To enter the field of Marxist theory, we first need to study the field deeply, consolidate the professional theoretical level, read a large number of classic works of Marxist theory, grasp the formation process and basic inheritance of Marxist theory, and also need to deeply understand the main ideological contents of the authors Marx and Engels and the theoretical contents of the rich development of Marxists in the subsequent period, so as to form a complete system in our own mind. Secondly, in the process of reading, we should keep thinking, learn to ask questions, and try our best to find something that interests us for in-depth research. Finally, if you want to write a paper, you must go through three steps: finding problems, analyzing problems and forming conclusions. In this process, the problem consciousness is the first. You should be good at thinking and finding problems. This problem must have scientific research value and research value, and more importantly, it must be suitable for its own level.
In order to form a thesis by studying problems, we should pay attention to the requirements of format and language norms when writing a thesis. This series of work can barely be regarded as entering a research field.
The course Methodology of Marxist Social Science first taught me a change in thinking, from a learning method to a research method, which is exactly what we will learn in the next three years. But besides the change of thinking, we also need to master some basic social science research methods to help us study a field.
First, the research methods of humanities and social sciences
In life, there are all kinds of books, but not all of them need us to read. First of all, you should read books that are useful to you, but there are ways to read, especially when you want to study professionally. Mastering reading methods is a key link in our study or research.
Literary reading
1, want to read classics.
After this period of study, I found that there are two different situations in classic books. The first classic is concise, so readers can easily understand what the author wants to express, and the author can explain profound truth with simple words. Reading this classic original will make you feel very enlightening and the effect is obvious. The second classic is that the language is obscure and difficult to understand the profound truth that the author wants to express. In the second case, if you insist on reading the original, it will waste a lot of time and the effect will be average. In this case, you need to use some methods. First of all, we should read a lot of peripheral literature, that is, other writers' understanding and views on this kind of classics, and form our own understanding in this process, and then feel the mystery of classic works by reading the original works. If the classic literature is in a foreign language, such as Marx's related works, you can read the translated works first, and then the original works in a foreign language. In this process, the professional level will be greatly improved. In addition, we should also pay attention to reading classic works repeatedly. As the saying goes, "read a book a hundred times before you know its meaning", and the previous obscurity becomes easy to understand.
2. Read a lot of papers.
In addition to reading a lot, you need to read papers to enter a field. By reading a large number of papers to pay attention to the core issues discussed by domestic and foreign scholars in the field of Marxist theory and the methods they can study and gain insight into writing papers, reading papers can bring two benefits and concerns.
To read a thesis, you first need to find a thesis related to your professional field. Every major, even every major direction, has corresponding academic journal papers, and you can't blindly choose when looking for literature to read. For example, Marxist theory cannot be confused with Marxist philosophy. Secondly, it depends on the papers of authoritative journals, which are also graded. Authoritative journals are the papers with the most discourse power, novel content and the best quality in any field, and are often the forefront of a professional field, discussing the core issues in this field at present.
3. Literature accumulation
After reading a lot of literature and learning more professional knowledge, if you don't accumulate or record the literature you read, you will not only forget the knowledge you read quickly, but also be unable to classify the relevant knowledge you read and can't adjust it well when using it. Therefore, we need to constantly accumulate literature when reading at ordinary times.
Notes. When reading the literature, mark the difficult problems and experiences that you don't understand in the blank space of the book. In 1844' s Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts, there is a paragraph about "the price of labor is far more stable than the price of means of subsistence. The two are often inversely proportional. In the era of soaring prices, wages fall due to the decline in labor demand and rise due to the rise in the prices of means of subsistence. This will cancel each other out. In any case, there are always a certain number of workers who have no food. In the era of cheap prices, wages increase due to the increase in labor demand and decline due to the decline in the price of means of subsistence. This will cancel each other out. "
Reading notes. There are methods and skills to write reading notes, mainly from these three methods. First of all, we should learn to extract classic sentences from the literature, which can be the author's classic exposition on a certain problem or the sentences that can arouse readers' deep thinking, and all the sentences that are valuable to them can be extracted. The second is to learn to outline. That is, to record the main points, themes, ideas and uniqueness of the whole book or article in the form of an outline, and to reflect the general situation of the original literature. In the article "Three Sources and Three Components of Marxism", we can use a general method:
Marxism is the correct theory of development, which opposes capitalist employment slavery and is the successor of German classical philosophy, British political economy and French socialism.
