Plan of Luoyang, Du Dong
After Yang ascended the throne, he decided to move the capital to Luoyang. Volume 30 of Sui Shu records 25 geography: Luozhou, originally located in Henan County. In the first year of Daye, he moved the capital to Yuzhou. Yuanhe County Records: Sui Renshou moved the capital in four years; Biography of Sui Shu Yuwen Kai says: Emperor Yang ascended the throne and moved the capital to Luoyang [24]; Geography of Sui Shu: moved the capital to a new capital in the first year of Daye; Geography of the Old Tang Dynasty: moved to the west of Luoyang for eighteen years in the first year of Daye. "History as a Mirror" said: Zhang Taiyan said to the emperor: "Your majesty is doomed to die, Yongzhou is a broken wood, and you can't stay long. He also said,' repair Luoyang and return it to the Jin family.' "The emperor deeply impressed.
"Yuanhe County Records Henan Road": "In the fourth year of Renshou, the emperor called Yang to Tokyo, and in the second year of Daye, Xindu City moved to Luoyang Palace. Its palace is located in Mangshan in the north, Yikekou in the south, and runs through the capital with Luoshui. There is an image of a river man. Go to the old city 18 miles east. When Yang Di tried to climb Mangshan Mountain, he saw Yi Que, and said, "Isn't this a dragon gate evil? Why didn't you build a capital here since ancient times? " The servant shot Su Wei and said, "I haven't known it since ancient times, but I can treat your majesty. The emperor was very happy, so he discussed everything. Its palaces and halls were created by Yu Wenkai. Keqiao thought it was peerless, so the manufacturing was quite luxurious, and the previous generation was unparalleled. "
This series of evidence shows that Yang Guang moved the capital to Luoyang, but Luoyang in the Han and Wei Dynasties was no longer suitable as the capital, so Yang Guang chose another kind of geology to rebuild the new capital Luoyang. The third emperor of Sui Shu, Yang-ti, recorded that "in July of four years, the emperor Taizu collapsed and the Renshou Palace was in the mercy seat. ..... November has passed, thanks to Luoyang. Gui Qiu and Zhao Ri: Three Rivers Control in ......................................................................................................................................................................., Four Blocks, Land and Water Communication, Tribute, etc. ..... Today, Tokyo can be built in Iraq and Luoyang, that is, there is no division, thinking that the people's hearts are extremely prosperous. " "Emperor Yang-ti, the Third Emperor of Sui Shu" contains: "In the first year of Daye (March), three great masters, namely, Master, Master and Master Yuwen Kai, were appointed to build in Tokyo and moved to Xia Guo, Yuzhou." A large-scale project to build Luoyang, the capital of the East, was launched. "This is Ren Xian Palace's Fu Jian Camp, which uses exotic animals and plants in the sea to build a real garden. Dajia, a wealthy businessman, moved to Tokyo. 19 1 1 year, there are more than one million men and women in Henan, and economic canals have been opened, from Xiyuan to the valley, from Luoshui to the river, and from Bambusa to Huaihe River. Geng Shen sent Huangmen assistant ministers Wang Hong and Shang Yi to collect wood in Jiangnan and build tens of thousands of dragon boats, phoenix hats, yellow dragons, red boats and floor ships. " The following year, the construction of Tokyo was completed. "The heart has two years of spring in the first month, Tokyo, to the supervisor is different. In the afternoon of March, I drove to Jiangdu. ...... In summer and April, I went to Yi Que, Chen Fajia, prepared a thousand ships and rode into Tokyo. "
Luoyang, built by Yang Guang, is adjacent to Yi Que in the south of the city, Mangshan in the north and Chanhe and Luoshui in the east, especially Guo Cheng, Miyagi, Huanghai, Dongcheng, Hanjiacang, Biyuan and Yaoyi, with a large scale and orderly layout. The unique layout of Miyagi in the northwest of Guo Cheng and the unified layout of Li Fang have an important historical position in the history of capital construction in China. Yang Di's construction of Luoyang City has the strategic consideration of governing the country. It was still used in the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty, and was once the national economic and cultural center.
