1 improvement of equipment through several years of maintenance and repair, we have taken a series of improvement measures to ensure the good use of equipment. 1. Add a spring pad between the male and female buttons of the pull rod and the outer back button to prevent the bayonet from failing due to loose screws. 3. The factory is required to add an 8× 100mm cotter pin to the welded fixing bolt to solve the problem that the external lock pin will come out due to the fracture of the tabletting. 13. In order to check the indication gap of the switch machine during the equipment inspection, a monitoring window was installed to solve the problem of frequent capping. 4. The Scatburg contact and the fixed plate can solve the riveting problem of the hollow rivet of the internal contact of the switch machine. ⒌ bolt pin is used to solve the problem of out-of-stock caused by poor tabletting and split pin fracture. ⒍ Aiming at the problem that the express circuit of speed-increasing turnout in Beijing-Qinhuangdao Phase II is relatively imperfect, ZYJ-7 external lock turnout fault monitoring circuit is developed, which reduces the difficulty of fault handling and shortens the fault delay. 2 Equipment maintenance contents, adjustment methods and standards In order to further improve the quality of equipment and reduce the occurrence of equipment failures, after a period of exploration and practice, we have preliminarily defined the maintenance standards and adjustment methods. Now let me discuss it with you. 2. 1 electro-hydraulic switch machine. Piping shall be well connected, and shall not be placed at the bottom of the installation device, with 50mm allowance at both ends, and the bending radius of piping shall not be less than 100 mm ... to prevent transmission wear and stress caused by vibration of the switch machine. 2. The machine is clean and free of oil stain, the fasteners are not loose, the ZY4 carbon brush cover is fastened, and the rotor is clean. 3. Oil the sliding and moving parts to keep them moist. 4. There is no abnormality in the tension test, and there is no jam in the conversion, and the rebound of the oil cylinder does not exceed1.5mm. 5. Check that the locked main engine clearance is 2 0.5mm, and the auxiliary engine clearance is 41.5mm. It must be checked after the switch is pulled down. Because there are different degrees of slack in each part of the turnout switch device, and the second traction point can only require macro close adhesion, when the turnout is towed, both the indicating rod and the indicating pull rod have inert pull force opposite to the direction of the turnout action, so it is more accurate to check the indicating port after the turnout is towed. After the train passes, the indicating port may change, and there is an error in the inspection. 6. Check whether the shaft, lock head and lock hook of the box cover are flexible, and inject oil to prevent rust. 7. Check the function of handle baffle and circuit breaker switch. When the breaker switch is turned on, the handle cannot be inserted into the handle hole. 8. Check whether the oil circuit leaks oil and whether the oil quantity reaches the standard. 9. Check whether the electrical terminals in the machine are fastened and whether the wire ends are damaged. 10. Check that the extension of the action lever and indicator lever of the switch machine is free from corrosion, and the connecting pin and friction surface should be lubricated. 1 1. Check that the gap between the contact roller and the inclined plane of the moving contact frame in the machine is not less than 0.5 mm .. to prevent the contact from being broken and the vehicle from shaking and breaking. 2.2 Check the installation device 1. The fixing screws are fastened, and the device has no old injuries and cracks. 2. The connecting rod and external locking device are free from old injuries and cracks, the connecting rod is free from wear and corrosion, the pin hole wear is not more than 65438±0mm, and the insulation is good. 3. The connecting rod connecting iron is well insulated, and the outer lock connecting iron and the connecting rod connecting iron are well insulated. When there is no insulation, there is a gap of more than 3mm, and bolts are fastened. 4. Check whether there is any crack on the switch machine shell, whether the installation is firm and whether the locking effect is good. 5. Check that the protective measures of the oil pipe passage are intact and not buried by other sundries such as ballast. 2.3 maintenance of external locking device 2.3. 1 switch rail 1 maintenance of external locking device. The moving distance of the switch rail at the first traction point is160 3 mm, the locking amount is not less than 35mm, and the deviation of the locking amount on both sides is not more than 2 mm..2. The moving distance of the switch rail at the second traction point is 75±3mm, the locking amount is not less than 20mm, and the deviation of the locking amount on both sides is not more than 2 mm..3. The switch rail has no serious crawling and fat edges, and the tip of the switch rail is closely attached to the basic rail. The gap is not more than 0.5 mm. 4. When the turnout is switched, the dovetail lock block slides freely in the dovetail groove, the locking rod and the locking iron are not stuck, the dovetail lock block does not grind the rail bottom of the basic rail, the switch rail does not bend obliquely, and at least three of the four continuous blocks are in contact with the sliding pad. 5. The screws of all parts are well fastened, the insulation is intact, the external locking parts are free from old injuries and cracks, and the locking hook works well. 6. The dust cover is complete and works well. All moving parts were cleaned and oiled, and the slider was not damaged by visual inspection. 