There is an old saying in China that it is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish. Everyone teaches people how to learn knowledge, so it is better to teach people what they already have. The reason is actually very simple. Fish is the purpose, and fishing is the means. A fish can solve temporary hunger, but it can't solve long-term hunger. If you want to have fish to eat forever, you must learn how to fish. A child, some people will call him a prodigy, but others say he is smart. One day, a child came to the river and saw an old man fishing under Liu. The old man's fish basket is full. The child liked it very much, and the old man decided to give it to the child when he saw it. But to our surprise, the child didn't want it. Do you know what the child said to the old man? He said to the old man, "Give me your fishing rod!" " .

There is an old saying: "Send a mermaid three times; Teach people to fish and use it for life. " Seeing this topic, I remembered that I had inadvertently read a classic of Huanggang senior high school entrance examination of a Chinese teacher. I read an article: a new children's song sung by Sister Ju Ping and several children was broadcast on CCTV children's program. Sister Ju Sang Ping asked, "Why did the geese fly into a line?" The children scrambled to answer, "I know! I know! Because they are afraid of getting lost at home! " I am very surprised: how rich and wonderful the children's imagination is! However, Ju Jie Sang Ping: "It's not easy to answer, it's not easy to answer!" I suddenly feel that an imaginative spring bud has been ruthlessly killed by rational adults! Sister Juping and the children are still singing questions and answers: "Why do kittens always lick their paws?" "I know! I know! Because it didn't catch the mouse shy. " "Why do balloons fly to the sky? I know I know, because it wants to catch birds. " "Why can't you read while eating?" "I know! I know! Because you will eat books together. " While marveling at the children's strange imagination, I feel that Sister Juping denies the children's answer with the same gentle words every time: "The answer is not good! Bad answer! "

It is said that when educating children in western countries, schools always try their best to explore children's imagination and creativity, while education in China requires students to follow rules and think rationally and calmly, so that students are often walking on thin ice in front of "correct answers" for fear of being accidentally dismissed as "bad answers" by teachers! Not easy to answer! Learning attitude is dull, students lose their interest in learning, desire for knowledge, and even have no flexible understanding at all. Only by memorizing standard answers can they be foolproof. Over time, after strict and standardized school education, all students have become dull and obedient, afraid to cross the line, and completely become learning machines, where they will not have imagination and creativity. Maybe I am engaged in educational psychology research, or maybe I am a passionate teacher who has just stepped onto the podium for less than three years. Therefore, in my ideological and moral class, I look at my students carefully and affirm their every word, just like holding a little immature and fragile imagination fire, for fear that it will go out accidentally. Because I believe that it is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish.

Mr. Tao Xingzhi said: "Emancipate children's minds and let them think;" Liberate students' eyes so that they can see; Liberate children's hands and make them capable; Liberate children's mouths so that they can speak; Liberate children's space and let them get in touch with society and nature; Free up the time for children to learn what they want to learn. "The core of his educational thought is to give students the autonomy to learn and let them learn consciously and actively. Ye Shengtao once said: Teaching is for not teaching. Therefore, these tell us that education should teach students to master methods and learn to teach themselves, so that they can benefit for life.

What is a "method"? "Method" refers to the ways and procedures of thinking, speaking and acting to solve problems. Learning is a question of thinking, so we should pay attention to mastering the methods of thinking. Learning methods vary from person to person. "Choose those who are good and follow them, and change those who are not good." As students, we should choose an appropriate learning method. As teachers, we should teach people fish. After all, the role of traditional teachers in imparting knowledge and solving doubts has not changed. Students are in a state of seeking knowledge and need correct cognitive guidance. However, with the changes of the times, teachers should teach people to fish. In other words, teach students the right direction and methods, let them stumble and climb, and exercise their independence and creativity in ups and downs. Encourage students to boldly put forward novel and original ideas, provide students with various practical opportunities, let them learn while doing, and let students learn to learn independently. Autonomous learning mentioned here refers to students' high-quality learning. All learning that can effectively promote students' development must be autonomous learning. A large number of observations and studies have fully proved that only when students feel that others care about them, are curious about what they have learned, can they actively participate in the learning process, get proper affirmation after the task is completed, can they see the chance of success, feel interested in what they have learned and feel challenging, and feel that they are doing meaningful things, can such learning be truly effective. To promote students' autonomous development, it is necessary to create a situation and atmosphere for students to participate in autonomous learning as much as possible.

Combined with my ideological and moral course "Feeling Youth", this paper talks about how to guide students to learn independently, how to cultivate creativity and imagination, and how to let students find the correct way to solve their own problems while playing middle school.

1. Create scenes through music and import them.

The teaching of ideological and moral course under the new curriculum standard is a great challenge for teachers. The content is simple and the knowledge is easy to understand. If it is still like the traditional indoctrination teaching, it will make students feel boring, let alone cultivate their thinking ability. So on the first day of school, I told my students that the dominant idea of my class is "happiness and freedom", enjoying the class process happily, creating a good democratic atmosphere and expressing myself freely. Therefore, before learning this lesson, I take the activity of "Little Duck" to let students imitate, on the one hand, to cultivate students' ability of self-display and performance, on the other hand, to let students enter the role in a happy atmosphere and feel the jumping youth.

