First, the overall perception, fast reading skills: (1) browse the title and understand the basic content: the title sometimes implies the main idea, which can inspire the thinking of the article and provide directions for answering questions.
(2) Determine the style (narrative, argumentative, expository and prose) and analyze the key meaning. (3) Read the beginning and the end carefully and try to figure out the theme: the beginning and the end can often find the center expressed by the author. Second, the source of the answer: a select the keywords or sentences in the original text and materials (such as grasping argumentative sentences, lyric sentences and special rhetorical sentences, key adjectives and verbs in paragraphs).
B. select the main and eliminate the secondary. In other words, summarize the sentences in your own words or materials first, and then merge and condense them, leaving key sentences.
Third, friendly reminder: 1 Pay attention to the examination of questions, understand the intention of the questioner, and answer questions around the requirements of the questions to prevent irrelevant answers. (2) Identify the style and answer according to the style knowledge; Answers should be organized and standardized.
3 When opening a topic or talking about opinions and feelings, we must combine the central intention (central argument) of the article to diverge. We can appropriately extract the key sentences in the article to answer, and try our best to sum up the actual feelings and quote relevant famous sayings and aphorisms or American prose. Fourth, please refer to the special training of modern reading problem-solving guidance. V. Memorandum of Stylistic Knowledge: Explain the text reading 1, and clearly explain the object: analyze and explain the object can be: a. Look at the title of the article; B. Analyze and summarize according to the contents of explanatory paragraphs. 2. General description content: The description content of the description text can generally be summarized as follows: This paper mainly explains the structure, shape, nature, characteristics, changes, reasons, working principles and functions of the description object.
(It depends on what the specific audience is) 3. Clearly explain the order: chronological order, spatial order, logical order. The common logical sequences are: a. From generalization to concreteness; B. from the whole to the part; C. from primary school to secondary school; D. from phenomenon to essence; E. from cause to effect; From characteristics to uses.
Generally speaking, the explanation of things adopts the logical order of explanation. 4. Clearly explain the method (1). Explanation method: a. Definition (mode: what is what); B. examples; C. comparison; D. column number; E. analogy; F. classification; G. List the chart (2) The function of analysis and interpretation methods: a. First indicate the interpretation methods used; B, then contact the description content analysis. What characteristics does this description show?
5. Accuracy of the explanatory language answer specification: A: It can't be deleted. "xx" means …, and after it is removed, it becomes …, which affects the accuracy of the explanatory language. (unrealistic or too absolute) 6. Clearly explain the structure of the text (as the basis for dividing the hierarchy): common structural modes: total-subtotal, subtotal, total-subtotal, etc. The description of things is mostly general, and its "sub" parts are often arranged side by side.
Read the argumentative essay 1 and find the right argument: title, beginning, end of the article, and the obvious need to be concise and summarized. You can also find an argument by analyzing it.
Because an argument proves an argument, analyze this argument and see what it proves. This question is an argument. Or analysis of topics, some topics are not arguments, but argumentative topics, and the author's view on the topic is the central argument.
2. Analysis of argument types: factual argument and rational argument. Test center: add an independent variable; (Stick to the argument and choose real typical cases) 3. Clear demonstration methods: for example, reasoning, metaphor and comparison. The general principle of argument is to use famous sayings as arguments.
Metaphorical argumentation refers to the metaphorical rhetorical devices used in argumentation statements. Comparative argument generally needs to find out both positive and negative arguments.
Test center: the role of analysis and argumentation: 1. Point out the demonstration methods used; 2. Analyze which viewpoint of the author is proved by this argument method. (generally, it is the central sentence of this paragraph (the beginning of the paragraph) or the previous sentence of the argument method adopted. 4. Argumentation structure: general structure: asking questions-analyzing problems-solving problems (that is, introduction-theory-conclusion).
5. Analyze the linguistic features (accuracy and generality) of argumentative writing. 6. An argumentative essay usually begins with something, a famous saying, a fable, etc. So their role is: as an introduction, lead to the topic.
7. In argumentative writing, rhetorical questions are often used as transitions and rhetorical questions are used to express emphasis. (1) The function of rhetorical questions is to attract readers' attention, inspire readers to think and make them think.
(2) The function of rhetorical questions (rhetorical sentences): strengthen the tone, emphasize the author's point of view and make people think. Narrative reading 1. Problem-solving skills: For details, please refer to the special training of Modern Chinese Reading Problem-solving Guide 2. Stylistic knowledge: 1 Narrative order: direct narration, flashback and interpolation.
Flashback: Write down the ending or the most prominent segment of an event first, and then write down what happened and what happened. Flashback function: Flashback is generally to highlight the center, make the content centralized and sharp contrast, or make the narrative vacillate, or cause structural suspense and myth.
