The loess plateau in northern Shaanxi is 800 ~ 1300m above sea level, accounting for about 45% of the total area of the province. Its northern part is a sandstorm area, and its southern part is a hilly and gully area. After 50 years of construction, the shelter forest system, ecological agriculture and desert oasis in northern Shaanxi have made remarkable achievements. Animal husbandry is relatively developed, with abundant reserves of coal, oil and natural gas.
The Guanzhong Plain starts from Baoji in the west and reaches Tongguan in the east, with an average elevation of 520 meters. It is 360 kilometers long from east to west, accounting for 19% of the total land area of the province. Here, the terrain is flat, the transportation is convenient, the climate is mild, the products are rich, the economy is developed, and the grain and oil output and gross national product account for about two-thirds of the province. It is the essence of the province and is known as "Qinchuan in 800 Li".
Qinba mountain area in southern Shaanxi includes Qinling, Bashan and Hanjiang river basins, accounting for about 36% of the total land area of the province. The Qinling Mountains in the province are 400 ~ 500 kilometers long from east to west, about 300 kilometers wide from north to south, and the altitude is 1500 ~ 2000 meters. Qinba Mountain area is a treasure house of forest products, and the Hanjiang River basin is rich in soil and products.
Topographic area: the total mountainous area in Shaanxi is 74 1000 hectares, accounting for 36% of the total land area in the province, the total plateau area is 9.26 million hectares, accounting for 45% of the total area, and the plain area is 39 1000 hectares, accounting for 19% of the total area. The total cultivated land area is 4.8 million hectares, accounting for 23.3% of the total area, paddy field area is 204,000 hectares, accounting for 1% of the total area, dry land area is 3.692 million hectares, accounting for 17.9% of the total area, irrigated land area is 887,000 hectares, accounting for 4.3% of the total area, and woodland area is 9.626 million hectares.
Taibai Mountain is 3767m above sea level, Hualong Mountain is 29 17m above sea level, shouyangshan is 27 19m above sea level, Zhongnanshan is 2604m above sea level, Huashan Mountain is 2 160m above sea level, Bai Zi is 1823m above sea level, and Bashan is1500 ~ 2000.
The main rivers, Wuding River, have an area of 3026 1 km2, a length of 491.2km, Yanhe River, a length of 284.3km, Jinghe River, a length of 4542 1 km2, and Weihe River, a length of 62,440km2.
Shaanxi is one of the provinces with rich resources in China, with superior metallogenic geological conditions, rich mineral resources and complete minerals, and various minerals occupy an important position in the country.
92 kinds of mineral resources have been identified in Shaanxi Province, including 5 kinds of energy minerals, 27 kinds of metal minerals, 57 kinds of non-metal minerals and 3 kinds of water and gas minerals. The main characteristics of mineral resources in our province are: the resources are widely distributed, but relatively concentrated, and the types of minerals are relatively complete, but the structure is not ideal; Rich in resources, but the overall exploration degree is low, the economically recoverable reserves are few, and there are many resources that are difficult to develop and utilize; The advantages of energy and minerals are outstanding, but some pillar minerals are in short supply; In addition to energy minerals, metal and nonmetal minerals are very large, but there are few large minerals, many small and medium-sized minerals, few rich minerals, many medium-low grade minerals, few single minerals and many associated minerals.
The regional characteristics of mineral resources distribution in Shaanxi Province are obvious. Northern Shaanxi and Weibei are dominated by high-quality coal, oil, natural gas, marl, clay and salt minerals; Guanzhong is dominated by gold, molybdenum, building materials and minerals, underground hot water and mineral water; The Bashan area of Qinling Mountains in southern Shaanxi is dominated by ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, precious metals and various nonmetallic minerals. Our province has identified the potential total value of mineral resources reserves of 42 trillion yuan, accounting for about one-third of the country, ranking first in the country.
The important minerals in Shaanxi province are salt mine, coal, petroleum, natural gas, molybdenum, mercury, gold, limestone, glass quartzite, kaolin and asbestos. It not only has considerable resource reserves, but also has good grade and quality, and has obvious advantages in domestic and provincial markets. However, some important minerals related to the national economy and people's livelihood, such as iron, copper, manganese, aluminum, tin, tungsten, platinum group metals, fluorite, potassium salt, phosphorus, diamond and so on. , either the ore is poor, or the proven reserves are few, or the development and utilization conditions are poor, and a few minerals still have no proven reserves.