Paper on Financial Management of Supermarket (1)
Research on Financial Management Countermeasures of Chain Supermarket
China Library Classification. : F275 document number: a document number:1009-4202 (2013) 06-000-01.
Financial management plays a role in controlling, organizing and allocating resources in enterprise management. This paper aims to explore the financial management countermeasures of chain supermarkets.
Keywords: supermarket chain financial management countermeasures
First, moderate expansion, control liabilities and maintain a reasonable capital structure.
Optimizing the financial structure is the key to the steady development of every enterprise, and supermarket chains are no exception. Its specific signs are low comprehensive capital cost, high financial leverage and moderate financial risk. Chain supermarkets should constantly ensure the dynamic optimization of financial structure through scientific means according to the changes of business environment.
1. Optimize the capital structure
Supermarkets should determine an appropriate proportion structure between equity capital and debt capital, so that the debt level can always be kept at a reasonable level and cannot exceed their own affordability. The debt ratio can be controlled. Enterprises can use financial leverage to offset the adverse effects of increased risks by reasonably arranging capital structure and moderate liabilities. Therefore, it is particularly important to form a reasonable capital structure and determine a reasonable debt ratio. The long-term development of an enterprise needs the cooperation of foreign funds and its own funds, which requires both borrowing and not borrowing too much.
2. Optimize the debt structure
The cash flow of supermarket chains is very abundant, so its debt comes from not only bank loans, but also a considerable part of supplier positions occupied by delayed payment, which determines that short-term liabilities account for a considerable proportion in its debt structure. In view of this, it is difficult for chain supermarkets to keep the coordination between expected cash flow and debt maturity, which requires supermarkets to reasonably determine the debt maturity structure and balance the proportion of long-term and short-term liabilities on the premise of allowing cash flow fluctuations, so as to determine the proportion of long-term and short-term liabilities that can minimize supermarket risks and maximize profitability. In addition, we should also pay attention to the changes in the local economic and financial situation and exchange rate, adjust the bank structure of loans, and try our best to avoid over-concentration of financing from a financial institution or settlement of loans or businesses in a single currency, so as to prevent and reduce the risks of loans and exchange rates.
3. Do your best to control the investment risk.
Strengthen the feasibility investigation and demonstration of investment projects, make the project evaluation scientific and professional, and try to control the probability of expected risks to a minimum. Resolutely put an end to investment decisions? A word? 、? Pat your head, clap your thighs twice, and finally pat your ass and leave? The phenomenon of "three auctions" has a perfect scientific evaluation system for each newly opened chain store from project establishment, site selection to opening, and professional institutions can be hired to participate in decision-making when necessary. Chain supermarkets must have scale to develop, but the growth of scale should be based on good performance. However, we must not expand the scale regardless of reality. Once the investment project is poorly managed, it will seriously endanger the survival of the whole chain system. Those who maliciously occupy the position of suppliers to expand should be resolutely put an end to, because the risk of long-term use of short-term funds is self-evident. Moreover, although the practice of maliciously defaulting on suppliers' payment can bring considerable cash flow to supermarkets for a period of time, it is at the expense of suppliers' interests and mutually beneficial cooperation, which will inevitably lead to resistance from suppliers. This may not be a big problem when the macro-economy is improving and the supermarket is operating well, but once the supermarket sales are not smooth, suppliers will attack it, from light to stop supplying, and then to heavy. Huarong Supermarket mentioned above is a good example.
Second, strengthen fund management.
1. Strengthen capital budget management
The financial department of the supermarket chain should prepare the annual capital budget plan at the beginning of the year, which consists of four parts: cash income, cash expenditure, cash surplus and deficiency, fund raising and utilization. Through the preparation of the enterprise's annual capital budget plan, we can make clear the key points of annual capital operation and the main uses of supermarket funds, which is convenient for the daily capital control of supermarkets and the mastery of capital turnover. Pulse? , save financing costs and avoid blind loans and unreasonable expenditures.
2. Strengthen capital risk management
The capital risk of an enterprise mainly includes use risk, transportation risk and contingent risk. The use risk of funds is mainly manifested in the investment risk of enterprises, which can be controlled in advance, so it is necessary to strengthen the control of this risk in advance. By setting hierarchical approval authority, there can be approval levels such as board of directors, president and chief financial officer, and each level has a clear approval amount. If the approved amount is within this level of authority, it can be approved. If it is above the authority, it needs to be reviewed at the same level and reported to the next higher level for approval until it has the right to examine and approve. The risk of funds in transit generally occurs in the process of enterprise fund settlement, so it is particularly important to choose settlement bills. General enterprises are mainly used for settlement business in the same city? Credit certificate? 、? Transfer check? As a safer solution. Contingent risks are mainly contingent liabilities formed by companies providing guarantees for other enterprises, including loan guarantees and business guarantees. The control of this point is mainly that every director of the enterprise should be diligent and conscientious, and be cautious and conscientious when approving external guarantees or loans, and strictly control them to reduce the debt risks arising from guarantees and loans.
