[Paper Keywords] primary school professional professional ability and quality
Abstract: Ability and quality are the core elements of college students' survival and development, and also the core competitiveness of college students' employment. Education and teaching in colleges and universities are all around the ability and quality of college students. Primary education major is a new major in China's system. It not only has the general characteristics of higher education specialty, that is, it should reach the professional level of undergraduate higher education at the academic level, but also has the particularity of its specialty. It is very important to study the basic principles of students' ability and quality composition and determine the standards of students' ability and quality in professional construction.
The fundamental task of a university is to cultivate talents. What kind of people are trained? 、 ? How to train people? It is a problem that all majors in colleges and universities are actively discussing. As a new major, primary education has been brought into the higher education system, which requires us to cultivate talents not only with a broad and profound knowledge base, but also with openness, cooperation and flexibility, and pay more attention to the cultivation of students' comprehensive quality and innovation ability. To this end, the goal of talent training should be upgraded from the skill training of normal schools in the past to? Trinity of knowledge, ability and quality? . The internal relationship is that knowledge is the basis and carrier of ability and quality, and it is the basic content of the training goal of higher education. Ability is the embodiment of the power to control knowledge and use knowledge to serve reality. Quality is a deep attribute formed by the sublimation and internalization of knowledge and ability, which reflects people's personality, potential, background and realm. It represents a higher level of talent quality elements, which is more in line with the requirements of development for talent practicality, creativity and application. They interact, depend on each other and are in the same educational process, which is the starting point and destination of higher education personnel training. In the practice of talent training in the past ten years, we have positioned the primary education major at the undergraduate level as: focusing on training primary school teachers, emphasizing professional orientation and professional skills, emphasizing practical application, and emphasizing the foundation, comprehensiveness and universality of knowledge. In this way, some people doubt its professional level, because people often measure it by the standards of pedagogy or a certain subject, and think that this major can not only meet the requirements of pedagogy in setting up educational courses, but also can not talk about the academic level. However, in recent years, the high winning rate, post adaptability and good development potential of our students in competitive recruitment show that it is very important to jump out of the mindset, fully understand the professional characteristics of primary education and the requirements for teachers' quality in the actual teaching of primary education, change the practice of designing and judging primary education majors based on education majors or disciplines, and establish professional evaluation standards with their own characteristics.
First, determine the basic principles of the ability and quality of students majoring in primary education.
1, the principle of professionalism means that we should focus on the training objectives of primary education, adhere to primary school, and pay attention to four basic skills (including speaking Mandarin and oral expression, writing standardized Chinese characters and written expression, teaching work, work skills of class teachers, etc.). )1In March 1994, the State Education Commission formulated the "Vocational Skills Training Program for Students and Teachers in Normal Colleges" (for Trial Implementation), which is common in all majors in normal colleges. According to the characteristics of primary education specialty, the cultivation and assessment of application ability, application ability and application ability are constructed. The purpose is to guide students to transform their professional knowledge, theories and methods of pedagogy and mathematics into specific professional behaviors of entering primary schools to engage in the teaching profession, and make them standardized and practical, so as to form students' educational and teaching ability; It plays an important role for students to be competent as teachers after graduation.
2. The basic principle is to focus on the reality of primary school teaching, combine primary school education with teaching, pay attention to practical ability, and strengthen basic training to meet the needs of the reform and development of graduate service.
3. The principle of the times means that the composition of professional ability of students majoring in primary education must be constantly updated with the development of the times, so as to meet the needs of educational development and curriculum reform of basic education and conform to the development of science and technology and the reality of primary education and teaching. For example, with the development of information education and the improvement of teaching conditions in various schools, multimedia teaching has become a common means, and information application ability should become one of the basic abilities. According to? Talk about class? It has become a common way of teaching and research in primary schools and the main means of assessment when recruiting talents in primary schools. We've already added? Talk about class? This sub-item
4. The scientific principle is to proceed from reality, not only pay attention to all-round development and multi-function, but also consider personal specialties and highlight key points. On the whole, we should consider the comprehensiveness and diversity of students' ability and quality development; Personally, on the premise of qualified requirements, we should pay attention to the development of students' personality and encourage students to have their own strengths. Therefore, the assessment items are divided into compulsory items and special items. The compulsory item is that all students must take the exam and get qualified results, and the special item is that students choose one of them for assessment according to their personal interests and learning situation.
Second, the professional characteristics and talent characteristics of primary education
What kind of talent training objectives should be established for undergraduate majors in primary education? What kind of professional qualities should the trained talents have? What training specifications should be adopted? What kind of training mode should be adopted, etc. It is not only a mature problem that we didn't fully think about at the beginning of this major, but also a mature experience that the whole country can learn from. Because the training of talents in the field of primary education has a long span and a short time, it was officially launched by the Normal Department of the Ministry of Education from 1998? 2 1 Century Professional Construction Project for Training Primary School Teachers with Undergraduate Education? So far, it's only 12 years. To run this major well, cultivate primary school teachers who can adapt to and lead the reform and development of primary education, and promote the professionalization of primary school teachers, the first problem is to clarify the goal orientation of talent training.
