Key knowledge points of Chinese narrative in the first day of junior high school
1. Six elements: the person, time, place, cause, process and result of the event.
2. Person: the first person (authentic), the second person (more intimate) and the third person (more extensive).
3. Clues: ① Character line (characters' experiences, feelings or deeds) ② Object line (things with special significance) ③ Emotional line (changes in the thoughts and feelings of the main characters in the author or works) ④ Event line (central event) ⑤ Time line ⑤ Location line.
4. Sequence: sequence, flashback, insertion, supplementary narrative and classification (plain narrative).
5. Division: According to the development process, spatial transformation, content change, people, scene change, emotional change and expression change of the event.
6. Performance: narration and description (portrait, language, movement, psychology, environment, etc. Or front, side, details), discussion, lyric, explanation, etc.
7. Language features: vivid, vivid and concrete.
8. Expression techniques: description, contrast, rendering, comparison, bedding, symbol, metaphor, seeing the big from the small, trying to promote the first, expressing feelings with the scenery, expressing aspirations with things, and supporting ambitions with things.
How to find clues?
The title of the article, every recurring event, lyrical sentences in the article, the author's thoughts and feelings (changes), the experience and feelings of a certain character: the orderly combination of the content of the article, the character's ideological character, and the ins and outs of the matter.
Narrative order?
1. Time sequence: it is written in the order of occurrence, development and end (time sequence). Function: Make the article clear, with a beginning and an end, and give people a vivid impression.
2. Flashback: Write what happened later in front, and then describe it in order. Function: avoid straightforward narration, enhance the vividness and fascination of the article.
3. Interpolation: In the narrative process, due to the need of content, interrupt the narrative of the original plot, insert relevant plots or events, and then continue the original narrative. Function (such as recalling the past): supplement and set off the central content (people or events) of the article, enrich the plot and deepen the theme.
How to describe characters?
1. Portrait (appearance) description [including expression description] (description of characters' appearance, clothes, expressions, postures, etc. ): explain the identity, status, situation, experience, psychological state, ideological character and so on.
2. Language (dialogue) description
3. Action (action) description: The image vividly shows the psychology (emotion) of the character and reflects the character characteristics or spiritual quality of the character. Sometimes it also promotes the development of the plot.
4. Psychological description: The image vividly reflects the thoughts of the characters and reveals the character or quality of the characters. The commonly used rhetorical methods are metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, antithesis, quotation, rhetorical question, repetition, contrast, metonymy and irony.
1. Metaphor: Metaphor is "analogy". That is, to grasp the similarities between two different things and compare one thing with another. There are three types of metaphors: simile, metaphor and metonymy. Function: turn plain into vivid; Turn abstruse into simple; Turn abstract into concrete; Turn verbosity into conciseness. Used for narration, explanation and description, it can make things vivid, vivid and concrete, and give people a vivid impression; When it is used in argumentative writing, it can concretize abstract truth and make abstruse truth easy to understand. The most commonly used are vivid images.
2. personification: write things as adults, endow things with people's words and deeds or thoughts and feelings, and describe things with words that describe people. Function: Personalize specific things and visualize language.
3. Exaggeration: deliberately exaggerating or narrowing the nature and characteristics of things. Function: Reveal the essence of things, set off the atmosphere, strengthen the rendering power and cause the associative effect.
4. parallelism: three or more sentences or components with the same or similar structure, consistent tone and related meaning are arranged together. Function: enhance language momentum, strengthen expression effect, emphasize content and aggravate feelings. Accustomed to reasoning, can explain the truth more closely and thoroughly; Used to express feelings, can express feelings to the fullest.
5. Metonymy: Metonymy does not directly state the person or thing to be expressed, but replaces it with something related to it. Function: It can highlight the image and make it concrete and vivid.
6. Exaggeration: Exaggeration refers to the reasonable and intentional expansion or contraction of the original things in pursuit of a certain performance effect. Function: set off the atmosphere, enhance association and give people inspiration. Can arouse rich imagination, better highlight the characteristics of things, and arouse readers' strong * * *
7. Duality: a pair of phrases or sentences with equal words, relative parts of speech, the same structure and related meanings. Function: Formally, the syllables are neat and symmetrical, with strong sense of rhythm and beautiful melody; The content is concise and concentrated, with strong generality.
