Abstract: Situational teaching method is a widely used teaching method in modern teaching. Taking the filling and sealing of ampoules as an example, this paper shows the specific application of situational teaching method in pharmaceutical practice teaching in higher vocational colleges, and discusses the problems existing in the application of situational teaching method in pharmaceutical teaching. Situational teaching method can not only enliven the classroom atmosphere, stimulate students' interest in learning, but also develop students' learning potential and improve their ability to analyze and solve practical problems.
Key words: pharmacy; Practical teaching; situational teaching
1 The Positive Significance of Situational Teaching Method in Pharmacy Teaching
Pharmacy is a comprehensive technical science that studies the basic theory, prescription design, production technology, quality control and rational application of pharmaceutical preparations. It is one of the core courses of pharmacy major in higher vocational colleges, and its task is to cultivate high-quality technical and skilled talents who have the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical operation skills and can engage in pharmaceutical preparation production, process technology management and quality control in the field of pharmaceutical preparations [1]. One of the main tasks of pharmacy is to master the quality control of pharmaceutical preparation production technology and process, as well as the use and maintenance of commonly used preparation equipment, and to have the professional ability to engage in post operation of commonly used pharmaceutical dosage forms. Pharmacy curriculum emphasizes both theoretical teaching and practical teaching, and the combination of theory and practice. Guided by job requirements and centered on vocational skills training, students' professional quality will be comprehensively improved. Highlight the characteristics of pharmaceutical education in higher vocational colleges, combine the practice of pharmaceutical work, strengthen the teaching of combining theory with practice, and pay attention to students' unit operation and comprehensive skills training. Therefore, the author's pharmacy teaching and research section adopts various teaching forms such as case teaching method and situational teaching method to cultivate students' practical ability. Situational teaching method is widely used in modern teaching. At the beginning of the 20th century, Palmer and others put forward situational teaching method after a long-term scientific and systematic study of foreign language teaching. Situational teaching method refers to a method in which teachers purposefully introduce or create specific situations in the teaching process to arouse students' certain sensory experience, so as to help students understand and acquire knowledge in a more intuitive form and make students' psychological function develop in a dynamic and atmosphere. Teachers create specific situations in classroom activities, which can help students understand and master specific knowledge and skills, enhance students' interest in classroom teaching, make students willing to participate in classroom teaching, make students feel refreshed about unfamiliar knowledge, enhance students' initiative in learning, improve classroom efficiency and complete learning tasks easily and happily. Taking the filling and sealing of ampoules as an example, this paper discusses the specific application of situational teaching method in pharmaceutical practice teaching in higher vocational colleges.
2 the specific application of situational teaching method in pharmacy teaching
In order to create the production scene of ampoules, we filled ampoules in the pharmaceutical preparation training workshop. The pharmaceutical preparation training workshop was completed in 2007, with a building area of 1 1,000 square meters. The design and construction of training workshop is the requirement of simulating GMP, and it is highly simulated. The workshop is equipped with men's and women's dressing rooms and more than 30 unit operation rooms for water distribution, fermentation, extraction, solid preparation, packaging and ampoule preparation, and is equipped with commonly used pharmaceutical machinery and equipment, which can be used to cultivate students' unit operation skills and comprehensive training. On-site teaching mode is adopted in pharmaceutical preparation training workshop. On the one hand, it can improve students' operating skills on a single device; On the other hand, through the complete training of preparation production projects, students can understand the problems and solutions that are easy to occur in production, improve the comprehensive application ability of the knowledge they have learned, and finally produce qualified products. In the teaching process, it is necessary to create a working situation, start with the task, learn the ways and means to complete the task, and find out the reasons. To enable students to master the necessary pharmaceutical preparation skills and improve their comprehensive vocational ability.
2. 1 Learn the responsibilities of ampoule filling and sealing.
First of all, the teacher introduced the post responsibilities of ampoule filling and sealing, including dress preparation before employment and pre-production preparation after employment. It is emphasized that in the process of filling and sealing, the Standard Operating Procedures for Ampoule Filling and Sealing and the Standard Operating Procedures for Bottle Drawing and Sealing Machine should be strictly implemented according to the production instruction, and the liquid should be prepared according to the specified procedures. In the process of filling and sealing, the quantity, appearance and clarity of ampoules should be strictly checked to ensure that the injection meets the quality standards. After filling and sealing, clean it according to regulations. Fill in the production records and settlement records carefully, make them accurate, timely and clear, and make them complete and clear, and submit them to the workshop management personnel on time. It is emphasized that it is forbidden to leave the post without permission during work, not to do anything unrelated to the post work, to improve safety awareness, to check the operation of equipment at any time, and to report any faults found during operation. When the work is finished or the variety is changed, the site shall be cleared in strict accordance with the SOP of the post, and the identification plate shall be hung after passing the inspection by the quality supervisor. Teachers fully emphasize the importance of job responsibilities and guide students to understand the work content and requirements of potting posts.
