No matter in the United States, where the capital market is huge and complicated, or in China, where the capital market has just started, there have been many financial fraud incidents of listed companies. The occurrence of these events not only disturbed the normal order of the capital market, but also seriously damaged the economic life of various countries. The following is my graduation thesis on financial fraud for your reference.

Financial fraud graduation thesis model essay 1: Analysis of financial fraud Abstract: Modern accounting is the product of commodity economy. This paper analyzes the harms and causes of financial fraud, and advances some corresponding countermeasures. ?

Keywords: financial fraud; Harm; Reason; Governance?

1 What is the background and means of current financial fraud?

1. 1 background?

With the acceleration of global economic integration, accounting, as a business language, has further accelerated its internationalization process, which is the general trend and the same-sex topic that management circles all over the world are paying attention to today. Modern accounting is the product of commodity economy. ?

In order to adapt to the reform of China's economic system, China began to reform in the accounting field in the early 1990s. Accounting reform is a category with rich connotation and extensive extension, which includes the reform of accounting system, accounting means, accounting management system, accounting education and accounting concept. Among them, the reform of accounting system is the essence and core of accounting reform, which is not only the decisive factor for the success or failure of accounting reform, but also reflects the quality of accounting reform. ?

What does 1.2 mean?

From a technical point of view, the means of corporate fraud can be divided into two categories: one is through illegal means, such as fictitious economic transactions; The other is to manipulate accounting information by legal means, that is, to make use of the defects of existing accounting laws and regulations and the choice of accounting policies. ?

1 Use the structure of economic business that is essentially false to resort to deceit. Specifically, fabricating false original documents by forging, obtaining false tickets, making false documents, etc.; Using fictitious accounting vouchers to conduct transactions with affiliated enterprises and fabricate false accounting vouchers; Fabricate false financial reports through cell profit and loss, untrue statements and other methods. ?

2. Use the defects of current accounting laws and regulations and the choice of accounting policies to manipulate accounting information. Commonly used methods include fictitious sales revenue, filling distribution channels, and adopting entrusted sales. A perfect internal control system is the basis to ensure the timely provision of reliable and accurate accounting information for enterprise management. ?

2 the harm of financial fraud?

1 seriously destroyed the market economic order. Market economy is a kind of credit economy, and accounting credit is the cornerstone of this economic activity chain. Without credit, various social and economic relations formed by market economy cannot be successfully established and maintained for a long time. ?

2. Infringe on the interests of users of accounting data. With the diversification of market investors, the demand for objective and accurate accounting information is not only the rights and obligations of unit accountants, but also affects the users of relevant accounting information more and more widely. ?

3 detrimental to the accounting team's own image. Accounting practitioners don't pay attention to honesty, and as a result, those who are light are transferred from accounting posts, while those who are heavy are punished according to laws and regulations, which greatly damages the good image of the accounting team. ?

4. Endangering the survival of the business entity itself. The market is fair. If you lose your integrity, there is no premise of voluntary equality to cheat, you can only brew your own bitter fruit and lose your foothold. The painful facts of the former giants An Ran Company and WorldCom Company speak for themselves. ?

3. What are the reasons for financial fraud?

3. 1 the root of accounting fraud-separation of the two powers?

There are different opinions about the causes of accounting fraud, mostly from different sides and from a unique angle. If we think about this problem through appearances, it is not difficult to find that "separation of two rights" is the fundamental reason for accounting fraud. ?

The separation of the two rights is the product of economic development and the necessity of social progress. In the process of separation of the two rights, there will inevitably be contradictions between capital owners and capital managers. The final result of the contradiction is that the capital managers falsify the cost, the income and the surplus, and the accounting fraud comes into being unconsciously. 3.2 The direct cause of accounting fraud-profit-driven?

In 200 1 year, among the more than 100 listed companies investigated by China Securities Regulatory Commission, most of them were publicly condemned and criticized by Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges because of accounting fraud. It should be said that the separation of the two rights is only a necessary condition for accounting fraud. In other words, there will be no accounting fraud without the separation of the two rights, but will the separation of the two rights definitely lead to accounting fraud? The answer is not necessarily. The direct cause of this accounting fraud in enterprises is profit-driven. ?