What are the characteristics of primary education? Qualitative in education, fixed in undergraduate course and oriented in primary school? . ? Qualitative in education? Our goal is to train teachers. ? Undergraduate freezing? It is decided that we can't completely follow the training mode of normal schools. ? Orientation of primary schools? It is decided that the traditional training mode of cultivating middle school teachers in colleges and universities cannot be copied. To this end, we have conducted extensive theoretical discussions, learned from the practical experience of Nanjing Normal University, Capital Normal University and Shanghai Normal University, and conducted in-depth research in primary schools to understand the content, process and requirements for teachers' quality of primary education and teaching. Are you sure what we must cultivate? Rich? Three hearts? All-round development, expertise and excellent skills? Comprehensive applied talents.
? Three hearts? It refers to childlike innocence, love and responsibility. Only with childlike innocence can he enter the emotional world of children, understand children and lead their growth with the wisdom of adults. With love, he can devote himself wholeheartedly to his children; A sense of responsibility will enable him to stand at the height of life, focus on the future of children and focus on the future cultivation of the country in this sacred and ordinary post of primary school education? A complete person? .
? All-round development means that the knowledge structure is complete and the overall level of natural science quality, humanistic quality and physical and mental health quality is high.
? Specialized in it? It is an important aspect that is different from the talents in normal schools, and it needs skills in science, technology and sports. What about all-round development? Is it wide? If so, do you specialize in this? Dig deep? . Do they require knowledge of primary school students? t？ Type,? Indicates the breadth of knowledge. ︱? To express the depth of knowledge, there should be intersections and intersections between knowledge.
? Excellent skills? Reflected in the specific operation and ability to do things. It is an action system that can skillfully complete the task of education and teaching only through strict practice. Including language ability, expressive ability and so on.
Third, the specific content of the ability and quality of students majoring in primary education
Around these four characteristics, we have established a set of ability and quality system for primary education majors, including:
A core: to cultivate professional emotion as the core, cultivate? Rich? A half-hearted person.
There are two levels: the knowledge level of undergraduate level and the specialization level of primary school teachers. The explanation is fixed at the undergraduate level, which should have the commonness of each major and its own unique personality. The knowledge level is at the undergraduate level, and it has a knowledge system that can easily meet the teaching needs of various disciplines in primary education. Reaching the standard of primary school teachers' professionalism shows that it is oriented to primary schools and qualitative in education.
Six abilities: refers to the common and basic abilities of all kinds of employees, including observation and judgment ability, communication and cooperation ability, lifelong learning ability, information application ability, initiative and innovation ability, adaptability and so on.
Two professional basic abilities: ensuring students' smooth employment, adapting to the most conventional primary school teachers' posts, teaching basic work courses well, and having classes and teams.
Three professional development abilities: aiming at the potential development potential of primary education students after they become backbone teachers, scholar teachers, academic leaders and managers, including curriculum resource development ability, educational management ability, educational research ability and so on.
? Six abilities and six meetings? Practical basic skills: primary education is enlightenment education, and primary school students are in the period of growth and development. Their thinking level and personality characteristics make them more interested in the external performance of teaching activities than the internal content. Primary school teachers have more special requirements for teaching skills than middle school teachers and university teachers. So we have determined the basic practical skills necessary as a primary school teacher, including? Can speak, listen, write, draw, play, sing, compose, act, think, ask questions and guide? As a clear and measurable part of students' ability and quality. ? Can you talk? It refers to being able to speak standard Mandarin and simple daily skills, and to express one's teaching ideas and conduct teaching research in the form of lectures. ? Will you listen? It means that listening is the basis of communication, and you can get the right information from listening and make a decision. ? Can you write? Refers to being able to write commonly used Chinese characters with three strokes and master commonly used styles; ? Can you draw? Refers to the application ability, including drawing stick figures, publishing blackboard newspapers and so on. ? Can you play and sing? Refers to the application ability (including singing songs, solfeggio, playing children's songs, etc. ? Can you make up and act? Refers to the application ability, including basic dance skills, children dance arrangement, etc. ? Can you think and do? It refers to creative thinking, the ability to turn one's ideas into tangible material forms, including the ability to design and implement teaching, the ability to design and make teaching AIDS, and the ability to design and make multimedia courseware. ? May I ask for guidance? It means that you can ask valuable questions, compile targeted questions in education and teaching, and guide students to solve problems.
refer to
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