3. Daily management of the use of funds
In the daily fund management of chain supermarkets, we should establish the main position of supermarket headquarters in the use of funds and carry out centralized control of funds in order to speed up the capital turnover and improve the efficiency of capital utilization. Supermarket headquarters should regularly and irregularly check the use of funds in stores, not only to understand the overall situation through daily accounting statements, but also to find deep-seated problems in the implementation of capital budget through special inspections, especially to track and manage accounts receivable, prepayments and other receivables one by one to prevent the loss of funds.
Third, implement comprehensive budget management.
Comprehensive budget is a system composed of a series of interrelated budgets, which brings all business activities of enterprises into the scope of budget management. Can chain supermarkets adopt budget management? Top-down, bottom-up and top-down? On the basis of comprehensive analysis of the budget implementation of the current year, the financial center of the supermarket headquarters determines the budget preparation principles according to the long-term strategy of the enterprise and the enterprise objectives of the next year, and issues them to all stores.
In the process of budget implementation, can it be implemented? The combination of authority management and exception management? The principle of. Authority management is to set up management authority for project investment, asset purchase, expenses and so on on the basis of comprehensive budget, and clarify the approval authority of various departments and levels.
Conclusion: With the continuous development of market economy and the continuous progress of human society, the management of modern enterprises is constantly showing new characteristics: modernization of management concepts, scientific management methods and automation of management means. Formed a multi-faceted, multi-level, multi-information, whole process and dynamic management system.
References:
[1] Wang Xuebao. On the construction of internal financial control system of chain enterprises? Heilongjiang foreign trade and economic cooperation bureau.
[2] Han. Enterprise financial risk and its control mechanism? Journal of Shanghai Economic Management Cadre College. 2007.9: 58-64。
Financial Management of Supermarkets (2)
Strengthen the financial management of chain supermarkets
As a commercial form, supermarkets have a history of 70 years abroad. In China, department stores and food supermarkets sprouted in the mid-1980s and entered the initial stage in the early 1990s. At present, supermarkets have entered the stage of segmentation and differentiation competition. With the acceleration of global economic integration, foreign supermarket chains will enter the China market at a faster speed and on a larger scale. Domestic supermarkets will face great threats if they don't speed up their development and improve their management level in recent years. Taking the supermarket in Cai Jian where the author is located as an example, this paper discusses how to strengthen the financial management of the supermarket.
First, establish and improve the financial control system suitable for the development of chain supermarkets.
(a) the implementation of comprehensive budget management. ? Comprehensive budget? That is, all business activities of the enterprise are included in the scope of budget management. The specific method is to make a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the financial budget at the end of each year. On this basis, the supermarket headquarters, together with relevant departments and stores, will study the enterprise objectives for the next year, and then revise and supplement them according to the reported operating budget and special decision-making budget, prepare the first draft of the financial budget, and finally issue it after being approved by the manager's office meeting. Do we execute the financial budget? Authority management and important project reporting system? Combination of management methods. ? Permission management? That is to say, on the basis of comprehensive budget, the examination and approval authority is set for investment projects, expenses and goods procurement. For example, the development department is responsible for the management of investment projects, and the advertising fee and business fee are managed by the operation department and the office respectively. Through authority management, we can implement economic responsibility and ensure the realization of budget objectives. ? Important project reporting system? Mainly suitable for chain stores, the content of the report is expenses, and the purpose of the report is to control. Because all stores are independent accounting units, in order to strengthen management, it is stipulated that all extrabudgetary expenditures should be reported to the headquarters for approval; All the expenses monitored by the headquarters in the budget, such as advertising fees and repair fees, should be reported in accordance with the company's expense management measures, and can only be spent after the consent of the headquarters. Important project reporting system can not only let the headquarters know the expenditure of monitoring projects in subordinate stores in time, but also help stores to strengthen management awareness.
In the process of financial budget implementation, it is necessary to highlight the rigidity of the budget, and the focus of management is to implement process control. The financial department should keep abreast of the dynamic economic operation, find out the situation, find out the reasons in time, and put forward solutions to the problems. For the deviation caused by budget reasons, it is necessary to revise the budget indicators so that the budget can really play a guiding role in the economy.
(2) Actively participate in investment decisions.
1, participate in the feasibility study and analysis of investment projects and improve the management of investment projects. The premise of investment project decision-making is feasibility analysis. Due to different commercial and financial considerations, financial participation and research and analysis from the initial stage of investment projects can make the investment plan more perfect. The method we adopt is that, on the basis of the investigation results of investment projects, the development department and the finance department prepare a set of feasibility analysis reports respectively, and then the relevant departments determine the feasibility of the project, and then report it to the group for approval according to the procedures stipulated by the group. In practice, this has really improved the success rate of project investment and reduced the investment risk.