At the beginning of his reign, he decided to move the capital to Luoyang because he fully realized the importance of Luoyang in military, political and economic status at that time. This is by no means purely out of debauchery and pleasure, nor is it a superstition. [25]
Fei Zhengqing, a Chinese-American historian, said with emotion in China: Tradition and Change: "Under the rule of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty and Yang Di, China ushered in the second glorious imperial period. China re-established a unified political power, restored the Great Wall, and the government dug the Grand Canal (which provided the possibility for prosperity in the next few hundred years) and built magnificent palaces. The Chinese empire can finally reproduce its glory. "
Daye law
In the third year of Daye (507), Yang Guang issued Daye Law. Change state to county; Change the weights and measures to the ancient style; Change the official system and set up five provinces, three stations, five prisons and sixteen houses. Yang Guang's practice of law was mainly to reform the harsh law in the last years of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. "Yang-ti acceded to the throne, with high-impedance forbidden network far-reaching, and troublesome laws, in addition to the ten evils. Where there are five hundred articles, it is eighteen. Within five punishments, more than 200 light sentences were given. It is called Daye Law when it is implemented. " The Great Cause Law has not been amended, but the Law of the Tang Dynasty has been amended in accordance with the Law of Opening the Emperor and the Great Cause Law.
Build a canal
Sui Grand Canal
Yang Guang ordered more than one million people in two counties in northern Henan to build a collection canal. In the west, the valley water is taken from Xiyuan, Luoyang, and Luoshui follows the old road of Yangqu. In the east, the old road of Bianqu enters Huaishui [26]. He also recruited more than 100,000 migrant workers from Huainan to build a straight ditch opened by Chen Deng in the Eastern Han Dynasty. From Yang Shan to the Yangtze River, the canal enters the Yangtze River with a width of 40 steps, and the two banks are neatly built. From Chang 'an to Jiangdu, more than 40 detached palaces have been built. Then, he sent people to Jiangnan to build tens of thousands of dragon boats and miscellaneous boats. Then, Yang Guang ordered the dredging of Tunshi River in Han Dynasty. The Baigou opened by Cao Cao was Yongji Canal, and the Wu Yunhe, Qindantu Waterway and Southern Dynasties Canal in the Spring and Autumn Period were the Jiangnan River, which was later called Sui Grand Canal.
Before Yang Guang, such as Cao Cao, Wargo, Huan Wen, Emperor Wu of Song, etc., all used force against Hehuai traffic. After Yang Di, such as Tang Rusong, he must constantly deepen his knowledge before he can use it. At best, Emperor Yang Di is only a member of a relatively complete processing team, and his over-admirers, on the one hand, are ignorant of the history of water conservancy, on the other hand, are rooted in the history of water conservancy. [28]
In the fourth year of Emperor Kai (584), Emperor Wen of Sui ordered Yuwen Kai to lead the people to open canals. The Weihe River leads from the northwest of Daxing City, slightly along the old Cao Canal in Han Dynasty, and joins the Yellow River in Tongguan, with a total length of 150 kilometers, hence the name Guangtong Canal. Renshou four years (604) renamed Yongtong Canal. However, with the development of politics, economy and culture in the north and south, the canals built locally can no longer meet the needs of society. Communicating the north-south waterway has become an urgent need for social and economic exchanges.
