The law enforcement work of public security organs is a dynamic law enforcement process. Adjusting national security and social order according to relevant laws and norms involves not only citizens' property rights, but also citizens' personal rights, which reflects the level of rule of law and civilization of the country to a certain extent. At present, there are many violations of citizens' rights in public security law enforcement, which seriously affect the construction of a country ruled by law and a harmonious society. Based on the research results of relevant scholars and my own work practice, this paper makes an in-depth discussion on the civil rights involved in public security law enforcement and its present situation, as well as how to better protect the legitimate rights of citizens. This paper is divided into four parts: The first part is an overview of public security law enforcement, which expounds the concept, duty and purpose of police, and summarizes the basic principles of public security law enforcement and protection of citizens' rights. The second part is the theoretical analysis of civil rights in public security law enforcement. On the basis of studying the relationship between human rights and civil rights, the content of civil rights is summarized. The third part analyzes the current situation of civil rights in public security law enforcement from the household registration posts and legal jobs in public security work, and reveals what violations of civil rights exist in public security law enforcement in practice. The fourth part analyzes how to protect citizens' rights in public security work, and points out that it is necessary to constantly improve the foundation of law enforcement, improve the quality of law enforcement subjects, realize the publicity of law enforcement cases, abide by the principles of legality and proportionality in the process of law enforcement, strengthen the construction of law enforcement cases and strengthen law enforcement supervision, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting citizens' legitimate rights.