2. Narrative clues: Generally speaking, there are: time as the clue, events (something, changes in place, changes in feelings, feelings of "me") as the clue. 3. Narrator: (1) The role of the first person (narrated in the tone of' I') Writing method: Narrating as the party makes the story appear true (as a witness of the story), natural and intimate.
(2) Third-person writing is open and full without any restrictions. (3) The second person narration is closest to the reader and makes people feel particularly cordial.
Expression: narration, lyricism, description, explanation and discussion.
What are the writing skills?
Writing and learning skills 1. Argumentative writing usually adopts the method of putting facts and reasoning.
Putting facts is what we call an example; Reasoning includes not only reasoning with rational arguments, but also some truths directly told by the author himself. Let's look at an argumentative essay and find out how the author demonstrates it.
From a famous saying, "Han Feizi Yu Lao" said: "Self-victory is strong." Although the person who said this sentence lived in the Warring States period more than 2,000 years ago, the brilliant idea in this sentence is still of great significance: be brave enough to defeat yourself.
Overcoming ourselves can lead us to the peak of our lives. Overcoming self is first of all to overcome inner inferiority and timidity.
Li Yangben is a student who has difficulty speaking even in front of people. In order to practice his spoken English well, he goes to Jingshan to practice his pronunciation every day, and also exercises his courage. Finally, he overcame his inferiority complex and created a learning method of "Crazy English", which brought good news to "Dumb English". Life is a process from ignorance to knowledge. Inferiority is the enemy of life. Only by overcoming it can we remove the obstacles on the road ahead, constantly improve ourselves and realize our own value.
Overcoming self is more reflected in overcoming the temptation brought by fame and fortune. Hemingway once said: No one can beat you except yourself.
Flowers and applause swarmed after becoming famous, which easily made people lose themselves and their life coordinates. Lennitz, the founder of calculus, became famous and lay on the hotbed of success, indulging in the textual research of aristocratic genealogy. After becoming famous, Watt, the inventor of the steam engine, became notorious for constantly suppressing other people's inventions and research. Most Nobel Prize winners have also experienced stagnation or even retrogression after winning the prize.
The tragedy of these celebrities is that achievement is their culmination and applause is their death knell. Of course, there are also many successful examples: Madame Curie was the first scientist to win the Nobel Prize twice in history, probably because of her indifferent attitude towards fame and fortune.
For a real winner, defeating yourself means the glory of innovation. Overcoming oneself is not only of great significance to individuals, but also creates an immortal miracle in human history.
In sports history, 38-year-old redgrave has won the rowing championship five times since the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. This unprecedented record stems from the self-transcendence of veterans again and again. As early as ten years ago, 10 second was considered as the limit of human 100 meter sprint, and now the world record is close to 9 seconds.
Man's potential is infinite, and to conquer himself is to excavate the treasure hidden in man. In the history of music, Beethoven was deaf in middle age, but he dared to overcome himself. Ode to Joy is the strongest voice in his life, adding a magnificent and exciting page to the whole gorgeous music history.
In the history of literature, Tolstoy overcame his personal depression and loneliness, devoted himself to writing, and died in an unknown station, leaving a masterpiece and handed down articles for future generations. It can be seen that the process of overcoming self is the process of continuous self-improvement and the source of power to promote the progress of human society.
"The difficulty of ambition lies not in winning, but in winning. Therefore, self-victory is powerful. "
The words of the sages linger in my ears. We want to be a strong man, a strong man standing in the East and even the world. I hope each of us has the belief of "overcoming ourselves".
This is an excellent student composition. Introduction Some authors draw their own arguments from Han Feizi: We should be brave enough to defeat ourselves. In this part, the author demonstrates the importance of "overcoming self" from both personal and social aspects.
The conclusion part refers to the previous article. The clarity of the structure makes the article clear at a glance, while the methods of "putting facts" and "reasoning" in the argumentation part make the article more convincing.
The author cited Li Yang, Linitz, Watt, Madame Curie and other examples to demonstrate the significance of overcoming self to individuals. Redgrave, Beethoven, Tolstoy and other examples are cited to demonstrate the significance of overcoming self to human beings. The author also cited famous sayings of Han Feizi, Hemingway and other celebrities, and through his own simple and in-depth truth, he strongly demonstrated the argument with "putting facts".
2. Strict logic is the basic requirement of argument. Argumentative writing itself is to express one's views and opinions through one's own argumentation, and the process of argumentation is also a logical thinking process of proving arguments with arguments.
