiarong people. "Blackstone House" is a few feet high, generally three floors, the lower level raises livestock, the middle level lives in people, and the upper level basks in firewood. People live in a hall, a teahouse, a bedroom, a balcony, a studio and a toilet. They seldom live on the hillside, and their houses are usually built on flat ground.
The history of Muya people is very long, and the history of people who speak this language is recorded in the past Sino-Tibetan documents. Since modern times, Chinese and foreign scholars have carried out research on the language and history of Muya people and published many papers. Most articles believe that the residents who speak Muya have a close relationship with the ancient Xixia people. Some articles even think that Muya people are immigrants who moved south after the demise of Xixia. Where did the Mayans originate? How did they evolve in history? I believe that with the in-depth investigation and study, the facts will come out.
Yi people have a long history and ancient culture. Kowloon, a magical, beautiful and vast land, has nurtured generations of Yi people, and also nurtured the simple and colorful ethnic customs and culture of Yi people. The rich and colorful ethnic customs of the Yi people are a miracle of China culture.
Yi torch festival
Fire is a symbol of the Yi people's pursuit of light. In the Yi area of Jiulong County, the most solemn festival is Torch Festival, which is mostly held on June 24th or 25th of the lunar calendar. At night, people light torches, and the torch procession shines from the village head to the field. People dance around the blazing fire, roast goats, eat "tuorou", drink "shoulder pole" wine, race horses, hang out in autumn and dance in the pot house. At this time, the torch is swaying in the field, which will extract folk entertainment and be full of national characteristics.
Marriage custom of Yi nationality
The wedding of Yi people in Jiulong County is very lively, the biggest feature of which is "grabbing" the bride, and it still retains the ancient tradition and charming color. Splashing water and wiping face make the whole wedding full of joy, wit and humor. People regard "grasping", "lifting" and "seeing" as the three unique skills in the wedding. "The body that is not lifted or robbed is not expensive, and the wife (wife) brought back is worth 1000 yuan." Often in the process of "robbing" the bride and carrying the bride, unmarried young men and women are provided with opportunities to fight with each other and make friends. Time and time again "grab" the banter of the bride, enjoy the lively scene of carrying the bride again and again, and give birth to new couples.
Yi culture and art
Yi people dance very well. Yi people's music is full of characteristics, dance accompaniment, colorful dance forms, enthusiasm and joy. The traditional arts and crafts of the Yi people have national characteristics, including painting, embroidery, silverware, sculpture and painting. In addition, in history, Yi people used their wisdom to write history, literature, astronomy and medical books, religious classics and so on in Yi language.
Clothes ornaments
The Yi people's costumes in Jiulong County combine a variety of decorative techniques, which are beautiful and generous, with rich and diverse patterns, calm and harmonious colors, and simple and clear. There are many kinds of Yi costumes, mainly in black or near black and blue, with red and yellow as the background color. In particular, they pay attention to the collocation of red, yellow and black and the choice of patterns, showing rich feelings in simplicity, symbolizing the strength, tenacity and kindness of the Yi people.
General situation of economy
(1) Agriculture
In 2002, the county's total agricultural output value was 43 1.6 million yuan, and the total grain output was 1.655 tons. At the end of the year, the number of all kinds of livestock reached 1.994 million (only 1 head and 1 horse), the total meat output reached 2746 tons, and the per capita income of farmers and herdsmen reached 968 yuan. In 2008, the county's total agricultural output value was 95.74 million yuan.
(2)
1962 established the first county-run state-owned industrial hydropower plant. By 1963, there are only three industrial enterprises in the county. 1973, agricultural machinery is built in the county; 1978, Jigou County Forest Farm in Tanggu Township was completed and put into operation; After 1970s, mining, wood processing, hydropower and tap water plants were established in this county. After 1986, Woer Power Station, Hongba Forest Farm and Taka Forest Farm were established one after another. 1989, the county-run Wu Li copper mining and dressing plant was completed, and the number of township industrial enterprises increased to 6; In 200 1 year, there were 527 industrial enterprises and individual enterprises owned by the whole people and collectives in the county. At the constant price of 1990, the industrial output value in 2002 was 260 10000 yuan, accounting for 39% of the total industrial and agricultural output value of 67120 million yuan.
(3) Transportation
By the end of 197 1, there was no 1 highway in the county, and the transportation of materials was entirely manned by horses. 1997, Jiulong county bus station was established. 1985 There are two main lines in the county with a mileage of162km, and six branch lines with a mileage of 85.7km.. By 2002, the county's highway mileage reached 439 kilometers, and the oil pipeline project in Tongxian County was fully started.
(4) Posts and telecommunications industry
Jiulong County Post Office was established in 195 1. By 1998, there are 4 post offices (offices) and 1 agency, serving 4865 people. The average service area of each site reaches 1354.05 square kilometers, serving 9732 people. There are three postal routes, with a one-way postal mileage of 6500 kilometers. 1998 set up a telecommunications bureau to provide long-distance postal services and rural telephone services. The construction of optical cable communication from the county seat to Kangding and from the county seat to Daliwu was opened, and the telephone penetration rate reached 0/2 units per 100 people. In 2002, the total post and telecommunications business was 2,736,400 yuan.
(5) Commerce and trade
The county has 5 commercial retail outlets and 80 employees. In 2002, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in the county was 25.58 million yuan.
(6) Finance and finance
It is a state-subsidized county. By 1985, the state subsidy reached 4,353,900 yuan, 9 13.88 times higher than that of 1954, with an average annual increase of 24.60%; In 2002, the fiscal revenue was 6.989 million yuan, and the expenditure was 82 1.69 million yuan.
administrative division
Jiulong County is located in the west of Sichuan Province, southeast of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, southwest of Gongga Mountain, and at the junction of Ya 'an, Liangshan and Ganzi, covering an area of 6,770 square kilometers.
Jiulong xian
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County People's Government in Xia 'er Town
In 2004, Jiulong County governed 65,438+0 towns (Xiaer), 65,438+00 townships (Naiqu, Tanggu, Sanguai Hunter, Bawolong, Shangtuan, Xieka, Dai Yan, Kuiduo, Urasi and Hongba) and 7 ethnic townships (Zier Yi, Sanya Yi and Ori Yi, etc.
From 202 1 to 1, Jiulong County was recognized as the third batch of food safety demonstration counties (cities, districts) in Sichuan Province.
On July 29th, 2020, the national patriotic health campaign committee reconfirmed Jiulong County as the national health township (county) in 2020.
In September of 20 18, the list of comprehensive demonstration counties of rural e-commerce in 20 18 was released, and Jiulong county was on the list.
On February 2, 20 17, Jiulong county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 16.