1.EAST fully superconducting noncircular cross-section tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device On September 26th, 2006, on the first day of the physical discharge experiment, the East superconducting tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device invested by the National Development and Reform Commission successfully obtained a high-temperature plasma discharge with a current of more than 200 kA and a time of nearly 3 seconds, which marked that the world's first fully superconducting noncircular cross-section tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device was first built and officially put into operation in China. 2. New progress in experimental and theoretical research on controllability of nano-quantum structures. In the past few years, the research group of Institute of Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences has exerted international influence on the exploration of nanostructures, assembly rules and physical properties of unit devices around the basic problems of nano-electronic devices. In 2006, a series of important progress was made, and systematic work was gradually formed. 3. Drawing the distribution map of cosmic rays in the sky, it is found that the distribution of cosmic rays is anisotropic, and the motion law of cosmic rays is systematically analyzed in the journal Science (65438+2006120 October), which is based on the experimental data of nearly 40 billion observation cases accumulated by the Tibet Atmospheric Shower Detector Array of the Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory in China in recent nine years. Physicists from China and Japan jointly published the latest results about the anisotropy of high-energy cosmic rays and the rotation of cosmic ray plasma around the center of the Milky Way with interstellar gas and stars. The frontier progress of these experimental observations has been praised by critics as a "milestone" important achievement in the field of cosmic ray research. 4. A major breakthrough has been made in the technical development and industrial test of methanol to low-carbon olefins. A major breakthrough was made in the industrial pilot project of "Technical Development of Methanol to Low-carbon Olefin (DMTO)", which was co-operated by Dalian Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shaanxi Xinxing Coal Chemical Technology Development Co., Ltd. and Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Company of China Petrochemical Group. In an industrial experimental plant with a daily output of 50 tons of methanol, the conversion rate of methanol is nearly 100%, the selectivity of ethylene is 40. 1%, the selectivity of propylene is 39.0%, and the selectivity of low-carbon olefins (ethylene, propylene and butene) is over 90%. The successful operation of the experimental device is of great economic and strategic significance to the comprehensive utilization of energy and the diversification of low-carbon olefin raw materials in China. 5. Godson 2E Universal 64-bit Processor The Godson 2E Universal 64-bit processor is the highest-performance general-purpose processor in the world except the US and Japan, and it is also the first processor in Chinese mainland that adopts 90 nm design technology. The Loongson 2E processor developed by Institute of Computer Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences has the highest frequency of 1.0GHz, and the measured performance is higher than that of Pentium IV processor 1.5GHz. It has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, high performance and high security. The power consumption of Loongson 2E processor is between 3 watts and 8 watts under different working conditions. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, Loongson processor will make greater contribution to the informatization of China. 6. Laser-induced fluorescence non-contact monitoring technology and equipment system for water pollution Water is an indispensable and important resource in human production and life activities. Rivers, lakes, reservoirs and offshore waters in China are generally polluted to varying degrees, and the water pollution is getting worse year by year. Anhui Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences uses laser-induced fluorescence monitoring technology to realize remote sensing of water pollution. The system integrates optical remote sensing technology, spectroscopy, analytical chemistry, electronic technology and computer technology, and realizes online remote sensing of multi-component organic matter in water by laser-induced fluorescence spectrometry, which develops and improves the technical level of online remote sensing of water pollution in China. 7. Scientists in China Discover the New Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Harmo's Disease On June165438+1October 19, 2006, the online edition of Nature Medicine, an internationally renowned academic journal, published the latest research results on the new mechanism of amyloid β protein by the research group of Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This result reveals the new pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Harmo's disease, and suggests that β2 adrenoceptor may become a new target for developing drugs to treat Alzheimer's Harmo's disease. 8. Breakthrough progress has been made in the research of new antidiabetic drugs in China. In 2006, scientists from Shanghai Institute of Pharmacology, China Academy of Sciences made important progress in the field of non-peptide small molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, and the related results were published in the online edition of the international authoritative scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) in the first week of 2007 1 month. In a written press release to the media, the editorial department of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences pointed out that this oral effective non-peptide small molecule agonist may become a new treatment for diabetes, obesity and other related metabolic diseases. 9. Reveal the mystery of Drosophila memory and explore the neurobiological basis of memory. The latest research results of the research group of Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences on Drosophila revealed that there is no general memory center in the brain of Drosophila, but different sensory memories are stored in different areas. Just as humans can remember different parameters such as image height, size and color, the image memory of Drosophila also has different parameters. By studying the memory genes of Drosophila melanogaster, it can be further applied to mice, mammals and even humans, thus solving mental diseases such as insomnia and Alzheimer's disease. 10. Terminal control technology and application of drinking water quality safety risk In order to evaluate the water quality in time and deal with emergencies, the Center for Ecological Environment Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry of China Academy of Sciences jointly developed the biological online monitoring and early warning technology suitable for terminal water quality monitoring, established and improved the biotoxicity detection method, and formed a technical system for water quality evaluation at molecular and cellular levels. The key technologies of research and development have independent intellectual property rights, * * * has produced 22 invention patents and published 6 1 paper, of which 23 papers have been included in SCI.

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