If there are loopholes in reasoning in this process, the argument will be untenable and the argument process will fail. For example, there is a saying that "life is choice", and a person's life is a process of constant choice in society. However, if we take this as an argument, we must pay attention to the other hand, that is, when life chooses society, society is also choosing life. If this point is ignored, there may be an imprecise reasoning process.
On the other hand, the reasoning is the same. Let's look at a related article and experience the rigor of the argument.
Society is also choosing you. Some people say, "Life is a choice". There is some truth in this statement.
People do face many choices in life. Everyone's present situation is related to his past choices, and his future is also related to his choices today.
It can be said that after a person has the ability to think independently, he should consciously make choices in every step of his life. However, personal subjective choice is one thing.
Whether the choice can be allowed by society and whether it can be successful is another matter. In real life, it is very common that individual's subjective desire is inconsistent with the needs of society, and not everyone's choice has been realized. For example, some young people want to be a professional writer, studying hard all day, working hard on square paper, and finally can't see their works become type, so they have to change their ways and find another way.
What's the reason? It's just that his quality is far from that of a writer, and he can't meet the requirements of society for literary talents. It can be seen that the choice between individuals and society is mutual.
You should choose your own career and working environment in society according to your own wishes, and society should also screen individuals according to the needs of its own development to survive the fittest. Just like taking the college entrance examination, everyone has their own wishes, but whether they can get the list depends on the choice of society.
Throughout history, although people's successful choices are different, at least one thing is the same, that is, they must adapt to the needs of the society at that time, conform to the trend of the times, and take root.
The writing techniques commonly used in junior high school should be the writing techniques commonly used in junior high school. Thank you ~-
Writing techniques belong to artistic expression techniques (that is, artistic techniques and expression techniques, including expression techniques (skills)), which are commonly used: exaggeration, contrast, metaphor, personification, suspense, care, association, imagination, combination of suppression, combination of point and surface, combination of static and dynamic, combination of narration and discussion, blending of scenes, comparison and contrast, bedding, expressing meaning with objects and describing details. Contrast, rendering, dynamic and static contrast, virtual and real, real and virtual writing, supporting things, lyric, etc. The forms of expression are common narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. (In fact, it also belongs to artistic expression. ) Rhetorical methods Briefly describe common rhetorical methods, and the senior high school entrance examination stipulates eight kinds: metaphor, analogy, metonymy, exaggeration, antithesis, parallelism and rhetorical questions. 1. Metaphor: The structure of metaphor is generally composed of ontology, vehicle and figurative words. The ontology and vehicle of metaphor must be different things, but they are similar. Using metaphor can make plain vivid, profound simple and abstract concrete. Quasi-thing is to say people are things, or things are things. Using analogy can make people or things colorful and vivid. 3. Metonymy: Substitute the borrowed body for the noumenon. It doesn't directly talk about people or things to be expressed, but uses related things instead. It can use parts to represent the whole, features to represent the ontology, and proper names to refer to it, for example, in medicine. Metonymy requires that borrowing and ontology have something in common. Metonymy can express concrete images. 4. Exaggeration: including exaggerating or narrowing things reasonably. In Lu Xun's Medicine, he wrote: "... eyes are like two knives, and the old bolt is narrowed by half." The last sentence uses the exaggeration of "narrowing". Exaggeration should be reasonable, and its function is to set off the atmosphere, enhance association and enlighten people. It can be a phrase or a sentence. There are two kinds: right and wrong, opposition and mobile equivalence. It uses duality, and the sentences are neat, concise and lyrical. 6. Parallelism: It consists of three or more phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, related content and consistent tone. Its function is to strengthen tone, emphasize content and aggravate feelings. 7. Ask questions: Ask questions without question, ask yourself and answer yourself.
What are the tips for writing?
Tips for improving writing ability 1. Choosing materials to buy clothes depends on materials first, and so does writing. If you choose appropriate and correct materials for a composition, then your article is half successful. Someone asked: Where did the materials come from? I said: the material comes from life. Every little thing in life can be used as writing material. Here are some ways to accumulate materials: A: Keep an observation diary. Write down everything you think or hear. The above two methods are really worth using and learning. Reading and writing an article are good, so how can we have excellent writing? Only a lot of reading can be done at ordinary times. For example, when reading, with a pen in hand, you can record good words and sentences at any time. Reading records are not enough. Only by making full use of them in writing can we really master the essentials of reading. After thinking and observing, you should think about it. You should sort out everything you observe, make a sketch in your mind, and then give full play to your imagination and take out all the good words and sentences you usually know. Finally, check it.
What are the main points of article writing?
