It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments and annotations, and requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusion of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion, which is an independent and complete essay.

Generally speaking, Chinese abstracts do not exceed 300 words, and foreign abstracts do not exceed 250 substantive words. Figures, tables, chemical structures, symbols and terms that are not widely known and commonly used are not used in the abstract unless absolutely necessary. You can start another page in front of the title page (this page has no text), and the abstract of academic papers is generally placed after the title and author, before the text of the paper, above and below the keywords.

The abstract shall include the following contents:

(1) The purpose and importance of this study;

(2) the main content of the study, which shows what has been done;

(3) The basic conclusions and research results highlight the originality of the paper;

(4) the significance of the conclusion or result.

Refer to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-Abstract