7. The clearance between the outer lock lever limit iron and the lock iron seat is less than 3mm, but it should not be strong. 8. It means that there should be a gap of 10mm or more between the connecting rod, connecting iron and other parts and the steel sleeper. 2.3.2 The overhaul of the external locking device of the heart rail is 1. The moving distances of the first and second traction points are 1 17 1.5 mm and 68 mm, respectively ... The locking amount is not less than 35mm and 20mm, and the reverse deviation is not more than 2 mm.. 2. There is no serious creeping of the heart rail, the distance between the tip of the heart rail and the rail head of the straight wing rail is within the range of 239610 mm, there is no serious fat edge, and the heart rail is in good contact with the sliding bed plate. 3. The adhesion of each traction point is appropriate. When bonding, the pulling plate should not be obviously inclined, and the dovetail lock block at the unlocking side should be able to move left and right. 4. There is no abrasion between the pull plate and the steel sleeper of the two traction points, no force between the dovetail connecting iron of the first traction point and the external locking rod, and there is no abrasion between the locking rod of the second traction point and the vertical iron of the pull plate, and the gap should be greater than10 mm ... 5. The external locking rod of the turnout should be able to slide reliably on the plane of the heart rail pull plate, and its contact width should not be less than10 mm ... 7. All parts of the bolt fastening, all parts of the bar without cracks, good insulation, no corrosion, all parts of the clean, oiled, visual inspection of copper slider without damage. 2.4 switchgear testing 1. The pull switch works normally and is well sealed. All moving parts have no noise and jamming, and ZY4 rotor has no excessive sparks. 2. The switch rail is the first, and the first traction point of the heart rail is tested by 2mm and 4mm. 3. The friction current meets the standard, the action time of the switch machine meets the standard, and the phase failure protection function is good. 2.5 Equipment Patrol Due to the increase in train speed, the impact on equipment has increased, and equipment patrol must be strengthened. 1. Patrol the external lock equipment at least once a day to check the appearance for scratches, bruises and falls. Whether the screws of each part are loose indicates whether the oral monitoring window is standard. Check whether the equipment changes and crawling are out of limit. 2. The turnout device and external locking equipment shall be cleaned and oiled once every three days, especially the locking surface of the locking iron and the contact part between the notch of the locking rod and the dovetail iron. 3. Conduct a tensile test once a week to clean the hidden places. For example, the contact part between the switch anti-lock lever and the dovetail iron should be clean and greasy. 3. Factors affecting the normal use of switchgear and their elimination methods 3. 1 Before the thawing in spring and the coming of winter, the switch crawls back and forth due to the great change of temperature, which easily leads to the failure of the switch external lock equipment. Therefore, we must adhere to the common improvement of turnout power and electricity to eliminate diseases. The external locking switch motor is fixed on the steel sleeper, which is connected with the basic rail and the locking rod is connected with the switch rail. Under normal circumstances, the motor action lever and the locking lever of the external locking device are in the same straight line. When the switch is switched, the motor pulls the switch through the action pull rod. Due to the influence of temperature, the switch rail generally crawls forward when the temperature rises, and generally crawls backward when the temperature drops. When the steel sleeper is fixed, the angle between the point rail crawling action lever and the locking lever is not in a straight line. If the steel sleeper is not fixed and moves in the opposite direction, the angle between the two levers is larger. When the turnout moves, the conversion force is decomposed, which is easy to cause the conversion to be blocked. In addition, there are the following situations: (1) Because the heart rail itself has an included angle, the crawling of the heart rail affects the locking force and unlocking force of the turnout. When the heart rail crawls forward, the thickening of the basic rail at the heart rail will inevitably increase the locking force and unlocking force, and at the same time, crawling forward will seriously cause the locking rod of the first traction point and the connecting iron of the dovetail lock to get stuck, which will easily lead to the failure of turnout pulling; On the other hand, when the heart rail crawls backwards, it will inevitably reduce the adhesion and easily lead to bayonet failure. At the same time, the serious backward crawling will narrow the distance between the vertical iron at the second traction point of the heart rail and the external lock rod, and even squeeze to death, which will make the turnout unable to traction normally. ⑵ Crawling of the heart rail will cause friction between the heart rail pull plate and the outer lock lever. Under normal circumstances, the lock lever is above the pull plate. When the switch is switched, the pull plate moves in an arc along the center rail, and the outer lock lever moves in a straight line under the action of the action lever. If all or part of the external lock lever falls off on the pull plate after the heart rail crawls, the two will be stuck and the turnout cannot be pulled normally. Therefore, when the temperature changes greatly, joint rectification must be carried out to eliminate the influence of crawling on electrical equipment. Most square steel sleepers are used, so that the bar can reach the standard smoothly and the positions of A and B can be adjusted. 