In June of the 14th year of the Orthodox Church (1449), a man named Wala invaded the territory of the Ming Dynasty many times, and Ming Yingzong led 200,000 elite troops to the war. Unfortunately, the result of this personal expedition was a fiasco. The 200,000 elite troops of Daming Shi Jing were completely annihilated, the emperor was captured and many ministers died. The empire reached its most dangerous time. Fortunately, Yu Qian stood up at this time and saved the day. Led the rest of the soldiers to hold the capital. This fiasco is called the change of civil fortress. The change of the civil fort completely lost the core military strength of the Ming Dynasty, and the imperial power was greatly weakened.
Why did Chenghua Plough House happen?
The Jurchen tribe is located in the northeast of China, which was controlled by Jianzhou Sanwei established by Ming Chengzu. However, due to the relaxation of the imperial court's control over the western Liaoning plain, Mongolian tribes gradually infiltrated, and only the narrow Jinzhou defense line from the capital to Liaodong Town was used for protection and communication.
At that time, the leader of the Jurchen tribe in Jianzhou was named Aisinqiao Luo Dongshan, the fifth ancestor of Nurhachi, and then the right-back governor of Jianzhou. In other words, in name, Ai Xinjue Roche was also a courtier of the Ming Dynasty.
However, the Ming Dynasty controlled nomadic tribes economically and intentionally or unintentionally adjusted the scale of border trade, so grassland tribes were sometimes in a dilemma of lack of food and clothing. As a tribal leader, he invaded Mishimaguan on 1466, and Fu commanded Deng Zuo. Later, it successively invaded Lianshanguan, Kaiyuan, Fushun, Tieling, Ningyuan, Guangning and other places, and basically robbed Liaodong. According to historical records, Dongshan killed more than 65,438+10,000 people.
A little nuzhen tribal leader, just a governor of Jianzhou who knows everything, dares to offend me in the Ming Dynasty? Where is the face of the son of heaven protecting the country!
The whole story of Chenghua Plough House
Process: The soldiers divided into three ways and attacked North Korea.
In the discussion, Wang Zhi, the main battle, gained the upper hand, and Ming Xianzong even imprisoned the Lord and the faction, showing his determination to go to war. Jia Zhu's children and grandchildren have well inherited Zhu Yuanzhang's combative temperament, and carried forward the so-called "if you don't do it, you will have it" to the fullest.
1in September, 467, Ming Xianzong ordered the Ming army to fall in the autumn wind, and issued a wanted order to "pound its nest and destroy its species". Zhao Fu, the general of Lu Jing, led a 50,000-strong army divided into three ways: Hunhe River and Chaihe River crossed the Shimen on the left, and Mutu went to the watershed; On the right, Crow Pass and Xichangkou pass through Phoenix Black Pine Forest, Motianling to Splash Pig River. The main force crossed the perilla River from Fushun via Baodao Mountain and Sticky Fish Ridge to the ancient city, and invited North Korea to send troops to meet them. This battle plan is almost a template for the battle of Salhu. Only at this time, the fighting capacity of the Ming army is still very considerable, and the Nuzhen tribe that has not yet been unified is helpless.
Result: It is unique.
According to the good news of Wang Zhi,
"Thieves' nests are in the mountains, the mountains are steep and the roads are narrow." "Thieves meet the enemy in danger, attack the government troops on all sides, and destroy their nests lightly." Thieves and Lu gathered on the steep mountain and terrain to resist the attack of the Ming government, but the Ming army broke them and burned their nests.
A month of encirclement and suppression is like a massacre. Jurchen's blood and body are soaked in the black water of Baishan. The Ming army beheaded more than 600 people (some say 1700 people) and captured more than 240 people. Dong Shan himself was also captured alive and killed in the process of escape. You know, at that time, nearly one-third of the entire 6,000-strong army in Jianzhou was killed. History contains "burning and swinging, the family breaks it", and the Jianzhou tribe is almost extinct.