2. In classroom teaching, I changed "indoctrination" into instruction.

Over the years, many teachers have not let go of their hands and feet in class, instead of thinking for students, telling students the results of thinking, telling students the only answer to solve problems, limiting students' thinking, not to mention innovation and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, especially in our ideological and moral lessons. Because of individual differences, teachers must admit the existence of differences, so I decided to change indoctrination in my class.

In the lesson "Feeling Youth", students misread youth in the process of youth growth. I use three specific cases, namely, campus nicknames spoil the scenery, clothes make me cool, and Li Xiao's confusion, to create teaching scenes and let students play their roles. How would I feel if I were the host? Get inspiration by thinking, discussing and listening to other people's opinions ... In the process of guessing and speculating, the teacher is a patient listener and an enthusiastic encourager. Students need not worry about making mistakes. Every time a student answers a question, I will give affirmation and praise in time. Every time I encourage students to think boldly, speak confidently, experience confidently and study happily, every student has experienced autonomous learning, since the enlightenment is complacent, and since the enlightenment is since the enlightenment. To experience the joy of trying and cooperating, students are always the protagonists of learning, and even the final answer is reached in the students' discussion, and the teacher does not directly say the correct way. In such a mental state of active inquiry, students' learning ability and problem analysis ability will naturally be improved rapidly.

3. Allow differential teaching and cultivate students' ability to solve practical problems by participating in activities.

I have arranged six activities in the course of "Feeling Youth", so that students can learn and experience by themselves, and students are also allowed to have different opinions in teaching. For example, the first game of harmonious coexistence requires boys and girls to shake hands and look at each other for three seconds. When asked why some students don't want to play this game with the opposite sex, some students replied that his hands were too cold, and some students said that he was ugly because his hands were too dirty. In fact, these are all possible reasons, so you can't help asking them to answer the question of whether men and women are giving or not kissing, which is what your teacher wants. In the process of thinking about letters, a hundred flowers blossom, a hundred schools of thought contend, affirm one's own views, affirm one's own thinking, sublimate and perfect one's own answers. These are all ways for our teachers to train students to solve their own problems and sublimate their own theories in practice.

The United Nations 2 1 Century Education Committee put forward that the four pillars of 2 1 Century education are: learning to seek knowledge, learning to do things, learning to get along with others and learning to be a man. As teachers, we should keep in mind an old adage: give people a fish to fish; Give a man a fish, and he will enjoy it for life. Bernard, a French physiologist, once said, "Good methods can make us give full play to our talents, while poor methods may hinder them." Therefore, as a teacher, we should not only train students to be able to use learning methods and actively acquire the required knowledge, but also train students to master correct and effective learning methods. Instead of cultivating them into "dead scholars" and "dead scholars" who only passively accept knowledge. In this autonomous teaching process, students' innovative thinking and ability to analyze and solve problems are cultivated, so that students can become excellent qualified talents.

Cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability in junior middle school political teaching

At the turn of the century, a new round of basic education curriculum reform in China has started. As a young teacher who keeps pace with the times, I keep thinking and practicing in the teaching process. This paper focuses on the following four aspects: first, cultivate students' ability to analyze the content of teaching materials; Second, cultivate students' ability to use memory strategies and improve memory efficiency; Third, let students experience emotions and cultivate their aesthetic ability; Fourth, cultivate students' ability to actively participate and be willing to explore. In this way, I will tell you how to change your role in the teaching process, embody new ideas and ideas in daily teaching, and at the same time, how to activate students' initiative and consciousness in learning and cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability.

The Outline of Basic Education Curriculum Reform (for Trial Implementation) clearly points out that it is necessary to change the current situation that the curriculum implementation overemphasizes learning, rote memorization and mechanical training, advocate students' active participation, willingness to explore and diligent hands-on, cultivate students' ability to collect and process information and acquire new knowledge, pay attention to the cultivation of innovative spirit and practical ability, establish new teaching methods, and promote the transformation of learning methods. Therefore, as a young teacher who keeps pace with the times, I keep thinking and practicing in the teaching process.

First, cultivate students' ability to analyze the content of teaching materials.

If you want to solve any problem, you must first have the ability to understand the problem deeply and analyze it clearly. Therefore, in daily teaching, I attach great importance to cultivating students' ability to understand and analyze the contents of textbooks. For example, in the second grade ideological and political class, the lecture "Law is a special code of conduct" inspires students to think positively. We can read two meanings through only one title, namely, "law is a code of conduct" and "law is different from other codes of conduct and has its particularity". At the same time, on the basis of teaching material analysis, the key points of this lesson are extracted: three natures and one law, so that it can clearly tell students.