2.2 Preparation before production
Under the guidance of the teacher, students enter the potting post of the training workshop to operate. First, lead students to do a good job of preparation before production, including receiving batch production records (including instructions) and blank status marks, checking whether the potting room, ALG series ampoule drawing and potting machine, containers and tools have clean status marks in turn, and checking the temperature and relative humidity within the validity period and recording them. After passing the inspection, remove the site status identification plate and replace it with the status identification in production operation and equipment operation, indicating the name, batch number, specification, production batch, production post, production date, operator and auditor of the drugs produced in this position.
2.3 Teachers' explanation and demonstration
After completing the preparation before production, the teacher explained the structure and working principle of ALG series ampoule drawing and filling machine on the spot, and guided the students to operate, which deepened their understanding and application of theoretical knowledge. Before starting the machine, clean and disinfect the feed hopper, discharge hopper, toothed plate and the outer wall of the potting machine with 75% ethanol solution, and then install the pouring system. Then start the operation, put the qualified ampoule into the hopper, open the air valve, ignite and adjust the flame, start the motor and start the trial operation. Adjust the position of the needle, check whether the depth and position of the needle inserted into the ampoule are appropriate, and adjust the filling amount. Adjust the operation of each part of the potting machine to the standard required for production and start potting. When filling and sealing, check the filling quantity every 20 ~ 30 minutes. Pick out defective potting products at any time with tweezers. After filling and sealing, close the air valve, turn off the power supply, unplug the power plug, disassemble the filling system, and clean and disinfect according to the "Cleaning and Disinfection Procedure for Filling and Sealing Machine".
2.4 student grouping operation
A group of two students, the teacher on-site guidance.
2.5 Licensing and discussion
After the production, the students cleared the field, and the teacher led the students to judge the quality of the ampoule, guided the students to analyze the causes of quality problems and put forward solutions, deepened their understanding of theoretical knowledge and completed the experimental report. The key of situational teaching method is the setting of situation. Most practical courses of pharmacy need scenes, that is, the pharmaceutical factory where students will work in the future. Therefore, teachers should do the following three things: first, the management should be consistent, and the experimental class should be managed according to the management mode of the pharmaceutical factory; Second, the procedures should be consistent. Teachers should describe the real working atmosphere and simulate the real working environment as much as possible when proposing tasks, and meet the requirements of the pharmaceutical factory as much as possible from raw material collection to production start-up according to the workflow of the pharmaceutical factory. Finally, the product quality meets the requirements of the pharmaceutical factory as much as possible. Only by meeting these three requirements can our situational teaching really achieve the teaching purpose.
3. Problems in the application of situational teaching method in pharmacy teaching
In practice teaching, we find that situational teaching method is also difficult to implement.
3. 1 teaching staff
Because situational teaching method especially needs full interaction between teachers and students, if there are too many students, teachers will be too busy to achieve good teaching results. It is best to guide students in groups (4-6 people in a group) to ensure that each student can operate by hand and change "eye view" into "manual". However, at present, the lack of teachers and limited teaching hours in the experimental class has affected the actual teaching effect.
3.2 Hardware conditions
In order to ensure the teaching effect, the created scene should be as close as possible to the actual production conditions. Taking the filling and sealing of ampoules as an example, this course is conducted in the filling and sealing room of pharmaceutical training workshop, but the training workshop is designed to cooperate with practical teaching, and the production conditions are still far from those of pharmaceutical factories, so the quality of finished ampoules cannot be guaranteed. Pharmacy is a practical and operational discipline, which is closely combined with enterprise production. In the current fierce competition in the job market, higher vocational colleges must reform teaching, increase students' interest in pharmacy courses, improve the teaching effect of pharmacy practice courses, and strive to cultivate skilled talents with strong comprehensive ability for related pharmaceutical production enterprises and win employment competition opportunities for students. The application of situational teaching method in pharmaceutical practice course can enhance students' interest in classroom teaching, enhance their initiative in learning and improve classroom efficiency. On the premise of strengthening teachers, increasing teaching hours and improving hardware conditions, it is of great significance to actively carry out situational teaching method to improve teaching quality.
refer to
[1] Zhang Keping, Pan,, et al. Discussion on the reform of pharmaceutical experiment teaching in higher vocational colleges [J]. Vocational Education Forum, 20 13, (14):43-45.
[2] Lu Jiahao, Liu Ruixin, Chea Chang. On the Application of Situational Teaching in Classroom Teaching [J] Career Space-time, 2009,5 (3): 86-87.
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