In the first year of Daye (604), Yang Di ascended the throne, and Xiuyangqu Ancient Canal and Bianqu Ancient Canal were Tongji Canal. In the same year, the Han ditch straight canal opened by Chen Deng in the Eastern Han Dynasty was repaired. In the fourth year of Daye (608), millions of migrant workers were recruited from Hebei, and the Tunshi River in the Han Dynasty and the Baigou opened by Cao Cao were dredged into Yongji Canal. [27] At this point, the project of digging the Grand Canal has been basically completed. Emperor Yang Di spent six years digging the Grand Canal. Yang Di successively dug Tongji Canal, from the Yellow River to Bianshui, and then from Bianshui to Huaihe River. There are also gullies that enter the Yangtze River from Huaihe River; Jiangnan River from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) to Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang); Qinshui is led to the Yellow River in the south and Yongji Canal in Zhuo Jun (now Beijing) in the north. These canals are connected north and south, which is the famous Grand Canal in history. The Grand Canal starts from Zhuo Jun in the north and ends in Yuhang in the south, winding for more than 5,000 miles from north to south. The Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty has three points in Huiji, Luoyang and Zhuo Jun, and four sections in Jiangnan, Hangou, Tongji Canal and Yongji Canal, connecting Qiantang River, Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Yellow River and Haihe River. During the Southern Song Dynasty, as the political center moved southward, the water transport status of Tongji Canal (Bianhe River) and Yongji Canal gradually weakened, and the riverbed of the canal was gradually blocked and cut off due to the lack of dredging treatment every year. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, when the imperial court rebuilt the Grand Canal, it took the river and went straight from Beijing to Hangshao without bypassing Luoyang. [29]
Portrait of Emperor Yang Di (9)
The opening of the Grand Canal promoted the development of cities on both sides of the Canal, and cities such as Jiangdu, Yuhang and Zhuo Jun flourished rapidly. At that time, on the canal, "merchant ships can't stop riding." The Grand Canal promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the North and the South during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, safeguarded national unity and strengthened centralization of authority.
With Luoyang as the center, the Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties reaches Huiji in the south and Zhuo Jun (now Beijing) in the north, with a total length of 2,700 kilometers, spanning more than 0/0 latitude of the earth, running through the most fertile southeast coast of China and the Great Plains of North China, passing through seven provinces and cities such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Hebei and Beijing, and reaching the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River, Qiantang River and Beijing. Later, the Yuan Dynasty dug the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. Most of the rivers of the Beijing-Shaoxing Grand Canal are not the rivers of the Sui Dynasty Grand Canal. Since the late Qing Dynasty, water transportation has changed to sea transportation, and the Grand Canal is no longer the main artery of the national economy.
military affairs
North-South reunification
Sui dynasty territory
In the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (589), 20-year-old Yang Guang was worshipped as a marching marshal and led 565,438+10,000 troops south to attack Chen, thus completing reunification.
Emperor Wudi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty made great contributions to his career. After Pinghou, he drank horses in the south of the Yangtze River, and it collapsed in less than half a year. [30] Chen is fatuous and lacks virtue. At the beginning of the emperor's accession to the throne, he deliberately targeted Chen (such as appointment and He Ruobi). Chen was caught off guard by He Ruobi's aid to Jingkou and quarrying. [3 1] Sui Jun broke through the natural barrier of the Yangtze River in one fell swoop. Wherever he went, he was invincible, but he did nothing for the people in autumn and took nothing from Chen Chaoku's wealth. Yang Guang won wide acclaim from the people. "The world knows that it is generally considered to be virtuous."
In the tenth year of Emperor Kai (590), he was ordered to be the general commander of Yangzhou in the south of the Yangtze River and put down the rebellion in the south of the Yangtze River with high wisdom. Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui and Jiangxi all defected. "Tens of thousands of big ones and thousands of small ones influence each other." Yang Guang studied Jiangnan dialect, married Jiangnan's wife, got close to Jiangnan students, and reused them to sort out ancient books. He personally stayed in Jiangnan for ten years, in order to gather people's hearts, ease the resentment and suspicion of the south, promote the reasonable administration after military occupation, and break down many political and cultural barriers that prevented southerners from becoming loyal ministers of the Sui Dynasty.
Attack and destroy Tuyuhun.
Yang Guang played by Shao Feng.