8. Repetition: deliberately repeating a word or sentence to emphasize a certain meaning or feeling. Types of repetition: continuous repetition and interval repetition. There are no other words in the middle of continuous repetition. There are other words in interval repetition.
9. Ask questions: In order to attract others' attention, deliberately ask questions first and then answer them yourself. Function: Remind people to think, and some highlight certain contents.
10. rhetorical question: there is no doubt that there is no problem. Express clear meaning in the form of questions, express negation in the form of affirmation, and express affirmation in the form of negation.
1 1. Quote: Quote existing words to improve the effect of language expression, which can be divided into direct quotation and indirect quotation.
12. Metonymy: Replace what you want to express with related things. Types of metonymy: features replace things, concreteness replaces abstractness, and parts replace the whole.
13. Irony: Use words or sentences opposite to the original intention to express the original intention, and enhance the expression effect by saying irony. Some satirize and expose, while others express intimate and friendly feelings.
The answer to the reading questions of narrative and literary works mainly starts from two aspects:
First of all, summarize the content of the article and grasp the following points:
(1) To grasp the elements of narrative, the main writer should specify what to write, and the main writer should specify what kind of person to write.
(2) Grasp the key sentences and try to figure out why the author wrote these people and things.
(3) Analyze the relationship between layers, clarify the context of the article, and then summarize the central idea of the article to understand the author's thoughts and feelings.
The second is to find out the structural characteristics and forms of expression of narrative and literary works. Master the following methods of dividing paragraphs:
(1) according to the change of time and space (2) according to the change of the author's thoughts and feelings (3) according to the change of narrative content (4) according to the change of description angle and development stage.
In content, paragraphs are answered by connecting the center and meaning (thoughts and feelings)
Structurally: total score
The paragraph is at the beginning: always start with the full text, paving the way for the following, forming suspense, laying the emotional tone and taking care of the topic.
The paragraph is in the middle: connecting the preceding with the following, taking care of the above, causing the following,
At the end of the paragraph: summarize the full text or quote the theme or echo from beginning to end, deepen the theme and sublimate the theme.
Key knowledge points of Chinese argumentative writing in junior one.
Argumentative writing is a style that analyzes and comments on a certain issue or thing and shows one's own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and propositions.
1. Features: discussion expression is the main expression, and other expressions can also be used concurrently; Express opinions or opinions clearly; Prove one's views or opinions with sufficient materials.
2. Elements: ① Views and attitudes towards the issues under discussion. There are two kinds of arguments: the central argument and the sub-argument. Some argumentative essays only have the central argument, while others have both.
(2) The materials and basis for proving the argument. There are two kinds of arguments: factual arguments and theoretical arguments.
③ Demonstrate the process and method of proving an argument with arguments. There are two kinds of arguments: induction (from individual to general) and deduction (from general to individual).
3. Classification: make a paper (discuss its views from the front and explain the correctness of its views); Refute a paper.
4. Structure:
(1) Basic structure: Introduction (at the beginning, ask questions); This theory (the main part, analyzing the problem); Conclusion (the last part, solving the problem).
(2) Argumentation structure: parallel (the level, paragraph and argument of the article are parallel and equal); Contrast (comparing two things under discussion); Step by step (the level of discussion is promoted and deepened step by step); Total score formula (total before division, division before total, total-subtotal)
5. Methods:
Example method: illustrate the point with typical examples.
Quote: Quote classics or famous sayings and proverbs to prove an argument.
Metaphor: Illustrate the argument with the help of image metaphor.
Contrast: to illustrate an argument with opposite examples or comparisons.
Explanatory genre
Generally speaking, description is given priority to, and narrative, description and discussion are also used. The main content is to explain or introduce the shape, nature, origin, structure, function, category or physical meaning, characteristics and evolution of things. Taking objectivity and accuracy as the basic requirement generally does not indicate the author's emotional tendency.
1. Type: thing description and thing explanation.
2. Explain the characteristics of written language: the premise is accuracy, and there are two basic styles: plain and vivid.
3. The common order of interpretation is: chronological order, spatial order, logical order.
Logical order: refers to determining the order of explaining content according to the relationship between things or parts within things.
Chronology: introduce something according to the sequence of events. Time sequence can be used appropriately in the article.
It is necessary to make the finishing point and explain clearly so that readers can see at a glance, so the chronological order of the articles is also a unique skill. Spatial order: Explain things in the order of their spatial structure, or introduce them from outside to inside, or from top to bottom, or from whole to part. This order of explanation is conducive to comprehensively explaining the characteristics of all aspects of things. This order is usually used to describe static entities (such as buildings).