1 political interests. Careful analysis of accounting fraud companies shows that both listed companies and non-listed companies are mostly well-known large companies in the country or local areas, and even local pillar industries. However, with the change of market and competition pattern, these enterprises can't keep up with the changed situation, the management mode is outdated and their products have lost their competitiveness. Some individual business leaders, in order to preserve their past honor and maintain the image of business leaders, and to gain political capital, do whatever it takes to add luster to the accounts, spend a lot of time on the table and falsely report their output value, income and profits. What's more, in some places, in order to maintain the image of the local or departmental authorities, the competent authorities consciously guide enterprises to make false accounts, and the administrative intervention banks to lend money to enterprises, so as to solve the problem of enterprises falsely reporting profits and paying taxes. ?

2 Economic benefits. Economic interests drive accounting fraud mainly in two aspects: one is to raise funds. The company law has strict regulations on the listing of joint stock limited companies, such as making profits for three consecutive years before listing. After listing, some listed companies have intensified their efforts by forging purchase and sale contracts, forging export customs declarations, falsely issuing special invoices for value-added tax, forging tax-free files and forging financial bills. In order to reach the qualified line of "the average return on net assets in the last three years is above 65,438+00%, and it must be higher than 6% in any year of the calculation period". The second is tax evasion. According to the figures released by the Ministry of Finance, more than 80% of enterprise accounting information in 1998 is distorted, and more than 90% of enterprise accounting elements in 1999 are inaccurate. Excluding objective distortion factors, a large proportion is tax evasion. ?

3.3 The indirect cause of accounting fraud-poor supervision?

In daily work, there are often phenomena such as non-compliance with laws, lax enforcement of laws, and failure to investigate violations of laws, which leads to weak legal awareness and weakened self-restraint ability of enterprises. When the financial behavior of an enterprise conflicts with accounting laws and regulations, it is often one-sided to emphasize invigorating the operation and relax the supervision of violations. Moreover, at present, the supervision standards of accounting supervision, financial supervision, audit supervision and tax supervision are not unified, and the management of each department is fragmented and the functions overlap, which leads to the failure to organically combine various kinds of supervision and effectively play a supervisory role as a whole. Although the relevant departments should check the tax and financial prices every year, and accounting firms should audit and verify the accounting statements every year, its regularity, standardization, breadth, depth and intensity can not provide strong support for the internal accounting supervision of enterprises, and it is difficult to form an effective re-supervision mechanism. As a part of the national supervision system, internal audit represents the national interests and ensures the implementation of national financial laws and regulations through the supervision and control of enterprise economic activities. Under various pressures, unit leaders have to set up an internal audit department. However, the internal audit can never solve its real independence problem from the affiliation or interest relationship, so this kind of audit supervision can not fundamentally curb accounting fraud. In addition, the improper intervention of local authorities or competent authorities in the private audit business forces certified public accountants to make some unrealistic audit reports, which greatly weakens the notarization function of audit reports. ?

Poor supervision objectively encourages the rampant accounting fraud, leading to the distortion of accounting information and a vicious circle of accounting fraud. ?

4 the governance of financial fraud?

4. 1 Effectively perform the responsibilities of the responsible entity of the unit?

It should be noted that in reality, the phenomenon of accounting information distortion induced by poor professional quality and moral hazard of accountants is not the mainstream, but more passive fraud and distortion and dishonesty instigated by the person in charge of the unit. Article 4 of the new Accounting Law clearly stipulates: "The person in charge of the unit is responsible for the authenticity and integrity of the accounting work and accounting data of the unit". It is clear that the person in charge of the unit is the first responsible person for the authenticity and integrity of accounting information, which increases the responsibility of the person in charge of the unit. Therefore, it is clear that the person in charge of the unit is the subject of accounting responsibility, which also grasps the key to the problem. Only when the person in charge of the unit realizes that he is legally responsible for the authenticity and integrity of the accounting work and accounting data of the unit can he be urged to attach importance to accounting work, strengthen accounting management, take effective measures to ensure the authenticity and integrity of accounting data, and stop instigating, instigating and forcing accounting institutions and accountants to make false accounts. ?