Three sources and three components:
The first is Marxist philosophical materialism, which uses German classical philosophy, especially Hegel's system and Feuerbach's materialism, and then extends to the understanding of human society, forming historical materialism.
Second, Marx's research on political economy. Marx inherited and developed the viewpoints of Adam Smith and david ricardo in classical political economy, revealed the relationship between man and capital development, and then discovered surplus value, and formed Marxist economic theory on this basis.
Third, Marx came to the conclusion that there must be social forces to create a new society from utopian socialism, and combined with the first two points, he came to the theory of class struggle to turn utopian socialism into scientific socialism. Finally, learn to take notes. Record the experience, experience, feelings, comments, doubts and opinions after reading the literature. Reading notes are equivalent to preliminary analysis and research records, and are also the starting point for further research. (for example)
(2) Social investigation
Social investigation is another means of social science research, which is to conduct social investigation on a certain problem, analyze the results of the investigation, combine theoretical knowledge to study and form a paper. Social investigation mainly grasps the following principles: first, the principle of practice, we must conduct actual investigations instead of imagining them out of thin air; Second, the principle of seeking truth from facts, respecting objective facts and not changing the survey results at will; The third is the dialectical principle, that is, to examine affairs and social phenomena from the perspective of linking development and contradiction. In addition, an investigation report should be written, including title, preface, text, conclusion and appendix. Its main function is to show the truth of the investigation phenomenon and expose the facts, situations and experiences contained in it.
Social investigation plays little role in the study of Marxist theory, but as a research method of humanities and social sciences, it plays a great role in other disciplines. After mastering the means of social science research and accumulating a large number of documents, you can basically write a paper, but besides the novelty of the content, the format and language expression of the paper also have strict requirements.
Second, about the specific requirements of the paper format
Papers are academic achievements in related fields, and the latest research achievements or scientific discoveries in a certain field must be displayed in the form of papers. The academic level can be measured by the quality and quantity of published papers to a certain extent. This requires that the paper must have strict format requirements and professional academic language, and finally find a suitable channel for submission and publication. Thesis is mainly divided into degree thesis and periodical thesis.
(A), the paper format
Any paper, whether it is a periodical paper or a dissertation, has strict format requirements. Different journals have different requirements for the format of papers. Only a paper arranged in strict accordance with the format requirements is a complete paper.
(2) Academic language
1, accuracy
On the basis of expressing the objectivity and authenticity of things, language requires clear concepts, standardized grammar and clear conclusions; Clear structure, strong logic, can objectively and truly express things.
2. Abstraction
Grasping the rational scale and expressing abstract thinking abstractly are different from literary works. It does not need rhetorical metaphor, but uses academic language, professional language and minority language to express the truth behind the studied problem.
Step 3 be simple
Writing a paper is not about length, but about expressing the objective truth of things completely, and pursuing to express the views of the article in concise words, but also taking the accuracy of expression as the criterion, not for brevity. Of course, the article is not long, full of nonsense, clear thinking, logical and meaningful, and it is also a good article.
(3) learn to give.
After all the papers are completed, if you want to achieve academic results, you still need to submit and publish. Pay attention to several issues when publishing. First, find journals at different levels that suit you. You should evaluate your papers comprehensively and objectively and contribute to the journals that suit you. It's best to choose several journals, first to contribute to high-standard journals, then to medium-sized journals, and finally to low-level journals, with an interval of one month; Second, we should find reliable submission channels, mainly sample journals, journals of major universities and online knowledge; Third, if you want to see papers published quickly, you should also pay attention to the publishing cycle of major journals, that is, how often you publish articles, the sooner the better.