2, infrastructure projects to implement the bidding system. Bidding is a highly professional job, and supermarket headquarters, as a construction unit, often lacks experience in this field. In order to ensure the objectivity, fairness and rationality of the bidding content and safeguard the economic interests of all parties, social intermediary organizations with rich professional knowledge and practical experience can be invited to participate. At the same time, strengthen contract management to prevent the contract from being inconsistent with the tender.
3. Implement the project supervision system and the completed project price system. Engineering supervision is the dynamic management of the whole process on behalf of the construction unit, which protects the interests of the construction unit. Therefore, supervision can not only effectively supervise the project quality and construction progress, but also ensure that the project is completed on time with good quality and control the cost. Implementing the price evaluation system of completed projects is also an effective work to improve the project management level. In the past, the problem of high final accounts of construction units was very prominent, and large-scale projects were not evaluated after completion, which led to the loss of enterprise assets. Although most enterprises have implemented the project completion evaluation system, which effectively curbed the phenomenon of inflated final accounts of construction units, it has not been fundamentally stopped. Therefore, it is necessary for enterprises to entrust intermediaries to evaluate completed projects. Finance should control the payment according to the progress of the project when paying the project, and it is strictly forbidden to pay over budget.
(3) Strengthening the management of settlement funds. Strengthening fund management is the central link of financial management. Large supermarket chains have the characteristics of large money flow, short idle time and large flow precipitation. Therefore, according to these characteristics, finance should allocate and use funds scientifically and reasonably to create benefits for enterprises.
1, centralized management. Centralized management can speed up the turnover of decentralized precipitation funds and improve the efficiency of fund use. In gymnastics, the supermarket headquarters invests in the fund management center to undertake the functions of fund use, scheduling and management. In principle, independent accounting supermarkets open two accounts: one is basic deposit account, which is used for daily expenses within the budget, and the funds are allocated by the fund management center; The other settlement account is used for the collection and payment of funds other than daily expenses, such as the collection of sales money and payment of payment for goods, and the headquarters monitors them in real time through remote inquiry and online banking. For non-independent accounting supermarkets, the reserve fund system is implemented, and the operating funds are directly credited to the designated account of the headquarters.
2. Payment should be settled by credit. The financial department should determine different account periods and payment forms of commodities according to the different breakeven points and turnover rates of commodities, and actively adopt commercial credit and other settlement methods to save interest expenses. Now, by cooperating with the bank, I promise everything. Beautiful home? When the customer needs to discount the commercial acceptance bill, the bank guarantees to meet it. Thereby playing a positive role in further improving the efficiency of capital use.
3, capital operation, open up enterprise financial resources. The centralized management of funds makes it possible for enterprises to operate funds. The biggest feature of supermarket sales is the large flow of money and funds, and the payment for goods is generally paid by appointment. Therefore, from the end of the last payment to the next payment, there will always be a short-term precipitation process of funds. When the supermarket chain develops to a certain scale, the amount of funds that can be operated in a short period of time will increase accordingly, and the funds can be operated by means of agreed deposit interest rate, entrusted loan, short-term securities investment, fund custody, etc., so as to increase the efficiency of enterprises.
(4) Strengthen inventory control. Strengthening inventory management is beneficial for enterprises to further reduce operating costs. Chain supermarket goods have the characteristics of fast turnover, large flow, many varieties and uniform specifications; In the form of sales, it is mainly open-shelf display and customer selection. In view of these characteristics, enterprises should strengthen commodity management from the following aspects.
1, purchase link. First of all, the headquarters should establish a unified commodity catalogue. Whether the store purchases goods by itself or the headquarters purchases goods centrally, the entered goods must be in the catalogue. The advantage of this is to strengthen the unified management of commodity quality and price. The headquarters will improve the catalogue from time to time and adhere to the principle of survival of the fittest. Those who enter the catalogue must be goods with market competitiveness, price advantage and guaranteed quality. Secondly, it is necessary to establish and improve the computer information management system, systematically analyze the single purchase, sale and storage of each commodity through the computer, and form a procurement decision-making system with computer decision-making as the main part and manual correction as the supplement; Finance is mainly to control the purchase price of goods in the purchase process. Before each payment, you must open the customer information database for verification to prevent the supplier's price from being too high and the discount from being underestimated.
2. Store the link. Finance can analyze the breakeven point and turnover rate of commodities, and feed back the results to the purchasing department, modify the parameters of the computer purchasing decision-making system, and continuously improve the inventory structure. At the same time, because the supermarket sales form is open-shelf sales, we should strengthen commodity inventory, promote inventory management through inventory, effectively prevent the theft of goods in shopping malls and reduce the loss rate of goods.
