Paper Keywords: accident safety, psychological safety behavior
This paper analyzes the psychological factors that lead to unsafe behaviors by using safety psychology, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures according to the causes of these factors, so as to improve the safety management level of enterprises.
1 Introduction
In recent years, all kinds of production safety accidents have occurred frequently in China, which has brought great influence on people's production and life. A large number of accident statistics show that having advanced safety technology, facilities and equipment is not the "master key" to open the door to safety, and most accidents are related to people.
People are not only the victims of all kinds of accidents, but also the perpetrators, and they are the new force to prevent accidents and do a good job in safety production [1]. Therefore, in addition to continuing to strengthen public relations and investment in safety technology, we should also study human safety behavior. People's safety behavior depends not only on their excellent safety technical quality, but also on their safety psychological state. In view of this, the author discusses the influence of safety psychology on people's safety behavior from the perspective of safety psychology in order to improve the safety management level of enterprises.
2 safety psychology? Psychology is a regular science that studies the regularity of the occurrence and development of psychological process, the formation and development of personality psychology and the relationship between psychological process and personality psychology. The application of psychology in the field of security has formed security psychology [2].
Safety psychology is to study the law of psychological activities of workers in dealing with and overcoming unsafe factors in the production process. It includes safety psychological process and safety personality psychology. People must know the unsafe factors in the production process through feeling, perception and memory. In this process, it is accompanied by people's will process and emotional process, so as to finally judge and evaluate the unsafe factors. The psychological process of safety is carried out in production activities, and the psychological process of safety cannot be separated from the production activities of people with personality [2].
Analysis of psychological factors of unsafe behavior of three people
3. 1 attitude
Attitude refers to expressing your views on people and things in your words and deeds. Attitude can be defined as a tendency to behave in a specific way in a specific situation [2]. A person's attitude towards work directly affects his behavior. For example, worker A is dissatisfied with the severe criticism of the team leader at work, so he has a lot of complaints about it. In the following work, the attitude changed greatly, deliberately not operating according to the rules and regulations, and operating illegally, leading to accidents; Worker b has been engaged in the same job for a long time. He feels monotonous and boring, and his work attitude is not as positive as before. But with the attitude of "being a monk for a day and bumping into a bell for a day". His work vigilance is reduced, and he is careless and perfunctory, laying a hidden danger for the accident.
Therefore, in order to overcome the safety accidents caused by various bad attitudes in safety production, safety managers should try their best to overcome the phenomenon and style of "replacing education with responsibility and replacing presiding with punishment". At the same time, we should pay attention to enriching employees' cultural life, improving employees' work enthusiasm, alleviating workers' spirit and contradictions ideologically and concretely, so as to effectively eliminate employees' bad attitude towards safety work.
3.2 Emotion
Psychological factors that cause people's unsafe behaviors include people's emotional level disorder [2]. Because people are people in society, affected by the surrounding environment, including family, society, units and other objective conditions, they are prone to irritability, delirium, distraction, neglect one thing and be in a hurry; Or a high degree of joy, excitement, dancing, get carried away, will produce unsafe behavior, leading to accidents. For example, on the eve of holidays, most people can get excited; Marriage, love, quarrel, lovelorn and other reasons will lead to great emotional fluctuations, which will make people inattentive, absent-minded, unsafe behaviors such as operational errors, and lead to accidents.
The degree of emotional excitement is caused by external stimuli. Therefore, changing external stimuli can change the tendency and level of emotions. Only by paying attention to creating a healthy and stable psychological environment and reasonably controlling bad emotions from organizational management and individual subjectivity can we greatly reduce unsafe behaviors caused by emotional level obstacles [2].
3.3 motivation
Motivation is used to explain what people are trying to achieve and the motivation to pursue these goals. Psychologists point out that different motivation theories, especially the motivation in labor, may have different effects on safety because of different motives [2]. Motivation includes economic motivation, social motivation and self-realization motivation. For example, in order to increase production and get more rewards, safety is neglected, leading to accidents everywhere; For another example, if a person thinks that there is a requirement for self-growth in his work, then the ultimate goal of his work is to make himself successful in his career. In order to realize this motivation, he will consider his own safety in his work. Without safety, there will be no career achievement. Then, such people will always pay attention to their own safety behavior at work, and the probability of accidents will be very small.
3.4 Other abnormal psychology
In addition to psychological factors such as attitude, emotion and motivation, people's safety behavior is directly affected by the following abnormal psychological states.
3.4. 1 blindly follow the crowd
Blind conformity psychology is a kind of psychology that one's own behavior is influenced by others' behavior, so that one can't make judgments with one's own rationality and recognition ability. It is an inevitable reaction for people to adapt to group life. However, due to blind conformity, some unsafe thoughts, behaviors and actions are easy to flood, which seriously threatens safety in production [3]. Therefore, in safety production, we must completely change the herd mentality of "violating laws, regulations, disciplines and standards" into the herd mentality of "observing rules, disciplines and standards".
grasp the opportunity
Luck refers to trying to succeed or avoid disaster through accidental reasons. In life, everyone is inevitably lucky. However, if we take risks on safety-related issues, accidents will happen. Generally speaking, the main causes of fluky psychology are wrong empiricism and misleading of small probability events. Luck is actually a speculative psychology [3]. It is a fluke to keep the minimum safety factor with the greatest risk and get the maximum benefit return with the least investment. But this kind of "magic" can't stand the test of time, and most of them get lessons of blood and pain. If you have luck, you will learn. The luck of some predecessors will be a lesson for future generations. Yesterday's luck is a lesson for today. What's more, the luck just now is the immediate lesson. Therefore, we should always be alert to luck, strictly abide by rules and regulations, and have a sense of responsibility for enterprises and others. Only in this way can luck not threaten safety in production.
3.4.3 Adventure Psychology
For different people, adventure psychology is reflected in different aspects. In the minds of some business leaders, economic interests are always above everything else, and for the sake of production, profits and tasks, safety can only be sidelined; For the old employees, they know all about the equipment safety operation procedures, and even make clear the possible problems, but because of this, they have a conceited mentality out of thin air, thinking that they are in a high position, have not done anything wrong for decades, and have not listened to other people's advice. They even think that those procedures and measures are too troublesome, and illegal operation has become a habitual behavior, which eventually leads to great disaster; However, new employees lack the necessary understanding of the safety of their working environment and the operating procedures of their posts, but they try to be brave and want to show themselves, and they simply can't think of the serious consequences that their misoperation may cause, so naturally they have an adventurous mentality [4]. People who love adventure often only care about immediate gains and losses, regardless of objective effects. For such people, only patient education can make them pay attention to safety ideologically and avoid the breeding of adventurous psychology.