4.2 Establish a civil compensation system to increase the cost of fraud?

The first is to increase penalties. For malicious counterfeiters, it is necessary to increase penalties, and to impose economic or criminal penalties on counterfeiters and their responsible persons through legislation and law enforcement. Not only will you have to pay the price of reputation, but those who have serious consequences will also go to jail, so the price paid by counterfeiters far exceeds the income. At the same time, strengthen the inspection of accounting information of listed companies, greatly increase the cost of accounting fraud, and fundamentally curb the momentum of repeated and intensified accounting fraud. ? The second is to establish a civil compensation system as soon as possible. Although there have been many incidents of corporate accounting fraud in China, so far, there has not been a real civil compensation case against corporate fraud, and shareholders have not received any compensation from illegal companies. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a civil compensation system as soon as possible, so that victims can bring a lawsuit against those involved in fraud, whether they are company investors or operators, lawyers, appraisers or accountants, as long as the legitimate interests of citizens are infringed. ?

4.3 Improve the professional quality and professional ethics of accounting practitioners?

Accountants are the processors of economic information, and their quality will directly affect the quality of accounting information. Therefore, accountants need to constantly update their knowledge, master the accounting theory in line with the economic development situation, and strengthen the continuing education of accountants in combination with the introduction of new national accounting standards and regulations to promote the continuous improvement of their professional level. It is necessary to do a good job in the admission of accounting personnel, effectively raise the threshold for accounting practice, enrich a group of outstanding young backbones with high political quality, strong professional skills and strong work ability into the accounting team, consciously * * * and supervise accounting dishonesty to ensure the quality of accounting information. At the same time, do a good job in accounting professional ethics education, so that they love their jobs, be honest and trustworthy, be honest and self-disciplined, be objective and fair, adhere to principles, improve their skills, participate in management and strengthen their services. ?

4.4 Strengthen publicity and education to control accounting dishonesty?

Integrity should be social integrity, including all aspects and links of social relations, including the behavior of natural persons and legal organizations. Abiding by the rules of honesty and accepting honesty education should be the code of conduct of everyone who has full responsibility in a certain range, and it is a bond that forms interdependence. Without it, its inheritance may not last or continue. Therefore, we must strengthen the construction of accounting credit system. ?

What is accounting integrity? Simply put, it is not to make false accounts, which is also an important inscription for Shanghai National Accounting Institute. "Do not make false accounts" is indeed the best interpretation of accounting integrity, specifically, it is to prepare accounting statements and audit them according to the original vouchers and accounting standards and principles. ?

We have an obligation to take the lead in practice. For the main body of the enterprise, establishing and advocating the business philosophy of honesty is the criterion for the enterprise to develop and restrain its own economic behavior. In addition, we should give full play to the supervisory role of public opinion, including the role of the media, widely publicize the concept of honesty, make the whole society realize the importance of honesty, strengthen the concept of "honesty is glorious and dishonesty is shameful", and create a social atmosphere of "honesty is respected and dishonesty is despised". Only when all market participants carry forward the moral fashion of honesty and trustworthiness can accounting dishonesty be effectively prevented. ?

4.5 master the original documents to prevent counterfeiting from the original head?

The original voucher is a written voucher obtained or filled in when an economic business event occurs or is completed, which is used to prove the occurrence or completion of an economic business event. In economic activities, illegally obtaining or filling in, forging or altering original vouchers to defraud income, accountants conduct accounting based on untrue original vouchers, resulting in a series of accounting information distortion. Therefore, to control fraud, we should start from the source of the original documents. Fill in the original vouchers according to the requirements of the Accounting Law and the Basic Accounting Work Standard. For economic and business matters, original vouchers must be filled in or obtained in time and sent to accounting institutions, and accounting institutions and accountants shall review the original vouchers according to the provisions of the unified national accounting system. The original vouchers that are true, lawful and reasonable, but with incomplete contents and incorrect filling, shall be returned to the relevant handling personnel, who shall be responsible for completely supplementing the relevant vouchers, correcting errors or re-issuing. ?

4.6 improve the system and regulations, and improve the regulatory functions?

Standardized enterprises are the result of legal rules and institutional arrangements. Enterprises first exist as an economic phenomenon. In order to adapt to and promote the development of social economy, people design and create systems for enterprises through laws, endowing enterprises with universally applicable normative nature, making enterprises focus on economic phenomena and leap into the organizational level of enterprises, thus greatly promoting the development of social economy and the progress of enterprises. If the market economy is the foundation of the emergence and existence of modern enterprises, then the law is an indispensable condition for the development and prosperity of modern enterprises. ?