3. Return to the link. Enterprise return involves two aspects: withdrawal of purchase and return of sales. Quality, style, price and other factors are the main reasons for returning goods; Stock withdrawal management is the settlement of payment, especially the buyout of business goods, and the transmission of business and financial information must be timely and correct to prevent bad debts. Some supermarkets, such as building materials supermarkets full of building materials supermarkets, offer after-sales service content that surplus goods can be returned. The key management of sales return is to ensure the quality of goods and prevent damaged and deteriorated goods from returning to the warehouse.
(5) Improve the internal control system. Building materials supermarket stores have the same format, unified operation process and consistent management requirements, which is convenient for standardized management of enterprises. To implement standardized management, first, establish and improve enterprise rules and regulations, with emphasis on two aspects: first, post responsibilities, that is, clearly define the work content, responsibility scope and requirements of each post, and the connection between departments and personnel. The second is to standardize the operation process, whether it is a big project or a small cost, it is necessary to stipulate the operation process procedures and clarify the examination and approval authority. When formulating job responsibilities and operating procedures, we must fully consider whether the internal control is perfect. Secondly, strengthen and improve the supervision mechanism of enterprises, supervise and inspect the implementation of rules and regulations by all departments and personnel of enterprises, formulate corresponding assessment methods, and link rewards and punishments with personal work performance, service quality and law-abiding to ensure the normal and safe operation of economic business.
Second, establish a computer analysis and management system.
(A) the implementation of computerized accounting network management. At present, supermarkets are no longer isolated and single stores, but are characterized by intensive, continuous and cross-regional operations. After the headquarters connects the store to the Internet, it can be monitored in real time through the remote query function. The content of monitoring can be all the information of financial accounting as required, and it can also be a certain aspect of information; Put forward improvement suggestions in time when problems are found in monitoring, improve management efficiency and enhance the breadth and depth of accounting management; And provide a unified accounting system and accounting model for all stores of the company, and provide technical support for enterprises to realize national chain in financial management.
(B) the establishment of financial information exchange center (financial MIS system). For the finance department, because there are many supermarket chains, the headquarters often has a lot of information to inform the stores in time; On the contrary, the store also has a lot of information feedback to the headquarters. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a high-speed and convenient two-way information exchange platform, that is, financial MIS system. In this MIS system, direct point-to-point information exchange can be carried out between headquarters and stores, and between stores, and financial meetings can also be held regularly in series, which is very helpful for solving the internal transaction check of chain enterprises and solving the accounting problems between them.
Externally, such a MIS system has an external interface. Through the control of authority, the leaders of enterprises or other departments can know the statements and figures they are interested in, so as to know the situation at the first time and make decisions, and at the same time feed back their requirements and attitudes to the financial department, so that the financial department can provide information or make financial treatment quickly.
(three) the establishment of financial funds electronic audit system. Because of the geographical dispersion and centralized management of headquarters funds, it is often inconvenient for chain supermarkets to review and pay the funds used by stores. That is to say, when a store needs money, because the store is too far away from the headquarters or the authorized signatory of the headquarters goes out, it affects the efficiency of examination and approval and is not conducive to the financial budget arrangement of the headquarters. The use of electronic audit system can avoid the above contradictions. Approvers can log in to the system for approval anytime and anywhere. After the electronic signature is approved? Documents? Flow to the finance department, and the finance department will follow? Documents? Arranging unified payment of funds on the expected payment date enhances the timeliness of fund use and facilitates financial fund arrangement and fund budget management.
(four) timely analysis of data. To do a good job of data analysis, it is necessary to establish a computer data analysis module, which must be scientific and practical, meet the needs of enterprise management, and solve possible problems in management. When analyzing commodities, we should not only have large-scale analysis data, but also pay attention to individual analysis, and the analysis indicators can be set according to management needs. The analysis indicators mainly include: commodity turnover rate, gross profit margin, break-even point, and the influence of related indicators on the overall indicators. Through index analysis, we can improve the inventory structure, speed up commodity turnover and further improve the profitability of enterprises.
Three, the establishment of a unified settlement management center
Establishing a unified settlement management center is the inevitable trend of the development of chain supermarkets. We adopt the methods of store confirmation and payment from headquarters. Confirmation will not be processed until a few days after the supplier delivers the goods. After confirmation, the supplier will send the sales invoice to the relevant store. Therefore, the supplier borrows money at least twice. With the increase of the number of stores, the workload of suppliers is very heavy, which is not conducive to the expansion of chain enterprises. Therefore, a unified settlement center should be established. This settlement center has an Internet-based platform, which can provide suppliers with the settlement lists of all stores, and pay them uniformly after receiving the invoices from suppliers, which is convenient for suppliers to inquire and check, reduce the settlement procedures of suppliers, improve efficiency, effectively control funds, and facilitate the budget arrangement of funds.
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