3.2 Pull the plate wide open. Due to long-term use, train vibration, loosening of the fixing screws, etc., some heart rails are wide open, resulting in uneven left and right pull plates on both sides of the turnout rail. In the process of turnout switching, the turnout switching force is decomposed. Especially when the turnout is locked, the pull plate is more inclined, which easily leads to the failure of the equipment in place. The pull plate is not straight before and after, and it is easy to get stuck or stuck in the process of switch conversion, which must be solved by the public works department. 3.3 The sliding bed plate does not fit tightly with the switch rail. All the weight of the switch rail is pressed on the sliding bottom plate. If there is less contact with each other, the gravity of the switch rail acts on several sliding bottom plates. The smaller the contact area, the greater the friction resistance, which will make the switch inflexible and stuck in serious cases. 3.4 Non-standard turnout is uneven, which will lead to uneven positioning and anti-positioning of indicator rod, easy to cause contact points of internal inspection column, and make the turnout lose its indication. Therefore, it must be properly adjusted during maintenance. There are two situations in actual maintenance: 1. The turnout is not tightly attached and the opening distance is uneven. When the opening distance is too large, a pad should be added between the switch point rail and the external lock connecting iron; When the opening distance is too small, a pad should be added between the basic rail of the turnout and the external lock iron. 2. The turnouts are tightly attached and the opening distance is uneven. (1) switch on one side of the opening distance is too large, the other side of the opening distance is too small. At this time, the length of the connecting iron of the outer lock lever can be adjusted to make the opening distance on both sides even. (2) One side of the turnout is too large or too small, and the other side is suitable; At this time, it should be solved by adding and subtracting pads between the connecting iron of the switch rail and the switch rail or changing the size of the eccentric slider, and adding and subtracting pads between the basic rail and the external locking iron. (3) It is worth noting that many problems of uneven driving are caused by the diseases of the switch rail. For example, after the first traction point of the switch is switched in place, the repulsive distance of the switch will continue to move under the action of the second traction point and the heel of the switch, so it should be solved by adjusting the fastener at the root of the switch or adjusting the curvature of the switch. The opening distance of the second traction point of the turnout rail must be within 75±3mm, otherwise it will cause the rejection of the rail row, indicating that the notch socket is broken. 3.5 Turnout Rebound The ZY4 switch machine generally has the problem of cylinder rebound. Regardless of the table rectification and inspection, we should always pay attention to the size and trend of rebound. Rebound is sometimes caused by the increase of locking force. You can reduce the intensity (reduce the current within the standard) and see how it works. If not, replace the whole machine in time. ZYJ-7 turnout in order to eliminate the rebound of oil cylinder. The purpose of installing inertia wheel is to eliminate and reduce the motor reverse rotation when the switch is in place. There are two situations in which the inertia wheel doesn't work. ① The inertia wheel is locked. The inspection method is that when the turnout switch starts, the inertia wheel and the main shaft rotate closely, and the main shaft cannot be prevented from reversing when locked, that is, synchronous rotation, indicating locking. Can drop a small amount of engine oil to overcome, observe. ② Second, the inertia wheel doesn't work. Inspection method: When the switch is switched on, the inertia wheel rotates slowly. After the switch is in place, the inertia wheel continues to rotate forward, which cannot prevent the spindle from rotating reversely. At this time, it is necessary to decompose and rectify. The rebound is more serious in high temperature season, so the inspection must be strengthened. 3.6 Contact Roller Problems Due to long-term use, various parts in the machine are worn, the gap between the roller and the concave surface of the moving contact is constantly changing, and the rolling theory falls on the inclined plane, resulting in contact failure. In order to ensure that the gap between the roller and the concave surface of the moving contact is not less than 0.5 mm, the adjusting screw of the starter can be adjusted by adding or subtracting gaskets to make it meet the standard. But it must be checked whether it changes in the opposite direction. 