Since the 1990s, the process of world globalization has been accelerating, and the global problems brought about by it have become increasingly prominent. Faced with the new situation, scholars turned their attention to Marx, hoping to find a good solution to the problem here. In this context, Marx's? World history? Be fully? Digging? Come out. Looking at the academic research now, there are many achievements, but there are also many differences, and this theory inevitably appears? Confused? Based on this, on the basis of full analysis, the author puts forward some thoughts on the study of this concept in today's academic circles.

First,? World history? Theoretical overview

? World history? As a concept, it has been studied since ancient times. Father of history? Herodotus, from studying the history of Persian war to talking about the cultural life of nearly 20 countries, gradually developed a kind of? A simple vision of world history? ; And modern? Father of historical philosophy? Will Vico? World history? The study of "history" was originally promoted from the field of history to the field of philosophy. Ideal eternal history? Concept to reveal the laws of world history. French utopian socialists Saint-Simon and Fourier passed the Rightists? World history? Reveal the stage and motive force of development to express the yearning and description of the future society; In the works of Hegel, the master of German classical philosophy, world history? As a kind of. Absolute idea? Logical development of, right? Absolute spirit? The process of self-realization.

Marx's? World history? Founded in 19 in the 1940s, although Marx did not systematically express his thoughts, he scattered them in 1844' s economic philosophy manuscript, German Ideology, Producers' Party Manifesto and later Das Kapital and Anthropology Notes, but Marx adopted the thoughts of his predecessors, especially Hegel? World history? Criticism and inheritance of thought, pointing out:? The transformation from history to world history is not? Self-awareness of the spirit of the universe or some abstract behavior of metaphysical ghosts is a pure material fact, which can be determined through experience. Everyone who lives a real life and needs food and clothing can prove this fact. ? At the same time, he further elaborated:? In this process of development, the range of activities of mutual communication among countries has been continuously expanded, and the original closed state of all ethnic groups has been more and more completely eliminated due to the increasingly perfect mode of production, communication and natural division of labor among different ethnic groups, and history has become the history of the world. For example, if Britain invents a machine, which takes away the jobs of countless workers in India and China and causes changes in the whole life style of these countries, then this invention will become a historic fact in the world. ? [1](p.46) In this way, Marx studied world history from the realistic and material premise and formed a scientific world history thought. At the same time, Marx also emphasized that the degree of liberation of each individual is consistent with the degree that history is completely transformed into world history. ? It regards the all-round development of human beings as the ultimate and only purpose of social development, which embodies Marx's view on? Realistic people? Besides, in the book, Marx passed? World history? This paper expounds the motive force of the development of world history? The development of social productive forces and universal social communication are the signs of the birth of world history? The formation of the world market, and the resulting? In the past, the self-sufficiency and fragmented state of local and ethnic groups was replaced by the mutual exchange and interdependence of all ethnic groups? Finally, in his later years, Marx focused on the development path of backward nation-states and the inevitability of the transition from capitalist world history to capitalist world history, gradually revealing? World history? Will the real mystery of development really? World history? From the mysterious? Paradise fantasy? Pull to the real world.

Second,? History of world philosophy? With what? History of historiography, world history?

For what? World history? At first, the study of "Liu" was only conducted from a historical perspective, which mainly refers to all the history since the birth of mankind. Unlike national history, it also refers to the name of a discipline that studies this history. For the works of Marx? World history? There are many differences in the definition of basic meaning in domestic academic circles. Most scholars believe that this concept contains four meanings: first, the development of productivity, communication and division of labor has promoted the development of history to world history; Second, the universal development of world communication formed by the global contact of capitalism has laid a material foundation for the future development of capitalist world history; Thirdly, the transformation from history to world history contains the all-round and free development of human beings; Fourth, different ethnic groups have different ways to integrate into world history. Some scholars also believe that the theory of world history can be summarized as the theory of world historical causes, the theory of double consequences of world historical times, the theory of world historical times and the theory of world historical individuals [3]. At the same time, many domestic scholars believe that Marx defined the basic connotation of world history in a philosophical sense, which is different from the previous world history in a historical sense. The author is skeptical about this, because through reading Marx's text and the research of domestic scholars, the author finds that Marx himself and later Marx researchers think that? World history? It doesn't always exist, and history as a world history is the result. Specifically, since the16th century, on the basis of large-scale industry and general exchanges among all ethnic groups, the overall world history has been formed day by day. It emphasizes the interaction and interdependence among ethnic groups, as well as the development and ultimate liberation of human beings. [2] (p119) It can be seen that the definition of this basic meaning is based on the world historical significance of historiography, and it has not been divorced from the research in the historical sense. It can be said that the research in the historical sense is the basis of Marx's theoretical research on the whole world history, and Marx's later works on the study of the history of oriental society, such as Notes on Anthropology, further enriched and perfected his? World history? Thought. Can you say something about him? World history? Thought is the combination of historiography and philosophy. The study of historiography made him rule out the relatively isolated history of various nation-states before16th century, and put forward? Through cafudin canyon? The theory of leaping development in eastern countries. Philosophical research is to promote logically, reveal the process of human practical activities from the perspective of the existence and development of historical subjects, and relate it with? Realistic people? These activities are closely related.