4.7 Establish an effective internal control system and strengthen the basic accounting work?

Internal control system is an important system of modern enterprise management, which can effectively protect the safety and integrity of enterprise assets and ensure the truthfulness and legality of accounting information. Strengthening the internal accounting integrity management of enterprises is the necessary premise and important foundation to improve the credit of market transactions in China. Enterprises need a lot of true and reliable information when they carry out business activities and make major decisions. Perfect internal control mechanism of accounting integrity can provide important credit basis for managers, investors and creditors to improve enterprise management, evaluate enterprise financial situation and make investment decisions. By establishing a strict internal accounting integrity control system, accounting statistics and other economic business accounting are made more reasonable, so as to prevent accounting fraud and fraud, improve the reliability of accounting vouchers, account books, statements and product output, and ensure the authenticity and reliability of accounting information, so that enterprises with poor credit records can be screened out in customer management of various enterprises, so that they have no opportunities and space for market activities. Therefore, we must strictly implement the Basic Accounting Work Standard, so that every link of daily accounting business processing and accounting file management can meet the requirements of standards and norms, and formulate the post responsibility system for accounting personnel, so that the division of labor is scientific and reasonable and the responsibilities are clear. At the same time, we should actively carry out activities to meet the standards of accounting professional ethics, make them regular and institutionalized, promote the standardization of accounting behavior, and improve the level of accounting professional ethics. ?

4.8 increase the punishment for accounting dishonesty?

According to the actual situation of our country, we should revise and improve the relevant laws and regulations, increase the punishment for false promises, and make the expected cost of fraud greater than the income of fraud; Those who provide false accounting information to investors, creditors and other users, resulting in mistakes and losses in decision-making, shall bear civil liability for compensation, and criminal liability shall be investigated if the circumstances are serious, so as to make counterfeiters unprofitable and fundamentally curb the manipulation of accounting information. At the same time, we should also pay attention to protecting the legitimate interests of enterprises, accounting intermediary service institutions and accounting personnel according to law, that is, improving the transparency of law enforcement and paying attention to protecting enterprises, accounting intermediary service institutions and accounting personnel with good business secrets and credit. At present, the legislative conditions are not mature, so we should formulate and supplement the legal provisions on accounting integrity as soon as possible. Further clarify the specific legal responsibilities and administrative responsibilities of * * * management departments, accounting intermediary service institutions, enterprises, unit heads and accounting practitioners, so as to facilitate practical operation and decision-making. ?

Therefore, in the future, we should strengthen the basic work of accounting, rectify the order of accounting work, and intensify efforts to control the accounting information distortion problems such as irregular accounting and off-balance sheet management. At the same time, further improve the system construction in legislation, effectively improve the corporate governance structure and its supervision, so that accountants can stand upright, consciously be dishonest in accounting, and dare to say "no" to accounting fraud, so as to safeguard good accounting professional ethics, truly take "honesty" as the foundation of living, and "not making false accounts" as the moral criterion, and win back the lost "accounting integrity". ?

Reference materials?

[ 1]? Li Shuhua. The improvement of audit independence and the deviation from audit market [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Sanlian Bookstore, 2004.

[2]? Wu Ge. The trap of financial reporting [M]. Beijing: Beijing Jinwen Publishing House, 2004.

Model essay 2: On the preventive measures of financial fraud Abstract Curbing financial accounting fraud is a complex systematic project, which must be unified, coordinated and comprehensively balanced from all aspects. Improve accounting integrity and purify the social environment; Perfecting accounting rules and reducing accounting manipulation space; Increase punishment and increase the cost of financial fraud; Establish and improve the internal accounting control system of enterprises; Strengthen the social supervision function of independent audit.

Accounting fraud, accounting integrity, accounting rules, accounting control system and social supervision

With the adjustment and change of economic policies, economic laws and regulations and accounting system, new financial fraud is constantly appearing, and it is impossible to prevent it. There are serious fictitious transactions, fictitious income and profits, financial fraud of manipulating profits and adjusting assets by using the defects of accounting standards and accounting systems, and financial fraud by other means. It is urgent to prevent and control financial fraud, which requires us to take a series of effective methods to combat financial accounting fraud. Curbing financial accounting fraud is a complex systematic project, which must be unified, coordinated and comprehensively balanced from all aspects.

First, improve accounting integrity and purify the social environment.

Accounting integrity expresses a basic commitment of accounting to society, that is, to objectively and fairly reflect objective economic activities and faithfully serve accounting information users. Integrity is particularly important in the accounting industry. In order to reduce and avoid the spread of financial fraud, we should improve accounting integrity, take credit as the lifeline of accounting work and purify the social environment.