3.7 Copper slide block damage When the train passes at high speed, the track bed is severely impacted, especially the wooden sleeper turnout. The switch point rail is impacted by the train, which drives the copper block to be constantly stressed, resulting in the copper block of the external lock of the wooden sleeper switch equipment being easy to break or wear out of limit. Therefore, decomposition inspection should be carried out regularly to replace the excessively worn and cracked slider. Practice shows that cement sleepers should be decomposed twice a year and wood sleepers should be decomposed four times a year, and the replacement date of copper skateboards should be recorded to achieve the purpose of replacing and using copper skateboards regularly. 4. Problems to be discussed and solved 1. Eliminate the problem of the opening of the fork plate of the core track. At present, the problem of plate pulling is basically solved by fastening screws, but the effect is not good. The phenomenon that the center rail bifurcation plate is open is widespread. In addition, due to the structure of the heart rail, 80% of the turnouts in the 4 mm test can not be guaranteed to be good, which is a difficult problem in maintenance at present. It is suggested to cancel the pulling plate and adopt the direct connection mode of connecting iron. 2. Wear problem of external lock device. Due to long-term use, all parts of the external lock device are worn to varying degrees. At present, there is no wear standard for the locking surface of dovetail lock block and the locking surface of outer lock iron, which needs to be determined and solved. The wear of the outer lock copper slider and chute is less than 65438±0mm, so it is difficult to reach the standard in field use. 3. Force adjustment and padding of turnout. Due to the wear and tear of the external lock device, the close contact force of the turnout is reduced and needs to be adjusted frequently. The method of padding between the switch rail and the connecting iron of the switch rail is often used in the site, which will inevitably affect the opening of the switch. However, adding a pad between the basic rail and the outer lock iron does not affect the opening distance, but the adjustment amount is limited, which affects the level of the outer lock iron. It is suggested to use the hook lock switch to lock the iron, that is, the lock iron is separated from the rail connection part, so as to increase or decrease the adjustment pieces and facilitate the adjustment. 4. The rod of the heart rail indicator rod moves: Due to the movement of the heart rail pull plate and the insulation wear at the connecting pin, the problem of the heart rail indicator rod moving is common. Although some measures have been taken at present, they cannot solve the fundamental problems and need further study and discussion. 5. The locking lever of the second traction point of the heart rail and the vertical iron of the pulling plate are easy to get stuck. In winter, due to the creeping of the heart rail, the distance between the locking rod and the vertical iron of the pulling plate becomes smaller, and even the turnout will be crushed to death, resulting in poor traction of the turnout. It is suggested to cancel the intermediate reinforcement measures of the locking rod and use the integral locking rod instead. 6. Copper block decomposition of turnout: Due to train vibration and material problems, wooden sleeper turnout needs to be decomposed four times a year, and cement sleeper turnout needs to be decomposed twice a year, which is heavy in workload and difficult. It is recommended to adopt other wear-resistant materials. 7. The heart rail indicates the problem that the rod adjusting basket catches the A. B board. Because the gap between the flower basket and plate A and B is very small, the flower basket fastening nut is stuck on the locking iron frame of plate A and plate B. Adjusting the steel sleeper can be solved temporarily, but the backward climbing of the turnout rail will also cause jamming. In order to solve this problem, short flower baskets can be made to solve the congestion problem. 8. There is something wrong with 8.ZYJ7 Schatteburg contact, so it is suggested to improve it into a common contact. Conclusion According to the above analysis, in order to improve the quality of speed-up turnout equipment, the maintenance unit should not only meet the requirements of equipment maintenance, but also do the following work: 1 In March and April of each spring and in 10 and1month before winter, electric power and electric power are jointly renovated to adapt to the weather changes. At the same time, we should do a good job in daily maintenance and rectification, find and solve problems in time and eliminate faults in the state of tooth eruption. 4. Carry out special inspection and rectification of oil cylinder rebound in May and June every year. [14] copper skateboard decomposition check once every six months, wooden sleeper switch check once every quarter. 4. The switch machine shall be measured once every two months, and the external lock equipment shall be measured once a month. At the same time, check the roller clearance and rebound. 5. Clean and oil once a week, check the appearance once every three days, clean and oil, and check the equipment at least once a day.