First, the connotation and function of educational punishment
1. The connotation of educational punishment.
Educational punishment is to make students feel pain or shame by exerting some influence on their body and mind, but it does not harm the physical and mental health of the punished person, thus stimulating their repentance and progress and achieving the purpose of correcting their mistakes. Corporal punishment and disguised corporal punishment are punishments for students who feel very painful or extremely tired physically. They are violations of law and morality that harm students' physical and mental health. They are the product of feudal barbarism and autocracy, and are strictly prohibited by national laws, regulations, policies and teachers' ethics. There is an essential difference between the two.
2. The role of education and punishment.
Educational punishment plays an educational warning role. Punishment can help students understand the rules, distinguish right from wrong, cultivate their awareness of law and discipline, help maintain school discipline and rules and regulations, and form a good education and teaching mechanism and students' view of right and wrong. Punishment helps to form a correct public opinion, effectively resist the bad style of work among students and promote righteousness. Punishment is conducive to the establishment of an effective incentive mechanism, so that students have a sense of shame and honor; Punishment helps to cultivate students' ability to resist setbacks. If students are punished after making mistakes in the early stage, it will certainly enhance their ability to resist setbacks and be of great benefit to the formation of their good personality.
Second, the rationality and legitimacy of teachers' use of educational punishment methods.
1. Rationality of education punishment
The development history of human education proves that there are two forms of moral education that affect people's socialization. One is positive reinforcement, praise and reward; One is negative reinforcement, criticism and punishment. Corporal punishment and disguised corporal punishment deviate from the liberation of human nature and the essence of education, so now most countries in the world explicitly prohibit corporal punishment of students, but also clearly stipulate and retain educational punishment. The scale, institutionalization and activity of modern education meet the social demand for talents and need to establish perfect rules and regulations to ensure it. Students, as minors, can't completely exclude the compulsory influence of the outside world when they accept the external code of conduct and internalize it into their own code of conduct. Before they move towards self-discipline, heteronomy is often one of the only ways. Educational punishment is the right of teachers as social spokesmen to guide and correct underage students, and it also meets the internal needs of the development of educational activities to achieve educational goals and institutionalization. Because the normal conduct of school education activities requires a certain degree of discipline and order, the necessary punishment and punishment for violators requires not only the inculcation of teachers, but also strict discipline and system constraints, so that they can gradually develop from natural persons into social persons, which is a necessary means to achieve the school education goal. Education without punishment is incomplete, fragile and irresponsible. Therefore, Comenius pointed out that "the evil tendency must be stopped by strict discipline" and "blame, punish or reprimand when necessary".
2. The practical needs of applying the method of educational discipline.
At present, the basic education in China is undergoing a fundamental reform, advocating a democratic, equal and harmonious relationship between teachers and students, emphasizing student-oriented, fully respecting students' legitimate rights and personal dignity, caring about students' emotions, paying attention to their growth, advocating appreciation and encouraging education, and publicizing students' personality. However, at present, the only child in China accounts for the majority. Many students don't care about people, don't restrain themselves, don't cherish things, don't fulfill their obligations, simply emphasize rights and ignore obligations, only talk about freedom, don't care about laws and regulations, and despise the cultivation of traditional humanistic quality. When students have problems and mistakes, if they blindly "tolerate", "wait" and "accommodate", they will get used to the world making way for them and the "accepted" lifestyle. This kind of indifference and laissez-faire to students' violation of discipline is actually an immoral educational dereliction of duty. Makarenko, an educator in the former Soviet Union, said: "Appropriate punishment is not only the right of educators, but also the obligation of educators."
3. Education laws and regulations give teachers disciplinary power.
The prohibition of corporal punishment and disguised corporal punishment in national education laws and regulations does not mean that criticism and punishment are prohibited. Article 7 of the Teacher Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that teachers have the right to "guide students' learning and development and evaluate their conduct and academic achievements"; Article 28 stipulates that schools and other educational institutions have the right to "manage the identity of educators and implement rewards and punishments", which is an affirmation of teachers' disciplinary rights to some extent. Therefore, from the legal point of view, educational punishment is an educational power that schools and teachers impose negative sanctions on students' irregular behaviors in accordance with the law to prevent them from continuing to occur, thus promoting the emergence and consolidation of their normative behaviors. It is also a relatively compulsory power to maintain the normal order of education and teaching activities and ensure the normal development of education and teaching activities.
Third, teachers should follow the principle of combining education with punishment.
1. Educational punishment must be legal and instructive.
Teaching according to law is the primary accomplishment of teachers' morality. When formulating and implementing school rules and regulations, schools and teachers should take the law as the basis and give priority to respecting the legitimate rights and interests of students. Because students are young, inexperienced and have low cognitive ability, they sometimes don't realize their mistakes. This requires teachers to be emotional and rational when punishing students, guide students to analyze, recognize and reflect on their own mistakes, so that students can feel the care and love of teachers while being punished, so as to make corrections with conviction. For example, mcleod, the British Nobel Prize winner and inventor of insulin, wanted to see the dog's internal organs when he was in primary school. One day, he caught the headmaster's dog and slaughtered it for observation. The headmaster was very angry when he learned about it. But after finding out the reason, the principal punished him for drawing human bones and blood circulation diagrams. If he behaves well, he will be exempted from other disciplinary actions. Results The headmaster and the teacher were very satisfied with mcleod's drawing of human skeleton and blood circulation. Now these two paintings are kept in Piadan Museum in England. This admirable classic case of educational punishment deserves our teachers' deep thinking and reference. The purpose of educational punishment is not "punishment", but "quitting", and "punishment" is only a means of "quitting". In the process of punishing students, we must make them realize their mistakes and their harm, make up for them, and nip in the bud. Indiscriminately criticizing and reprimanding students, not respecting students' rights, and "punishing" for the sake of "punishing" will not only fail to achieve the educational purpose, but may also backfire, which may lead to students giving up on themselves, fighting, playing truant, committing suicide or committing crimes.
2. Education and punishment must be appropriate, fair, reasonable and reasonable.
In the real educational life, the exercise of the right of educational punishment lacks the control of "degree", and there will be situations in which extremes meet. In school, students are always in a weak position and are easily treated unfairly and unreasonably. When punishing students, teachers should pay attention not to be influenced by emotional factors, vent their unpleasant feelings in their work and life on students, and ask students to obey unconditionally, which makes the punishment lose its impartiality; Or influenced by the mindset, according to their previous impressions of students to judge, resulting in unreasonable punishment. When educating and punishing students, teachers must objectively analyze the nature and degree of students' violations, as well as their gender, age, physical condition, psychological endurance, emotional state, family status and specific violations. Because students are very different, the same punishment for violations of the same nature may have different effects. Teachers should vary from person to person and avoid using punishment when they are angry or emotional, so as to ensure that the punishment for students who violate the rules is fair, reasonable and reasonable.
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