4. Common interpretation methods: example, analogy, definition, illustration, explanation, comparison, imitation, quotation, classification and numbering.
Key words knowledge points of junior one Chinese
Lesson 65438. Walking Mo Huaiqi
First, keywords
1. Add some words below.
Disagreement, q Get down dūn
2. Explain the following words.
(1) grievance: I feel sad when I am accused or treated improperly.
(2) sparkling: describe the clarity of water.
(3) Everyone is in his place: everyone or everything has been properly placed.
Second, memorize the knowledge list of key sentences.
In one place, I squatted down to carry my mother, and my wife squatted down to carry my son. Although my mother is tall, she is thin and naturally not heavy. Although her son is fat, he is young and naturally young. My wife and I walk slowly, steadily and carefully, as if what I recite and what she recite add up to the whole world.
Third, literature (style) knowledge list backrest common sense
1. Add some words below.
t ān hu？ n sh？ Yang Zhu? Bi? Qi? o cu？ f？ ng sh？ n wān d？ u
Don't be tired and thin, just like eating peas. ..
Second, the question:
1. What is the main content of this text?
This article tells the story of a seriously ill mother, taking care of her paralyzed son and encouraging him to live a good life, praising the great selfless maternal love.
Four things are written in the text:
(1) 1 When? Me? My mother comforted me when I lost my temper.
(2) The mother was seriously ill, but she didn't tell her son and didn't want to add pain to her son.
(3) mother begged? Me? Go to see flowers
(4) Mother's dying entrustment
2.？ Me? Why did her mother's flowers die after her legs were paralyzed?
A: Because? Me? Mother is exhausted and can't take care of these flowers anymore.
3. What does the article say? Me? Sit by the window and watch the fallen leaves. Mom came in and stood at the window? . How do you understand mother's behavior of blocking fallen leaves?
Because my mother wants to go? Me? Being in a better mood will also help the illness.
4. Why? Me? Mother was on pins and needles when she promised to see the flowers? Why? Me? Blame her? Are you bored? But she smiled? What does this mean?
A: Because my mother saw it? Hope? , this is? Me? Promise your mother to bring it for the first time? Me? Go and play.
5. Has Mother ever said that before? Have a good time? And finally? Me? Say? Have a good time? What do they mean? What role does this play in the structure of the article?
1 A: Because my mother knew she was dying, she wanted to let her go? Me? Take care in the future. Write it later? Have a good time? what's up Me? Knowing my mother's good intentions, I decided to take good care of myself. From the article structure? Echo before and after? Effect. Lesson three. Antelope woodcarving Zhang Zhilu
First, keywords
1. Add some words below.
Eat j, eat, eat, eat, eat, eat, eat Enzuzu? n
2. Explain the following words.
(1) Repent: Repent or deny your previous promise.
(2) inseparable: describe the close relationship with each other.
(3) Make your own decisions: Make your own decisions without consulting others.
(4) loyalty: loyalty.
(5) Carelessness: I don't care at all.
Second, memorize the knowledge list of key sentences.
I just looked at her and cried. I think I am the saddest person in the world! Because I broke my word to my friend. What a disgraceful thing I have done!
Third, literature (style) knowledge list backrest common sense
1. The author of Woodcarving of Antelope is Zhang Zhilu, which is a narrative (genre).
1. Add some words below.
Hide n? Laugh at x i? Knee xi
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
(1) If I become a golden flower, I will grow on a tall branch, laughing happily and dancing in the air. Mom, will you know me?
(2) Mom, if you see a white boat in your dream,/don't be surprised that he dreams for no reason. /This is your beloved tearful daughter, Wan Shui Qian Shan/Please ask him to take her love and sorrow home.
Second, memorize the knowledge list of key sentences.
1. I am still not discouraged. I always hope that a person can only flow where I want him to go.
When the shadow of that tree falls on your hair and knees, I will cast my little shadow on your page, where you are reading.
Third, paragraph recitation knowledge list
Write the fourth paragraph of "Golden Flower" silently.
When you take a shower, put your wet hair on your shoulders, walk through the shade of golden flowers and walk to the yard where you pray, you will smell the flowers, but you don't know that the fragrance comes from me.
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