1. Create credit * * *

* * * As people who hold public power, all levels enjoy and dominate taxpayers' money, which is essentially a contractual relationship with taxpayers. To pay attention to contracts and honesty, it is necessary to earnestly seek the interests of taxpayers, standardize the system construction and protect honesty, severely crack down on all kinds of dishonest behaviors such as counterfeiting, put an end to the exaggeration of "official figures and digital officials" and improve the credibility of * * *. If those who hold public power are not honest and do not benefit the people, they should also be punished accordingly. In this way, the construction of honesty and credit will have a foundation, get legal support and create an atmosphere of honesty and credit in the whole society.

2. Strengthen social integrity education

Honesty is not only a moral requirement, but also a basic game rule that enterprises and individuals must follow in the market economy. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out extensive publicity and education activities through various channels, so that people in the whole society can realize the importance of honesty and the harmfulness of dishonesty, and form a social environment and public opinion atmosphere in which honest people are respected and dishonest people are despised, so that "people who don't believe in it will decline, and the country will decline if they don't believe in it", "gentlemen love money in a proper way" and "injustice". Therefore, only by making honesty deeply rooted in people's hearts can accountants establish noble professional ethics and eliminate financial fraud.

Second, improve accounting rules and reduce accounting manipulation space.

In order to improve the quality of accounting information, China has successively formulated and revised a series of relevant accounting laws and regulations, such as Accounting Law, Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises, Provisions on Financial Accounting Reports for Business Enterprises, Accounting System for Business Enterprises, Basic Work Standards for Accounting, Detailed Rules for Disclosure of Financial Statements of Listed Companies, etc. The implementation of these laws and regulations has basically ensured the quality of accounting information and curbed the phenomenon of deliberately making false accounts, but accounting rules. Therefore, in order to control the distortion of accounting information, we must improve accounting laws and regulations.

1. Improve the procedures for formulating accounting standards.

First of all, accounting standards makers should disclose more relevant accounting knowledge to the public, especially the mature experience of countries around the world and the International Accounting Standards Board, so that the public can understand accounting standards and their corresponding interests in combination with their environment. Secondly, a more open and institutionalized system of soliciting opinions should be established. Even after the formal promulgation of accounting standards, this system is still necessary, because knowledge is not a static concept, and it is inevitable that accounting standards will be revised continuously with the changes of environment.

2. Improve the content of accounting laws and regulations

With the acceleration of economic internationalization, accounting internationalization has become inevitable. China must accelerate the pace of deepening accounting reform, further improve accounting standards and related accounting systems, standardize accounting behavior, avoid subjectivity and arbitrariness, and narrow the gap between accounting information and actual situation, which is the premise to ensure the quality of accounting information. First, further improve the accounting standards for enterprises, reduce the space for whitewashing financial statements, appropriately increase notes to financial statements, encourage enterprises to disclose non-financial information, further improve and strictly regulate the disclosure of related transactions, and strengthen the reporting and auditing of cash flow information. Second, on the basis of earnestly summarizing the implementation of the current accounting standards, according to the requirements of the development of market economy and securities market, a number of specific accounting standards that are coordinated with international practices and reflect the characteristics of China's economic development are issued in a timely manner to further improve the quality and transparency of accounting information and standardize the disclosure of accounting information. Third, in view of the fact that the accounting system will be in parallel with the odd-numbered standards for a long time, efforts should be made to improve the sensitivity of the accounting system and reflect the changeable and increasingly complex economic business in time. Fourth, in the process of formulating accounting standards, we should take a cautious attitude, handle the relationship between uniformity and flexibility of accounting standards, and avoid individual enterprises from using legal and unreasonable means to whitewash financial reports and manipulate corporate profits. Fifthly, the choice space of accounting policy should be narrowed as much as possible, and the provisions on accounting policy choice should be more specific.

Third, increase penalties and increase the cost of financial fraud.