Tugu Hunkhanate is a powerful country in Qinghai and Hexi region. The ancestor was Murong Tuguhun, the eldest son of Segui Murong, a Xianbei people in western Liaoning. Tuguhun was at odds with Mu Rongchui, led many people to move westward, and finally settled in Qinghai. Tuguhun established the khanate in 329, with laws and regulations similar to Jin's, and customs similar to Rouran and Turkic. In 608, the minister of Sui Dynasty, Pei Ju, ordered a high-powered car to attack Tuyuhun, and Tuyuhun turned to the Sui Dynasty for help. Yang Guang took the opportunity to send his troops, wiped out Tuyuhun in the following year, and fled to Busha Bowl Khan. This war has opened up thousands of miles of territory, from the east coast of Qinghai Lake to the Tarim Basin in the west, from Kuruktag Mountain in the north to Kunlun Mountain in the south. The Sui Dynasty established four counties: Shanshan, Qiemo, Xihai and Heyuan. However, in the same year, Yang Guang sent Fushun to manage it, but he could not arrive and return. Later, Tuguhun returned to his hometown and attacked the right of the Sui Dynasty, which was unable to defend itself. [32] With this expedition, the counties in Chang 'an and the counties in the northwest of Sui Dynasty all moved to the Great Wall, reaching hundreds of millions every year; It's a long road in Xiu Yuan, and it was robbed by bandits. Anyone who fails to arrive after the death of a person or animal will be requisitioned by the county. So the people were unemployed, and the western half of the Sui Dynasty was poor first. [33]
Taozhancheng
In the first year of Daye (605), Yang Guang ordered Liu Fang to capture the city. After the troops were transferred, Pubamo, the king of Zhancheng, returned to the motherland in Bijing, Hai Yin and Lin Yi counties. In this battle, four or five out of ten people died in Sui Jun, and coach Liu Fang also died on the way to Banshi.
Conquer the Khitan and feast on the Turks
In the first year of Daye (605), the Sui generals led the Turks to defeat the Khitans, and Wei threatened to trade with Koguryo through Liucheng (now south of Chaoyang, Liaoning) and lead the troops into the DPRK, so the Khitans were unprepared. Wei led the army to 50 miles away from the Qidan camp, suddenly launched an attack, defeated the Qidan army, and captured more than 40 thousand men and women. In the second year of Daye (606), Qimin Khan of East Turkistan entered the DPRK, and Yang Guang summoned musicians from all over the country to entertain him. In the second year, Yang Guang went to Yulin and asked Yuwen Kai to make a big account. He invited Qimin Khan and the leaders of the Khitan, Yun and other ethnic groups to attend a big banquet and watch Sanqu. The emperor also presented a large number of silk books. [34] Yang Guang also ordered Yuwen Kai to temporarily build the Ursa Major Hall, which is called the "Fashion Hall". Local foreigners think it's amazing. Every time I see Royal Camp, I kneel and kowtow ten miles away, and I dare not ride a horse when I walk.
However, in the 11th year of Daye (6 15), Turk Khan led an army to surround Emperor Yang Di in Yanmen. [35] Yang Di caused chaos in the late Sui Dynasty, and the rise of Turks was unprecedented. All countries in the East, including Qidan and Shiwei, as well as Tuguhun and Gaochang in the West, belong to Turks. Dou Jiande, Xue Ju, Liu Wuzhou, Liang, Li Gui and Wang of the Sui Dynasty also surrendered to the Turks and were brought into the sphere of influence of the Turks. The Turks have reached the level of prosperity of "controlling a million strings, being powerful and having nothing in ancient times". [36] [37]
Conquer Ryukyu and beg
Yang Guang sent Zhu Kuan to see Liu Qiu twice in the third year of Daye (607) and the fourth year of Daye (608) in order to "comfort" the country, but Liu Qiu did not do so. Great cause for six years (6 10), Chen Leng, sent ten thousand soldiers to attack Liu Qiu, killed his master, Huan Sike, and captured thousands of men and women. During the election campaign, Liu went to trade activities. [38]
In a word, Yang Guang not only expanded his territory to the northwest, but also the army of Sui Dynasty launched a series of wars to expand his territory to the southeast. The victory of these wars extended the territory of the southeastern Sui Dynasty to Annan, Champa (now Vietnam) and Taiwan Province Province of zhina. On Hainan Island, there are three counties: Boer, Zhu Ya and Linzhen. Wuyuan County (Inner Mongolia area) is located in the north. [ 16]
Sanzheng Koguryo
Koguryo straddles the Yalu River and is located in eastern Liaoning, central Jilin and northern Korea in today's China. Eastern Liaoning and central Jilin were called Liaodong in ancient times, which entered Chinese territory very early and was later occupied by Koguryo. In the 18th year (598), Koguryo of Sui Dynasty attacked western Liaoning. Emperor Wendi of Sui sent 300,000 troops to attack Koguryo. Later, due to the illness of the foot soldiers, Goguryeo also sent an apology letter, so he withdrew.