Third,? World history? With what? Globalization?

Looking at the current academic circles for? World history? In the discussion of ideas, most scholars equate world history with globalization, or say that world history is the source of globalization. The author is skeptical about such remarks. To understand this problem, we must first analyze what is? Globalization? .

According to research,? Globalization? This term was first put forward by Levi in 1985. He tried to use this term to describe the increasingly closely related world economic development. At the same time, there is still no unified definition of globalization in academic circles. A representative view is Habermas's Beyond the Nation-State published in 1998. What are the consequences of economic globalization? Structural transformation of the world economic system? . British sociologist Giddens said:? Globalization refers to a process of strengthening social relations around the world. Through this process, distant places are connected, and the undertakings between places influence each other. Globalization refers to the intersection of presence and absence, that is, social events and social relations that are far apart are intertwined with the local specific environment, and its purpose is to investigate how to reduce the constraints of the local environment on people's lives. ? [4] such definitions are too numerous to mention, which also shows that globalization is a complex concept, more refers to an economic globalization, and for? Globalization? There are three basic attitudes in academic circles at home and abroad. One is optimism, which holds that globalization is an irresistible fact and has brought new development to the world, which every nation-state cannot but face. The second is a pessimistic attitude that globalization is promoted by western developed countries such as the United States to developing countries such as China? Westernization? And then what? Differentiation? The new strategic means is a new tool for western countries to pursue hegemonism. The last one is the middle school, which thinks that globalization has advantages and disadvantages. To sum up, we can see that there are many similarities between globalization and world history, that is, both regard history as a progressive development process and the global expansion of capitalism as an inevitable stage of world historical movement. At the same time, both of them regard the interdependence of human beings, the breakthrough of regional existence and the closer relationship between nation-states as their theoretical core. However, we should also see the difference between the two. On the one hand, their ultimate value goals are different. The ultimate development goal of Marx's world history is that capitalism exists as a cause of world history. However, there are many differences in theoretical circles about the ultimate development direction of globalization, especially in western academic circles, where more people advocate it? Globalized capitalism? , such as the scholar Jacques? Ada advocates:? Is globalization to review the dominant position of capitalism as an economic system in the world space? , American scholar Aref? Derek also thinks that today's globalization means that capitalism has entered? Global capitalism? New stage, etc. On the other hand, what is the subject of the development of world history in Marx's eyes? Realistic people? The goal is also the free and all-round development of human beings. At the same time, he also saw the role of the bourgeoisie in creating world history, calling it? Unconscious subject? And then what? Globalization? The mainstream theory emphasizes the global flow of goods, capital and technology, in which the bourgeoisie dominates its development.

Therefore, it can be seen that Marx? World history? The richness of ideas and the complexity of globalization theory inevitably require us to treat them rationally, rather than simply equating them.

Fourth,? World history? With what? Eurocentrism?

Marx's? World history? Thought has great value, which should be recognized by academic circles at home and abroad, but in the view of some foreign scholars, Marx's? World history? Have a Eurocentric tendency, such as French scholar Michel? Levy published in the American magazine Socialism and Democracy (Spring 2000? The article published in the summer issue holds that Marx has two views on historical progress, closed and open. The so-called closed view of historical progress is actually hegelianism's teleological view. It shows a world view centered on Europe? . Is this world view still a closed dialectics? It can be found in some works of Marx. In these works, Marx seems to equate the historical progress of productivity development with starting from European cities, because the development of productivity will inevitably lead to socialism. ? [5] Similar views still exist among postmodern thinkers. Here, we have to replace Marx? Say it out loud Marx's? World history? It pays attention to all mankind, and its criticism is exactly the world history seen by Hegel. World spirit? Self-expression, and will? World spirit? Travel from the east to the west, and finally achieve the so-called vitality and realization in Germanic language? Objective truth and freedom? Unification? Germanic nationalism? . Marx's? World history? He does not admit that the world system has a specific center or is dominated by a certain nation. At the same time, his articles, such as China Revolution and European Revolution, The New War against China and British Rule in India, show his sincere appreciation of the anti-colonial struggle of the eastern countries and his deep sympathy for the colonial people, just like the American scholar Auguste? What does Nimitz think in his book entitled "The so-called Eurocentrism and Related Nonsense Marx and Engels"? Marx and Engels started socialism from a very early age. World historicity? As its basic viewpoint, the process has never confined its eyes to Britain or Europe. ? [6] Therefore, Marx's? World history? Can't be positioned as? Eurocentrism? On the contrary, he closely linked the liberation of mankind with the formation of world history.

As an important part of historical materialism? World history? The theory itself is full of richness and strong vitality, which provides us with a kind of? A vision of world history? And then what? Human research? To study the development of human society from a new angle, it is precisely because of this that we need to study it with objective and rational thinking, and we should not over-myth or simplify this idea.