The construction of agricultural information resources is the core content of agricultural informatization. With the importance of the development and utilization of information resources being gradually recognized by people, the development and utilization of agricultural information resources in China has made great progress, and the data in 2004 increased by four times compared with that in 2000. See figure 2.
As can be seen from Figure 3, agricultural information websites at the city and county levels in China have developed rapidly, which indicates that the construction of agricultural information networks in China has begun to take shape. The Ministry of Agriculture has established a network center with strong supporting service capability, and the government extranet connecting the Ministry of Agriculture and the agricultural administrative departments of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) has been completed and opened, and a national agricultural portal website with China Agricultural Information Network as the core and more than 20 professional networks as one has been initially established. Local area networks and agricultural information websites have been established by agricultural administrative departments in all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). By the end of 2004, 8 1% of prefecture-level agricultural departments and 38% of county-level agricultural departments had established local area networks, 83% of prefecture-level agricultural departments and 45% of county-level agricultural departments had established agricultural information websites, and 75.9% of counties had established information service platforms, realizing the interconnection with the information center of the Ministry of Agriculture. About 80% township information service stations in China have computers and access to the Internet, and gradually formed a website group with the provincial agricultural information network as the core.
In the past five years, the publishing volume of agricultural science and technology books has shown a wave-like growth trend, with a downward trend in 200 1 and 2002, and an obvious downward trend after 2003, as shown in Figure 4. At the same time, the number of rural book distribution outlets has dropped sharply, the rural market share of publications has declined, and the effect of serving "agriculture, countryside and farmers" is not good. This situation, on the one hand, is due to the contradiction between the excessive increase in book prices and the relatively limited purchasing power of farmers, and on the other hand, it is also affected by the lack of efforts of publishing agricultural science and technology books by publishing units, the lack of development of topics and the lack of marketable products. We should pay attention to this.
(B) Analysis of agricultural information infrastructure indicators
In the past five years, the construction of agricultural information infrastructure has developed continuously and rapidly. In particular, farmers' telephone, television, computer and other information terminal equipment are increasing day by day, which has laid a good foundation for popularizing and implementing the "trinity" agricultural information household project of telephone, television and computer, building a comprehensive information service platform in rural areas and solving the "last mile" problem of agricultural information service. See figure 5.
Figure 6 shows that China's rural communication network infrastructure construction has achieved initial results, and the coverage capacity of rural basic communication networks has been greatly improved. According to statistics, in 1990, there were only1460,000 farm users in China, and in 2004 it reached10/595,000, an increase of nearly 70 times. The total number of administrative villages with telephone calls in China reached 628,000, which laid a solid foundation for agricultural informatization.
In the past five years, the TV ownership rate of farmers has reached a new high, as shown in Figure 7. Rural TV coverage has been continuously improved. Most towns and villages have opened cable TV or established TV difference turntable, and the traditional radio and television network basically covers administrative villages.
From Figure 8, we can find that although the number of computers in rural areas has been increasing in the past five years, the actual proportion is still very low, especially compared with the relevant data of urban residents in the same period. According to statistics, in 2005, the number of urban residents accessing the Internet per 100 people and the number of computers per 100 households were 6.5 times and 20 times that of rural residents, respectively, and the digital gap between urban and rural areas showed an expanding trend.
It should be pointed out that the gap between urban and rural areas in the construction of rural communication network infrastructure in China is still very large. By the end of 2003, urban residents had 95.4 1 home phone, 90.07 mobile phone and 65,438+030.5 color TV sets per 100 households, while rural residents had only 565,438+0.4%, 26.3% and 52% of urban residents' home phone, mobile phone and color TV sets per 100 households respectively. Only 1.9% netizens come from agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. At the end of 2004, compared with the end of 2003, the number of urban fixed telephone users increased by 39.75 million, with a growth rate of 23%, while the number of rural fixed telephone users increased by 9.95 million, with a growth rate of less than 1 1%. Some towns and villages still have no connected information or communication networks. From the end of 2003 to the end of 2004, the total number of Internet users in China increased by14.5 million, with a growth rate of 15.4%, while the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industry only increased by10/0000, with a growth rate of 9.9%, far below the total growth rate.
The regional imbalance of communication infrastructure is more prominent. By the end of 2003, rural residents in western 12 provinces had 28. 14 home phones, 3.55 mobile phones and 55.76 color TV sets per 100 households, accounting for 57.4%, 57.2% and 82.2% of rural residents in China respectively.
(C) Analysis of agricultural information technology application indicators
Popularizing and applying information technology in rural areas is an important way to develop modern agriculture and an inevitable requirement and historical choice for building a new socialist countryside. As can be seen from Figure 9, although the application of agricultural information technology in China is still in its infancy, the index has grown rapidly due to the effective measures taken by the state in the application of agricultural information technology.
As an important channel for rural people to obtain information, traditional information dissemination technologies such as mail, newspapers and periodicals are widely used in rural areas, and the proportion of administrative villages with postal services in China is already very high. See 10, and the coverage capacity of rural basic communication networks has been greatly improved. However, there are still some remote and inaccessible rural areas that are not covered.
