Did the teacher tell you which direction to write the paper? Be sure to write an outline before writing a paper, and let the teacher determine the framework to avoid big changes in the process of revising the paper in the future! !
Pay attention to the format requirements and writing specifications of the school, otherwise it is likely to be returned for revision. If you still don't understand or know nothing, you can ask me. I hope you can graduate smoothly and move towards a new life.
Thesis outline can be divided into simple outline and detailed outline. A simple outline is highly generalized, which only shows the main points of the paper, and how to develop it is not involved. Although this outline is simple, it can be written fluently because of its thoughtfulness. Without this preparation, it is difficult to write fluently while thinking.
Simple outline example
Take "Thoughts on Cultivating and Perfecting the Construction Labor Market" as an example, you can write a simple outline as follows:
I. Introduction
Second, this theory
(A) the prerequisite for cultivating the construction labor market
(B) the basic situation of the current construction labor market
(C) countermeasures to cultivate and improve the construction labor market
Three. conclusion
Detailed outline example
A detailed outline is a detailed list of the main arguments and expanding parts of the paper. If you prepare a detailed outline before writing, you can write more fluently. Let's take "Thoughts on Cultivating and Perfecting the Construction Labor Market" as an example to introduce the writing method of the detailed outline:
I. Introduction
1. Put forward the central topic;
2. Explain the writing intention.
Second, this theory
(A) the prerequisite for cultivating the construction labor market
1. The establishment of the market economic system has created a macro environment for the emergence of the construction labor market;
2. The formation of construction product market puts forward realistic requirements for the cultivation of construction labor market;
3. The deepening of urban and rural system reform provides a reliable guarantee for the formation of the construction labor market;
4. The establishment of the construction labor market is the inherent requirement of the employment particularity of the construction industry.
(B) the basic situation of the current construction labor market
1. A buyer's market where supply exceeds demand;
2. An invisible market with a market and no market;
3. It is easy to enter the deformed market that is difficult to exit;
4. Spontaneous market of disorderly trading.
(C) countermeasures to cultivate and improve the construction labor market
1. unify thinking and understanding, and change spontaneous trading into conscious supervision;
2. Accelerate the establishment of rules and regulations, and change disorderly transactions into standardized transactions;
3. Improve the market network and change intangible transactions into tangible transactions;
4. Adjust the management structure and change personal flow into team flow;
5. Deepen employment reform and change one-way flow into two-way flow.
Three. conclusion
1, outlining the current market situation of construction services and our tasks;
2. Echo the preface at the beginning.
The simple outline and detailed outline mentioned above are the skeleton and main points of the paper. Which one to choose depends on the author's needs. If you are thoughtful and meticulous, it is not a big problem to use a simple outline; However, if the investigation is not well thought out, a detailed outline must be used, otherwise it will be difficult to write a qualified graduation thesis. In short, it will be much more convenient to write an outline before writing a graduation thesis.
Steps to write an outline
(1) Determine the abstract of the paper, and then supplement the materials to form a summary of the full text.
Abstract is the prototype of content outline. General books and teaching reference books have abstracts reflecting the contents of the whole book, so that readers can know the general contents of the book as soon as they turn over the abstracts. When writing a paper, we also need to write an abstract first. List the title, headline and subtitle of the paper before writing, and then insert the selected materials to form a summary of the content of the paper.
(2) The distribution of pages of the original paper
After writing the abstract of graduation thesis, we should consider the length of the thesis and the number of words to be written in each part of the article according to the content of the thesis. If you plan to write an original paper of 20 pages (300 words per page), you can consider using 1 page for the preface, 17 page for the paper and 1-2 page for the conclusion. Part of this theory will be reissued. If this theory has four items, the first item can be 3-4 pages, the second item can be 4-5 pages, the third item can be 3-4 pages, and the fourth item can be 6-7 pages. With this allocation, it is convenient to equip and organize materials, and writing can be more planned. The length of graduation thesis is generally 5000-6000 words, because it is too short, it is difficult to tell the problem thoroughly, and it should not be too long as a graduation thesis, which is determined by the theoretical basis and practical experience of ordinary college and undergraduate students.