According to its internal logic, book knowledge is a structural chain from simple to complex, and the teaching content is basically organized by structure as a large unit, which makes the cognitive context running through teaching gradually complicated. When students master knowledge, it is more important to master the knowledge structure besides the basic knowledge points. Because mastering structure has stronger organization and migration ability than simply mastering knowledge points. When students can master and use the knowledge structure skillfully, they will master the initiative in learning. Moreover, in recent years, the senior high school entrance examination questions have paid more and more attention to examining students' ability to contact knowledge points. Therefore, I take the tree in nature as an analogy, indicating that it has a trunk, then branches, then branches, and finally leaves of the tree, so as to compare the knowledge system I have learned. After each lesson, inspire students to summarize the knowledge frame structure of each lesson independently, so that the main content of each lesson can be clearly reflected in students' minds. Several years' practical experience tells me that this method is really helpful to improve students' ability to analyze and solve problems and transfer knowledge.

Second, cultivate students' ability to use memory strategies and improve memory efficiency.

The premise of learning any knowledge must be based on memory. Psychology shows that with the growth of students' age and the continuous development of body and mind, people's memory strategies will gradually transition from mechanical memory to intentional memory. In the teaching of ideological and political courses, there is a lot of knowledge that students need to master skillfully. Simple rote memorization is not only boring and difficult to remember, but also makes students lose interest in learning and the memory effect is not good. They often just remember it, but they don't use it.

There are many ways to improve memory efficiency and use memory strategies in educational psychology. Therefore, after work, I spend a lot of time carefully studying books about memory strategies and consciously applying them to teaching to improve students' memory efficiency. For example, when talking about "the foundation of establishing sincere friendship: sincerity, equality, mutual understanding and * * * pursuit of consistency" in the political teaching of junior one, through observation, I asked them to remember three words respectively, namely "truth, mutual benefit and similarity", and to link them with the "child protection" in the daily familiar advertisements with homophonic memory method, with an additional explanation, namely "truth". For another example, when talking about the salient features and main features of law in the second day of junior high school, students often confuse the two.

The distinctive feature of law-law is universally binding on all members of society.

The main feature of the law-the law is guaranteed to be implemented by the state's coercive force.

Therefore, I inspire students to observe the word "universal binding force" and the word "obvious characteristics". Students were pleasantly surprised to find that the word "universal binding force" was "karma" above, while the word "obvious" was "karma" below. In this way, some features are used for memory, one group is skillfully matched, and the other group naturally does not make mistakes.

Another example: the fifth lesson of the second day of junior high school remembers the names of environmental protection laws and regulations by associative memory. Our mother is "land"-the land management law of the People's Republic of China, and mineral resources are hidden under the land-the mineral resources law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the land law of People's Republic of China (PRC), and the land is rich in water resources. There are many such examples, so I won't list them one by one.

Let students remember what they have learned quickly and accurately, which is just one of them; Secondly, it is more important to teach students how to use memory strategies in future study, so I use my activity class time to teach students memory strategies so that memory is no longer a headache.

Third, let students experience emotions and cultivate their aesthetic ability.

Poetry is a part of China's splendid culture, which not only describes feelings, scenes and events, but also contains the poet's emotional experience. In order to let students experience rich emotions and cultivate their aesthetic ability, I combine poetry with teaching content. When talking about "friendship", I introduced a poem "To Wang Lun" by Li Bai into teaching, which stimulated students' interest in learning and achieved good results. When I talked about the content of "emotion" in Grade One, I used Lin Daiyu's poems in A Dream of Red Mansions, such as "Crossing a Crane Shadow in a Cold Pond, Leng Yue Burying the Soul of Flowers" and "I don't know who buried the flowers today", and combined with her bad luck, I explained the harm of negative emotions to people, which was not conducive to physical and mental health. I told stories with feelings and scenery, which attracted the attention of the students, as if the air had solidified. At that moment, it not only showed the infinite charm of poetry, but also deepened the emotional experience of students.

Fourth, cultivate students' ability to actively participate and be willing to explore.

I also made a bold breakthrough in teaching methods. Traditional teaching methods include discussion, question and answer, lecture and so on. To cultivate students' innovative spirit, it is emphasized that the duty of teaching is to help, and the purpose is not to teach, but to guide students to discover their own potential and sexual orientation, and to discover, collect and utilize learning resources. Therefore, in teaching, for some simple and clear box questions, I boldly arrange for students to prepare in advance, experience the feeling of "I will be a teacher once", tell you the course content, and then I will supplement and summarize it in the last few minutes of the course.

In addition, I also actively try to introduce sketches into the classroom. For example, in the second day of junior high school, I talked about the lesson of "protecting the healthy growth of teenagers according to law". Before class, I arranged for students to write their own sketches, which vividly romanticized four aspects of protecting teenagers according to law in the form of short plays. This enlivens the classroom atmosphere, cultivates students' awareness of active participation, and embodies the innovative spirit of the new curriculum. In the exhibition of district-level open classes, it has been well received by teachers of all schools.

At the turn of the century, a new round of basic education curriculum reform in China has started. The new curriculum requires fully implementing the national education policy and paying attention to cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability. As a political teacher, at the arrival of a new round of curriculum reform, I will continue to study and think, change my role in the teaching process, so as to activate students' initiative and consciousness in learning, cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability, promote the healthy development of each student's body and mind, and make more contributions to education!