From the figure 1 1, we can see that the number of people surfing the internet in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery has increased dramatically in the past five years. This shows that with the rapid development of modern information technology and network technology in China, the application of modern information network technology in agriculture has developed to a certain extent. At the same time, we should also see that although the absolute number of netizens in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery has increased, the proportion of netizens in the country is still very small. In the past five years, even the year with the highest proportion of 200 1 only accounts for about 1.5% of all netizens. This situation is mainly caused by the poor information quality of farmers, insufficient information consumption capacity, low coverage of rural network infrastructure and poor quality and accuracy of network information resources themselves. In this regard, we suggest that the state take active measures to narrow the gap and avoid the further expansion of the "information gap" between urban and rural areas.
As can be seen from Figure 12, the number of township agricultural information management and service institutions in China is growing rapidly. According to statistics, at present, all provincial agricultural administrative departments in China have set up functional institutions and agricultural information centers for agricultural information work, 97% of prefectures (cities) and about 80% of county-level agricultural departments have set up agricultural information management and service institutions, and 56% of townships have set up information service stations relying on agricultural technology extension institutions. Institutions at all levels are equipped with nearly 40,000 full-time and part-time information workers, and a team of rural information workers, including enterprises engaged in agricultural information technology and services, intermediary organizations, farmers' brokers and large rural households, is nearly 6.5438+0.7 million, and a rural information service system has been initially established.
(D) Analysis of the elements of information-based talents
Human resource is the most creative factor, and having a group of agricultural informatization talents with sufficient quantity, reasonable structure and excellent quality is the foundation of the development of agricultural informatization in China. In the past five years, the index of agricultural information talents in China has been rising and growing rapidly, as shown in figure 13, which shows that the construction of agricultural information talents in China has made great progress. In particular, the number of agricultural information officers is the fastest growing, as shown in figure 14. This also shows that our country relies on institutions of higher learning and training institutions, and adopts various ways and means such as school education, continuing education and social education to cultivate high-level practical talents of agricultural informatization and professionals of agricultural information technology application, and the guiding ideology of establishing an expert consultation team of agricultural informatization is correct and should be continued. At the same time, we also see that there is a serious shortage of professional agricultural information technology talents, especially high-level talents, and the growth is slow, as shown in figure 15.
(E) Analysis of external environmental factors of informatization
Generally speaking, the external environment index of China's agricultural informatization development is on the rise, especially after 2002, which shows that the external environment of China's agricultural informatization construction is constantly optimized. However, the growth rate of this indicator obviously lags behind the "National Index of Agricultural Informatization Level", which also shows that the state financial support for agricultural informatization construction is not satisfactory. See figure 16.
According to statistics, the growth of rural informatization index is relatively slow, even ups and downs. This situation is mainly due to the natural weakness of agricultural production, the imbalance of population and land in China in recent years, the overpopulation in rural areas and our long-term economic policy of developing economy and industry at a high speed while ignoring agriculture, which leads to the slow growth of farmers' income. Take 2002 as an example. In 2002, the per capita net income of rural families was 2476 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of urban families was 7703 yuan, the former was only 32% of the latter. Compared with 20001year, the per capita net income of rural households increased by 4.8%, and the per capita disposable income of urban households increased by 13.4%, the former being only 35.8% of the latter. It can be seen that while the city is heading for a well-off society, the income level of farmers is low and the speed of improvement is slow. Insufficient income leads to a large proportion of basic items to maintain daily life in farmers' consumption structure. In addition, farmers' backward consumption concept, poor market awareness of information and unaccustomed to paying for information services also have a certain impact on this indicator. See figure 17.
The national investment in agricultural informatization is relatively stable and has increased, as shown in Figure 18 and Figure 19, but the growth trend is not obvious. In some years, although the absolute value of investment has increased, the proportion has decreased. 1994-2004, the average proportion of central government agricultural expenditure to GDP was 1 1.6%, while the proportion of agricultural added value to GDP in the same period was 17.6%. In addition, in the actual use of limited funds, the leading role of the government is still insufficient, and various departments and projects compete for funds, resulting in repeated waste and unreasonable use structure of funds, especially the small proportion of funds invested in agricultural informatization construction, which limits the further development of agricultural informatization construction.
As an important subject of agricultural informatization, farmers are related to all aspects of agricultural informatization construction and development. The data shows that in the past five years, the cultural and educational undertakings in the vast rural areas of China have been continuously developed, the quality of farmers has been continuously improved, and the proportion of people with senior secondary education has been increasing. This has played an important role in promoting the application of information technology in agriculture and promoting the process of agricultural informatization. But on the whole, the overall cultural quality of rural areas is still lower than that of cities and towns. At present, among the nearly 490 million rural laborers in China, the quality of farmers is relatively low, which on the one hand limits their recognition and grasp of the profit opportunities contained in information, and on the other hand increases their economic cost and cost of obtaining and using information. See figure 20.