"Creating a Prosperous Age" Bao Guoan Edition Emperor Yang Di
After Yang Guang ascended the throne, he attacked Goguryeo three times. In the eighth year of Daye (6 12), Yang Di attacked Koguryo for the first time. More than 30,000 soldiers were recruited1/kloc-0. The army was concentrated in Zhuo Jun (now Beijing) and the water army was concentrated in Donglai (now Laizhou). Another 2 million civilian workers were transferred to transport clothes, food and so on. Migrant workers who built seagoing ships stood in the water day and night, their skin festered, maggots were born below their waist, and many people died.
Goguryeo sticks to cities, and Sui Jun cannot occupy them. General You Yiwei came to protect his son and led the Jiang and Huai armies. The battleship stretched for hundreds of miles and attacked at sea. [39] The guards selected 40,000 elite armored vehicles and arrived outside Pyongyang. They were ambushed and defeated, but only thousands of soldiers fled back. [40] Before the start of the war, Yang Guang ordered general Sui Jun not to make any operational decisions without authorization, but to report to him before obeying orders. This makes Sui Jun very passive on the battlefield. When making every decision, General Sui Jun will send someone to report to Yang Di, which is far behind, which will delay the military situation. Koguryo's army therefore had enough time to regroup and fight back. In this way, five months later, Yang Guang didn't win Liaodong City. [41] 305,000 Sui troops crossed Liao to attack Koguryo, which was also a fiasco. Only 2700 people fled back and thousands of equipment were lost. [42]
Although Sui Jun launched an attack near Pyongyang, it was finally defeated. In the ninth year of Daye (6 13), he attacked Koguryo for the second time. When the two sides were at loggerheads, Yang Xuangan, a minister of does, rebelled against the Sui Dynasty, and Yang Di quickly withdrew. Ten years of great cause (6 14), the third attack on Koguryo. Because the domestic peasant uprising has become a prairie fire, Yang Di has been afraid to fight for a long time. Goguryeo was also tired of the war and sent a special envoy to surrender, so Yang Guang retreated.
The war against Koguryo used millions of manpower and expropriated countless properties, and a large number of soldiers and civilian workers died in the battlefield and labor. Due to the extreme shortage of labor and farm animals in rural areas, a large amount of land was barren, social economy was seriously damaged, and people's lives were difficult, which triggered a large-scale peasant uprising at the end of Sui Dynasty.
culture
Initiate the imperial examination
The imperial examination, which sprouted in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, really took shape in the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of his accession to the throne, Yang Guang wrote in the imperial edict: "The monarch and the people build the country, teaching first, and changing customs and customs will begin from here." In Feng Shiwen Ji Jian, the seal of the Tang Dynasty says: "Emperor Yang ascended the throne and revived education to seduce." Yang Guang restored the schools in imperial academy, imperial academy and counties abolished by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. "Teaching students and apprentices is a way to try for the class, so as to make the best use of it." In addition to other tasks, the envoys who were ordered to inspect the States should also look for people with exemplary behavior, outstanding literary talent and outstanding academic expertise, and then send them to Beijing after inspection. "Yang-ti acceded to the throne and reopened the state of emergency. The learning of Guo Zijun was at the beginning of Emperor Kai. Recruit Confucian scholars, be far and near, and make the theory and lectures in the east gain and loss, make a decision, listen and play. At that time, most of the old Confucianism was dead, and the 26 th was outstanding. He studied North and South, ancient times and later generations. " Sui Shu and History of the North recorded that Confucian scholars from far and near came here one after another to organize and discuss academic issues with each other. A senior official ranked them and reported them to Emperor Yangdi. As a result, many poor people can revive their families; The study of ancient books is in its heyday, and the North and South traditions are eclectic. Ancient books and records are annotated.