It is not easy to write a good composition, which requires long-term and multi-faceted efforts. At ordinary times, we should strengthen reading and have a good class. We should have a deep understanding of the text content and expression skills, read a lot of excellent works, learn knowledge and nutrition from them, and learn writing skills. Read more books, pay attention to things around you, be a conscientious person in life, and pay attention to accumulating rich writing materials; Writing more means practicing writing more, so that "practice makes perfect". For an exercise, we should pay special attention to the following steps: (1) Examining the topic: Examining the topic, that is, carefully reading every word and punctuation in the topic before writing (some of them contain punctuation). For example, goodbye! There is an exclamation point in the title, dear alma mater, which requires writing with true feelings and full of love for the alma mater. When reviewing questions, we should correctly grasp the focus, center, material scope and main requirements of the article. Every composition topic will have certain restrictions on the content of the composition. When writing, it is necessary to make clear such restrictions, which generally include several ranges. 1 and time range. Some topics, from time to time, when we examine the topic, we should examine the time range. There are generally three kinds of regulations: one is to stipulate the time limit of drawing materials, such as "one thing in the summer vacation", and the word "summer vacation" limits what is written to the summer vacation. The second is to inspire the time span of the content written, such as "before and after lunch", and the content of the article should be written before and after lunch, which has a certain span in time. For example, interesting stories written in childhood must have happened in childhood. For example, unforgettable moments should be written in a very short time. 2. The scope of the place. There are often some words expressing space (orientation) in the composition topic, which often makes clear the location background of the content written. For example, the title of the farmer's market must be written in the farmer's market; Another example: "On the way to school" must write about things on the way to school; For example, the seaside, the beach and a corner of the coast all refer to the seaside, but the specific space they refer to is still different in size. The range of objects, such as people I know, people I respect and my hobbies, are all about others, even if the article is about me or others. It's a supporting role. For example, my deskmate, my classmate and my partner can all refer to classmates, but the writing objects of the three questions range from small to large. My deskmate is basically unique (of course, it can also be written in the previous deskmate), and my partner can refer to students in our school, children in neighboring schools and children. The scope is much larger. 4. Content scope. This refers to the limitation of events. For example, "unforgettable things" must be written, which is really unforgettable. "A personal experience" can only be written. What you hear or see is not a personal experience. Teacher's two or three things can only be written about the teacher's two or three things. 5. Quantity range. Some questions are written about people and things that are right. Write according to the required number of topics, such as an event in the summer vacation, an unforgettable event, this event, and a person. Another example is one thing in school life, two or three things in school life. The former can only write one thing, and the latter must write two or three things to get to the point. Secondly, it is necessary to make clear the key points required by the topic, that is, we have found out, that is, we have found the key points of writing. For example, the topic "An Unforgettable Event" specifies the genre (narrative mainly based on notes), quantity (one) and content (an unforgettable event) in turn. Of these three requirements, the most important one is undoubtedly "unforgettable", which is the title. Some topics are implicit, so we need to pay more attention to what the key words are and understand the meaning clearly. Actually, it means not stupid. Another example is "Mom has a bad temper". This "bad" is also a kind of irony. In fact, it's just a good habit and style of mom. Looking for "eye-catching" has certain rules. If the topic is one sentence, most of the "eye-catching" answers are "Who? What? " Some words, such as "love" in "I love my teacher" and "laugh" in "Daddy laughs", are mostly in the front, that is, the decorative part, such as "happiness" in Happy Festival, "cuteness" in "lovely goldfish" and "my favorite activity". Third, after examining the meaning of the topic, determine the genre of writing. Narrative includes four genres: taking notes, writing people, writing scenery and writing things, such as "an unforgettable event" and "recording a personal experience". , and should adopt the genre of taking notes; "I respect people" and "Good XX" should adopt the genre of writing people; "Our Campus" should mainly adopt the genre of landscape writing, but it is also inseparable from people and things. "Lovely Goldfish" should adopt the genre of things. Diary, thoughts after reading, etc. Most of them are indicated in the title. If you encounter a semi-propositional composition, you can review the topic according to the following steps: first, analyze and understand the provided semi-propositional composition topic, and understand what articles are in the topic and what aspects need to be supplemented; After comparison, material selection; Finally, we should read the whole composition topic together to see if it is smooth and coherent, and revise the inappropriate places. When we are halfway through the composition topic, we should think about it and make a choice, so that people or things in life can reappear in our minds and choose the most impressive writing content. For example, I love XX, and the topic is Love. As for who we love and what we love, we need to be based on familiar materials. It can be "love my father" and "love my teacher", or it can be "love my alma mater", "love reading", "love collecting stamps" and so on. (2) Set the center 1 to be meaningful and healthy. What should an article praise (or praise) and criticize (or expose)?