As an economic subject, enterprises should follow the principle of cost-effectiveness in all their actions. Enterprise financial fraud is essentially a breach of contract. Whether an enterprise will choose to default mainly depends on the cost of default. When the expected cost of financial fraud is far lower than the expected income of fraud, it is difficult for enterprises not to have the impulse of fraud. Therefore, it is undoubtedly an important measure to increase the punishment for financial fraud and increase the cost of financial fraud. However, the current situation is: the trustworthy are not effectively protected, the faithless are not severely punished, and it has become an "open secret" for some enterprises or intermediaries to provide false accounting information. In addition, only a few counterfeiters have been punished, many enterprises and individuals have benefited from "breaking promises", and some people who are good at making false accounts have become talents that some enterprises compete to hire, which is very popular. In such an environment where the cost of dishonesty is too low, "good people will also become bad." The only way to change this situation is to increase the punishment, greatly increase the cost and risk of financial fraud, and make the counterfeiters lose more than they gain.

Four, establish and improve the internal accounting control system.

The internal accounting control system is the core of the overall framework of enterprise internal control. It is a control system formulated and implemented to improve the quality of accounting information, protect the safety and integrity of assets and ensure the implementation of relevant laws, regulations and rules. In order to implement the Accounting Law, promote the construction of internal accounting control system in various units, strengthen internal accounting supervision, improve the quality of accounting information, maintain the order of socialist market economy, and promote the healthy development of capital market, the Ministry of Finance issued the Basic Standards for Internal Accounting Control +0 in June 2006. Since then, the Ministry of Finance, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the People's Bank of China have successively issued a series of internal control laws and regulations and their supporting regulations, which have strengthened the internal accounting supervision and regulation of enterprises and institutions. The design of internal accounting control system should be guided by control objectives, based on business process control, and designed through control procedures and determination of key control points. It mainly includes fund-raising business control, foreign investment business control, foreign exchange purchase and payment control, monetary fund control, sales collection control, cost control, project control and external guarantee control.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) strengthens the social supervision function of independent audit.

1. Strengthen the supervision of CPA industry.

The Institute of Certified Public Accountants in China has always had problems of unclear nature and unclear responsibilities. It is not only a department-owned institution, but also a social non-governmental organization; There are both administrative functions and industry self-discipline. Therefore, what we should do now is to straighten out the functions and division of labor of the CICPA, the Ministry of Finance, the CSRC and other departments in the supervision of the CPA industry, and establish an industry supervision system that combines * * * administrative supervision with self-discipline of the CPA industry, with reasonable division of labor and comprehensive supervision.

In the long run, the * * department should create a good external environment for the CPA industry and promote its healthy development. * * * supervision should focus on monitoring and prevention, use administrative means and coercive force, give full play to the advantages of * * * supervision, and standardize the implementation order of the industry. At the same time, the Institute of Certified Public Accountants should earnestly strengthen the construction of self-discipline management system, and promote the industry to be more mature by enriching and perfecting the functions of self-discipline, supervision, management and coordination. Establish a member-centered industry self-discipline management system, provide technical support, legal aid, education and training, improve the professional environment and other services for members, and strengthen self-discipline supervision and restraint on members' integrity awareness, professional ethics and professional quality.

2. Strengthen the audit independence of certified public accountants.

Independence is the soul of CPA audit, including formal independence and substantive independence. Formal independence means that the certified public accountant must have no special interest relationship with the audited enterprise or individual. Substantial independence, also known as mental state or self-confidence, requires certified public accountants to maintain strict detachment in the process of practicing, and not to protect any party, especially not to make their conclusions dependent on or subject to the influence and pressure of interest groups or people who hold objections. Certified public accountants shall follow the principles of independence, objectivity and impartiality when conducting audit, examination and review. We should maintain due professional prudence, maintain and improve professional ability, abide by professional norms such as independent auditing standards, and be diligent and conscientious. Judging from the major cases in domestic and foreign securities markets, the independence of certified public accountants has attracted much attention.

3. Strengthen the communication between former and former certified public accountants.

Judging from the financial fraud in China in recent years, there is a phenomenon that accounting firms change too frequently in the securities market. Due to the influence of bad practice environment and bad competition among firms, some listed companies buy audit opinions by changing firms, which greatly harms the interests of investors. In the current accounting information disclosure regulations, it is required to disclose major matters including the change of accounting firms in time to curb the potential purchase of audit opinions by listed companies.

References:

[1] Lu Xiaonan, Fu Hao. Research on Financial Fraud of Listed Companies in China. Shanghai stock exchange research center.

[2] Li Jinfeng. Financial fraud control of listed companies. Cooperative Economy and Technology, 2006, 10.

[3] Wang Xiaoming. Motivation and governance of corporate financial fraud. Modern management science, 2006, 4.