With the decline of the gentry and the rise of the civilian landlords, the "Nine-grade Zheng Zhi System" which has paid attention to family status since Wei and Jin Dynasties has been unable to continue. After Emperor Wendi acceded to the throne, the system of Zheng Zhi with Nine Grades was abolished.
In the second year of Daye (506), Yang Guang added the Jinshi branch. In the Ming Dynasty, the strategy of trying talents, the strategy of trying time and trying things, and the technique of trying classics formed a complete national system of selecting talents. At that time, the Ming Sutra was the highest, and Jinshi tried to occupy the second place. At that time, the system of selecting scholars was only called scholars, which was different from Tang Zhike. [43]
Yang Guang founded the Jinshi branch and established the imperial examination system, which was an extremely important and far-reaching event in the history of China. At that time, Jinshi mainly focused on political papers and selected talents with "good literary talent". The General Code says that Yang Guang pays more attention to personal qualities than literary talents. Yang-ti also increased the number of people taking the imperial examinations. By 607, there are ten subjects in the exam. This marks the emergence of the imperial examination system. In the third year of the great cause (507), Yang Guang issued an imperial edict: "Anyone who has a civil and military position knows filial piety, virtue, diligence and housekeeping, honesty and integrity, persistent maintenance of the Constitution, academic acumen, beautiful literary talent, only a little better, and strong buttocks." In the five years of the great cause (509), Yang Guang wrote another imperial edict: "All counties should be proficient in their studies, superior in their talents, strong in their buttocks, superior in their virtues, diligent in their officials, able to govern their affairs, stand upright and not avoid being strong."
However, whether the Sui Dynasty initiated the imperial examination has always been controversial. Deng Xue, Yang Wan, Du You, Liu Su and others have repeatedly said that "the imperial examination was founded", but according to the epitaph of Chen Sidao in the northern county of Sui Dynasty unearthed in Luoyang 1902, the imperial examination began in the first year of Daye. [44]
Yu Gang, Tang, He Zhongli and other scholars believe that the imperial examination began in the Tang Dynasty. [45] [46]
He Zhongli believes that the imperial examination system was still implemented in the Sui Dynasty, and the Jinshi branch also originated in the Tang Dynasty. [47]
There are some doubts about the provisions of the imperial examination in Sui Dynasty in the Outline. He said: "If the method of investigating and citing countermeasures is the gestalt examination system, then it should be traced back to the Han Dynasty as a powerful country. If it is called the imperial court, it should be treated as a discipline and tested by scholars themselves, then it can be described as the gestalt examination system. It should start in the Tang Dynasty, not based on Sui, but in the Tang Dynasty. " Scholars' "introspection" is the main symbol of the origin of the imperial examination system, which is a valuable point of view. Tang put forward a viewpoint similar to Yu Outline. He believes that the important feature of the imperial examination system in Tang Dynasty is whether self-taught examinations are allowed. In the late Northern and Southern Dynasties, some scholars taught themselves to take exams, which reflected that the imperial examination system was in its infancy. [45] [47]
He Zhongli pointed out that the imperial examination system in the whole feudal society can basically be summarized into three characteristics: "First, scholars should take the initiative and allow' self-recommendation' in principle, without special recommendation from ministers or county orders. This should be the most important feature of the imperial examination system and the most fundamental difference with it. Second, "everything is based on writing", in other words, whether a person can be promoted can only be decided through strict examinations. Third, scholars take Jinshi as the main subject and take it regularly. " Through various arguments, it is considered that the "self-recommendation" and examination methods in the above characteristics appeared in the late Northern and Southern Dynasties, but they formally appeared in the Tang Dynasty. Although the nine-level clock system was abolished in the Sui Dynasty, the inspection system was still implemented. [47]
