In paragraph L, the author uses five metaphors. The first metaphor is "shine on you", which cannot be considered as a metaphor for students surpassing teachers. This is its new meaning as an idiom. This metaphor and the "ice is cooler than water" in the article show that things can be improved after certain changes. "Straight wood is a wheel" means that things can change their original state after certain changes. In this way, three metaphors have two meanings. On this basis, the author uses "reason" to summarize the above, and then uses "the method of connecting wood with rope"

Take the metaphors of "straightness" and "Jinlili" as examples, and then infer that people must learn and take part in the province if they want to achieve the situation of "knowing clearly and doing nothing". The latter two metaphors are juxtaposed: hard work leads to results. They strongly proved the following inference. To sum up, this paragraph discusses the central argument from the perspective of the importance of general learning.

In the second paragraph, the author uses five metaphors. At the beginning, the author explained that "thinking all day is not as good as learning for a while", and then used the metaphors of "looking at the sky * * * *" and "not as cold as being at the top" to explain that only by adjusting the relationship between "learning" and "thinking" can learning produce remarkable results. In order to explain the truth more thoroughly, the author uses four metaphors of "climbing to the top", "breathing with the wind", "fake horse" and "fake boat" to illustrate the important role played by using and relying on external conditions in real life from the aspects of sight, hearing, land and water, so as to show that people can make up for their own shortcomings through learning and achieve more remarkable results. Finally, it is concluded that the reason why a gentleman can surpass ordinary people is not that his innate quality is different from ordinary people, but that he is good at learning the day after tomorrow. To sum up, this paragraph discusses the central argument from the perspective of the important role of learning.

In the third paragraph, the author uses ten metaphors. First of all, the author uses two metaphors, from "accumulating soil", "accumulating water" to "accumulating virtue", to discuss the role of accumulation from the front, which shows that the achievements in learning are constantly accumulating. Then, using the two metaphors of "no accumulation" and "no trickle accumulation", it is explained from the opposite side that great goals cannot be achieved without accumulation. This is the first level of this paragraph, which shows that learning is to be accumulated. The following two layers explain how to accumulate. The author compares four metaphors: First, by comparing "Qian Ji" and "Ma Xu", it shows that subjective conditions are not the decisive factor in learning, but perseverance is the key to learning well; The contrast between "perseverance" and "perseverance" shows that only perseverance and perseverance can achieve something. This is the second level of this paragraph, which shows that we should persist in accumulation. At the last level, the author uses the metaphor of earthworm and crab to illustrate that accumulation should be single-minded. The latter two levels explain: the two guarantees of accumulation are indispensable. To sum up, the author divides this paragraph into three levels, and discusses the central argument from the perspective of learning methods and attitudes.

(2) What are the characteristics of this metaphor?

Analysis: This is an argumentative essay on learning the truth. The whole metaphor makes the truth vivid, simple, convincing and infectious. The metaphorical features of this paper are:

(1) takes common things or phenomena in daily life as the carrier. For example, the author uses common examples in people's lives, such as the extraction of indigo, the manufacture of wheels and the freezing of water, to illustrate the reason that "learning can't be done" and must be completed. This turns abstruse into simple, and perceptual into rational and convincing.

(2) There are various metaphors: ① Positive metaphors, such as "shine on you", "ice is colder than water", "heaven is a wheel" and "gold is sharp and profitable", illustrate the importance of learning the positive. ② Positive and negative metaphors, such as "earthworm" and "crab", "Miracle" and "Ma Xu", "perseverance" and "perseverance", make the truth to be explained more specific and clear through positive and negative comparison. (3) Repetitive metaphors, such as "looking at the sky with * * * *", "climbing high and looking far", "calling with the wind", "pretending to ride a horse" and "pretending to bow their heads in a boat", can help readers better understand the truth.

(3) Metaphor and reasoning are closely combined, and the form is very flexible: ① Some metaphors contain truth, such as "shine on you" and "ice is cooler than water"; "Perseverance" and "perseverance". (2) There are some metaphors first, and then the truth is drawn. For example, in the second paragraph, the author first uses five metaphors, and then leads to the truth that "goodness is false in things". (3) Use some metaphors first, and then use other metaphors to further demonstrate. For example, on the first floor of the third paragraph, the author first uses metaphors like "mountains are formed by accumulated soil" and "small water droplets form the ocean" to draw out.

With the metaphors of "no accumulation of steps" and "no accumulation of water", the truth of "accumulating good to become virtue" is further demonstrated from the opposite side.