(3) Write an outline
Thesis outline can be divided into simple outline and detailed outline. A simple outline is highly generalized, which only shows the main points of the paper, and how to develop it is not involved. Although this outline is simple, it can be written fluently because of its thoughtfulness. Without this preparation, it is difficult to write fluently while thinking.
The outline of the paper is the concrete embodiment of the author's conception and article. It is convenient for the author to organize the materials and arguments in an orderly manner. With a good outline, we can grasp the basic skeleton of the whole paper and make the structure of the paper complete and unified. We can distinguish levels, clarify key points, carefully plan the layout of articles, and organically unify general arguments and sub-arguments; You can also arrange, organize and use materials according to the requirements of each part, and decide whether to choose or not to give full play to the role of materials. There are two ways to write the outline of the paper: write a title in short words to summarize the content of this part. This writing is concise and clear, but only the author can understand it. Graduation thesis outline generally can't use this method. Sentence writing: summarize this part in a sentence form that can express the complete meaning. This kind of writing is specific and clear, and others can understand it after reading it, but it takes time and effort. The outline writing of graduation thesis should be handed over to the instructor for reading, so this writing method is needed. Writing principles:
1: Have a global concept.
2. Decide the choice of materials from the central argument.
3. To consider the logical relationship between the parts.
4. The basic structure of the paper consists of three parts: preface, ontology and conclusion. The preface and conclusion in the middle of the outline should be short. This theory is the focus of the full text, and it is the part to be written in pen and ink, so it should be listed in detail in the outline.
From my own experience, first of all, you have to determine the topic. Choosing a topic is very important. You have to feel that you have something to say and your own point of view to elaborate. Personally, I prefer hot and focused things to those that are poorly written. After the topic is selected, go to find the information. You can search related information on the Internet, and you'd better search the periodical network of the school library. I will sort out the information and print it out after the search, because it is very tiring to watch it on the computer. After printing, you can look at the information and see how others wrote it. If you have any new ideas and creativity, you can mark the number on each material to show the difference. Ok, then prepare to write.
Paper outline format:
Papers are generally divided into three parts, asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems. You can look at the information and make an outline at the same time, such as:
introduce
First, the concept and characteristics of XX problem
Second, the pros and cons of ××
(A) the value of XX
(B) the disadvantages of XX
Third, the solution of the problem.
( 1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
label
1. Title: accurate, concise, eye-catching and novel.
2. Table of Contents: A table of contents is a brief list of main paragraphs in a paper. (Essays don't need to be listed in the table of contents)
3. Abstract: It is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short and pithy content. The number of words can be as few as dozens, and it is advisable not to exceed 300 words.
4. Keywords or subject words: keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, and are words with substantive significance to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content characteristics of papers, which are convenient for information systems to collect and provide readers with retrieval. Generally, 3-8 words are selected as keywords for each paper, and a new line is set at the bottom left of the "abstract". Subject words are standard words. When determining the subject words, the paper should have a theme, and according to the indexing and collocation rules, it should be converted into standardized words in the subject glossary.
5. Paper body: (1) Introduction: Introduction, also known as preface, preface and introduction, is used at the beginning of the paper. The introduction should generally write the author's intention, explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme. (2) Text of the paper: The text is the main body of the paper and should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusions. The main part includes the following contents: a. Proposition-demonstration; B. analyzing the problem-arguments and arguments; C. solving problems-demonstration and steps; D. conclusion.
6. The references of the paper refer to the main documents listed at the end of the paper that can be referenced or quoted in writing. References should be marked on a new page according to GB77 14-87 "Description Rules of References at the End of Documents". English: Title-Author-Publication Information (edition, publishing house, publication date): Author-Title-Requirements for references listed in publication information: (1) The listed references should be official publications for readers' textual research. (2) The listed references shall be marked with serial numbers, titles of works or articles, authors and publication information.