The establishment of the imperial examination system emphasized the quality of learning rather than family status, which weakened the hereditary privilege of large families. "Officials are not allowed to be promoted, but they should have virtue functions. Those that are burning are obvious. " "Wei and Zhou Guan must not be shady." This "meritocracy" reform provides an excellent opportunity for the lower classes to select outstanding intellectuals. The imperial examination system expanded the sources of officials and provided opportunities for a large number of humble civilian landlords and intellectuals to participate in politics. "The big one came to power, and the small one was appointed as a county"; The imperial examination system closely linked reading, examination and being an official, which improved the cultural quality of officials. The imperial examination centralized the power of selecting talents and appointing officials from local predators to the central government, which greatly strengthened centralization and was conducive to political stability. Therefore, this system has been used by all dynasties and has far-reaching influence.
collect books
When Yang was in charge of Yangzhou in Jiangnan, he recruited scholars to sort out ancient books. By the time he was in office for nearly 20 years, * * * had written 130 books and 17000 volumes. Yang Guang also compiled 400 copies of Changzhou Jade Mirror and 1200 copies of Qu Yu Tu, which contributed to the preservation of ancient books in China.
Yang Guang played by Zhao Wenxuan.
Yang Guang made China have a summary local chronicles covering all parts of the country in the Sui Dynasty. Yang Di ordered all counties in the world to draw maps of local products, and compiled the local products records of all counties 13 1 volume, regional maps 129 volume and state atlas 100 volume. Yang Guang ordered the large-scale compilation of the above-mentioned local chronicles, which is not only a concluding work linking the past with the future, but also the beginning of compiling local chronicles and classics throughout the country, with far-reaching influence. "Today in the Sui Dynasty, books were published frequently."
When Pei Ju was sent to Zhangye to manage the merchants' market in the Western Region, he collected information on mountains, rivers and customs in the Western Region and wrote the Map of the Western Region, which contained maps, descriptions and paintings of people of all ethnic groups wearing national costumes. This is a famous geography book. "According to their national costumes, the king and Shu Ren, each showing Rong Zhi, that is, painters' calligraphy, is the Map of the Western Regions, which is divided into three volumes and forty-four countries. Still don't make a map, this is very important. "
Yang Guang not only founded the school, but also visited the scattered books and protected them. "Feng Shiwen Ji Jian" records: "There are 50 books limited by Emperor Yang, which are divided into three categories and stored in the east and west corridors of the Emperor Temple in Du Dongguan." The collection of books in Sui Dynasty is the largest in China. There are large libraries in Daxing City and Luoyang, and the final result is a large secretary province with rare books in Luoyang, with a total collection of more than 370,000 books. In order to be used by palaces, provincial and government offices in Beijing, Yang Guang ordered the construction of a temple to watch excerpted literature. In the heyday of the Sui Dynasty, there were 370,000 volumes and more than 77,000 kinds of books. However, most books were destroyed by the war. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, there were 80,000 books at most, and 28,467 books written by scholars in the Tang Dynasty. Before the Tang Dynasty, there were only 28,469 volumes left. [48-49]
Respect Confucianism
Yang Guang respected Confucianism and Confucius, and wrote in the fifth year of the Great Cause (509): "The teacher is my father, and the sage bows, giving birth to the posture of heaven and earth, and drawing the way of civil and military affairs;" The fate of the world is expected, and I am the king. And the sigh of the mountain suddenly added a thousand sacrifices; The beauty of virtue is not in one hundred generations. Always be obedient and have excellent worship. Confucius can be made a young saint, and some officials ask his descendants to apply. "