History:
"When you run away, you cut your heart and paint your bones with powder. Strong is slaughtered. A sense of security in the old age means little loss. If the earth collapses and the fire goes out, you will still collapse and the ice will disappear. Hiding is a pig, and it's all empty. Within ten days, the land will be depressed. " This clean-up, together with Chen Yue's victory against the invasion of Jurchen last year and Zhao Fu's victory in three years of Chenghua, was a total of three military victories against Jurchen, which was called "Chenghua Plough House" in history.
Why Chenghua Plough House in Ming Dynasty was a feat in China's history?
First, Chenghua Plough House is a means to appease the people.
At that time, the Ming Dynasty had conquered the northeast during the reign of Emperor Yongle and established Jianzhouwei, that is, Jurchen managed the local area herself. However, due to the influence of the civil fort incident, the national prestige of the Ming Dynasty declined, and the leaders of Jianzhouwei began to invade Liaodong area frequently, harassing the local area, which made the people in Liaodong area suffer greatly.
Jurchen is a descendant of Jin people in Song Dynasty, and there are several branches in Ming Dynasty. Near the border of the Ming Dynasty is Jianzhou Jurchen, which belongs to the most civilized branch. As a nomadic people, due to the lack of their own materials, they were forced to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty every year, and their nature was barbaric, so they began to think of looting.
The border is a special place, where residents live in peace and contentment, and naturally the world is at peace. The sufferings of the world are only known to the people. As a Ming Dynasty person, being protected by those in power is the peace of the country and the people.
As an authority, the Ming dynasty was responsible for the stable life of the border people, so it cleaned up the harassment of the Jurchen nationality.
Second, Chenghua Plough House is a symbol of the fighting capacity of the Ming army.
When the Jurchen tribe invaded the border, the court actually had two different plans. One side advocates lessons and the other advocates reconciliation. At that time, the Ming Dynasty was frustrated by the front-end civil fort incident, which showed weak gas's military strength. If it continues to be soft-hearted in the face of harassment, it will make people doubt the national strength of the Ming Dynasty.
Suppressing border harassment by force is a contest of military strength and a demonstration of national prestige.
As a centralized political power, the Ming dynasty's encirclement and suppression of the border "broke its nest and had no other species", which was similar to slaughter. Moreover, at that time, Zhao Fu, a general, was sent to attack Jianzhou Jurchen from all directions with an army of 50,000. At the same time, he also ordered the vassal state of Korea to fight together. Finally, more than 600 people were beheaded and more than 200 people were captured. Jurchen leader of Jianzhou was executed on the spot.
Thirdly, Chenghua Plough House is the frontier policy of the Han regime.
The harassed border people live in poverty, and the situation on the Daming border is worrying. If certain measures are not taken, it will easily lead to the situation of being eaten away. China has adopted two policies towards the frontier since ancient times:
One is peaceful communication, which is the best expression of this form.
The other is confrontation by force, which, in the words of Kingoma Railway, uses the galloping of the battlefield to delimit the territory.
The war is for the sake of political power. When the political power is stable, there is only a foreign war.
In the face of provocation, no country will leave it at that, and Zhu Jianshen himself is very ruthless. In view of the rebellion on the border and the looting of Nuzhen, the removal of Duqi's cave weakened the Nuzhen tribe, and it took decades to recover.
Nuzhen didn't have Nuerhachi's unified Nuzhen until after the Five Dynasties. Obviously, Chenghua Plough House won a moment's peace for Daming Mountain.
Abstract: The military action of Chenghua Liting dealt a heavy blow to Jianzhou Jurchen Military Group, which is of great significance to maintaining the overall peace of the country and ensuring the happiness of people's livelihood in the core area of Chinese civilization. After this war, Jianzhou Jurchen disappeared for nearly a hundred years. In history, it is far from being a big military action, and there is no great book about it in history books. But without this war, the difficult situation in the late Ming Dynasty might have broken out a hundred years earlier.