Laozi (604 BC-53 BC1year) lived in the same period as Confucius (5565438 BC+0 BC-479 BC) and was the founder of Taoism. According to Historical Records, his real name is Li Er. His home was Qurenli in Guxian County, Li Xiang (now Luyi County, Henan Province). Later, he went to Luoyang, the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, and became a dynasty historian. Here? He once met Confucius, who asked him for etiquette, so he can be regarded as Confucius' teacher. I have been a historian for a long time, but I was disappointed with the decline of the Zhou royal family, so I resigned and lived in seclusion. It is said that at the request of Guanyin, he wrote Laozi with 5,000 words, which was later called Tao Te Ching.
Laozi's life basically consists of two periods: a historian and a hermit. Historians have extensive knowledge of nature, society and life, because they are responsible for the relationship between heaven and etiquette and record history. With this knowledge, he became a consultant to emperors and nobles, so he had a close relationship with politics. The experience of a hermit enables Lao Zi to get rid of the shackles of his profession and reflect on the real society with a more free mind. In this way, rich knowledge, free thinking, coupled with the turbulent society, * * * created a profound thought embodied in the Tao Te Ching.
Zhuangzi
Zhuangzi is the successor and developer of Laozi's thought, and later generations often refer to him as Laozi, collectively known as Laozi and Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi, Zhou, was born in Songmengcheng. Life in Zhuangzi is very poor. He wears rough patched clothes and sometimes borrows food from others to satisfy his hunger.
Zhuangzi's thoughts are mainly embodied in the book Zhuangzi. There were at the earliest 52 articles100000 in Zhuangzi. Later, after being abridged by some people, I went to Guo Xiang in the Jin Dynasty. It is determined to be 33 articles with more than 70,000 words. The whole Zhuangzi can be regarded as the literature of Zhuangzi School.
2. The relationship between two people
The two of them are collectively called "Laozi and Zhuangzi".
Is a representative figure of Taoism.
3. Ideology is the same as * * *
Laozi and Zhuangzi's social thoughts are all developed from the concepts of "retreat" and "seclusion", so their spirit is to protect themselves and not negotiate with society. This is because the social unrest at that time was so fierce that philosophers could not reform it, but there was no other way. When they have no choice, they have to retreat and can only seek self-protection.
Laozi knows the truth that the strong will destroy, the sharp will frustrate, the full will overflow and the strong will destroy, so his self-sufficiency lies in preventing interference, being humble when weak, sharing glory with others, and being anonymous at last.
And Zhuangzi's spirit, is to seek detachment, but he was born with a skeleton, there is no way to abandon, so just seek spiritual freedom. Therefore, the Lord "ties" and "forgets" and removes all subjective thoughts and desires. On the one hand, it is as carefree as Tao; On the one hand, there is no intention to respond to things and adapt to changes. Zhuangzi doesn't want to be ranked first or second when he gets along with others. "Good has no near name, evil has no near punishment, and the ruler thinks that classics can last a lifetime." Like a lonely leaf, it floats on the boundless sea, drifting with the tide and letting it be. Because the solitary leaf is shaped like a piece of wood and its heart is like a dying ember, it is useless from beginning to end (useless to the social crowd), but it can preserve itself (but useful to itself). This result is the same as Lao Mu's self-concealment and not leaving a name.
Therefore, as far as the spirit of life is concerned, both Lao Zi and Zhuangzi belong to recluse thoughts, but only on different grounds. Laozi retired and was unable to be modest, while Zhuangzi retired and was careless and useless.
4. Differences in ideas
Differences between Zhuangzi and Laozi
(1) Laozi is still concerned about solving political problems, while Zhuangzi kicks aside political problems and directly seeks the great liberation of life spirit.
(2) Laozi put forward "nothing" and "you", and Zhuangzi further put forward "you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you and you". In addition, Laozi has a series of internal and external differences, such as "the body is outside the body after the body is in front of the body", while Zhuangzi denies and transcends all the concepts of duality by "heaven and earth coexist with me, and foreign things are one with me".
(3) Laozi knew "constancy", while Zhuangzi ignored constancy and impermanence and advocated the concept of "materialization". Laozi was later adopted by Legalists, but Zhuangzi remained the same. Maybe we can say that Zhuangzi was born of Lao Zi, and he is like you. His thoughts are obviously more mature than Lao Zi's.
(4) How do Zhuang Zi view life and death? What are the similarities and differences between them?
Laozi: Life is endless, and everything is equal. Not deliberately rejecting natural death, but opposing unnatural death.
Zhuangzi: The cycle of life and death is like the alternation of day and night. I have a calm attitude towards everything and death, and even think that death is a great pleasure.