Let's take a look at the difference table I compiled for you first. You can compare and distinguish it.
Reluctance motor uses the change of reluctance to generate torque without permanent magnet; Permanent magnet synchronous motor generates torque through the interaction between constant magnetic field and rotating magnetic field. They are different in structure, working principle and control mode, and are suitable for different application scenarios.
Reluctance motor:
It is a kind of motor that uses the change of reluctance to produce torque. Its rotor is usually made of magnetic material. When the coil in the stator is energized, the generated magnetic field will attract the magnetic material on the rotor and make the rotor rotate. Reluctance motor does not need to use permanent magnets to generate magnetic field, but depends on the reluctance change of magnetic circuit to generate torque.
1. Advantages:
Large starting torque: reluctance motor has good torque performance when starting, which is suitable for some applications that need high starting torque.
High temperature resistance: because there is no permanent magnet, the reluctance motor can run normally at high temperature and is suitable for high temperature environment.
High control precision: Reluctance motor can realize high-precision motion control by accurately controlling parameters such as current and reluctance.
2. Disadvantages:
Relatively low efficiency: Reluctance motors need to provide energy from the outside to generate magnetic fields, so the energy efficiency is generally low.
Complex control: The control of reluctance motor is complex, which involves the precise control of parameters such as current and reluctance, and usually requires the use of sensors for position detection.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM):
It is a kind of motor that generates torque through the interaction of constant magnetic field between stator and rotor. The rotor is provided with a permanent magnet, which can be a permanent magnet or a permanent magnet alloy for generating a constant magnetic field. The coil on the stator is energized to generate a rotating magnetic field, which makes the constant magnetic field interact with the rotating magnetic field, thus generating torque.
1. Advantages:
High efficiency: Permanent magnet synchronous motors usually have high power density and efficiency, because they use permanent magnets to generate magnetic fields without external energy supply.
High performance: Permanent magnet synchronous motor has high dynamic response and low rotor inertia, which is suitable for applications requiring high performance and high precision control.
Good response characteristics: the permanent magnet synchronous motor has short start-stop time and fast dynamic response characteristics.
Control simplification: Compared with reluctance motor, the control mode of permanent magnet synchronous motor is relatively simple, and sensorless closed-loop control can be realized.
2. Disadvantages:
Sensitive to temperature: the magnetism of permanent magnet changes with the change of temperature, and the high temperature environment may have a certain impact on the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Higher manufacturing cost: Due to the use of permanent magnets, the manufacturing process of permanent magnet synchronous motor is relatively complicated and the cost is high.
Resistance motor has advantages in starting torque and high temperature resistance, and its control accuracy is high. Permanent magnet synchronous motor has excellent performance in high efficiency, high performance and response characteristics. The selection of reluctance motor or permanent magnet synchronous motor should comprehensively consider the factors such as power demand, torque characteristics, control requirements, environmental conditions, cost and reliability, and make trade-offs and decisions according to specific application scenarios.
Power requirements: reluctance motor is suitable for medium and small power applications, and permanent magnet synchronous motor is suitable for medium and large power applications. Select the motor type according to the required output power range.
Torque characteristics: Reluctance motor is usually more suitable if the application requires higher starting torque or works at low speed and high load. Permanent magnet synchronous motor performs well at high speed and light load.
Control requirements: If there are high requirements for control accuracy and dynamic response performance, permanent magnet synchronous motor may be more suitable. They usually have simpler control systems and good closed-loop control characteristics. The control of reluctance motor is relatively complicated.
Environmental conditions: Consider the temperature and humidity of the application environment. Reluctance motor runs stably in high temperature environment because it does not depend on permanent magnets. Permanent magnet synchronous motors are more sensitive to temperature and may need additional cooling measures.
Cost consideration: the manufacturing cost of permanent magnet synchronous motor is relatively high, while the manufacturing cost of reluctance motor is low. Choose the right motor according to the budget and economic factors.
Reliability requirements: Select the motor type according to the reliability requirements of the application. Reluctance motors generally have high reliability and stability, while permanent magnet synchronous motors need to consider the service life and magnetic properties of permanent magnets.