The most basic refutation method is to put facts and reason, and all kinds of argumentation methods can be used in refutation.

The general methods of refutation include refutation point, refutation basis and refutation argument.

Refutation point is to refute the fundamental mistakes in the argument of the article and the part that conflicts with the relevant basic principles.

Refutation is to refute the support of the article-argument, which can be refuted directly or by summarizing the fallacies in the argument.

Refutation argument is to refute the way of argument in the article. Argumentation, for example, can be to find out the part of the example that is inconsistent with the facts and reasons. For parallelism argument, it can be pointed out that

The unreasonable part of parallelism can be refuted by philosophical knowledge, pointing out its mistakes in rational argument (Marxist principle).

The commonly used refutation methods include direct refutation and reduction to absurdity. (Argumentation and argumentation belong to the way of argumentation)

(1) Direct rebuttal is a way to directly prove the enemy's argument wrong by argument or reasoning.

(2) disproof, in order to prove that the other side's argument is wrong, you can first prove that another argument that contradicts it is correct. This is called reduction to absurdity. For example, in the article "Have China People Lost Confidence", Lu Xun put forward the positive argument "Have we lost confidence in China" in order to refute the wrong argument, and then proved the correctness of this argument with facts from ancient times to modern times, thus refuting the negative argument.

(3) reduction to absurdity, first assume that the other party's argument is right, and then on its premise, deduce an obviously absurd conclusion, thus proving that the other party's argument is wrong. For example, if we analyze according to the theories described by those political elites, we will only have the reality that all or at least most countries that have embarked on the road of capitalist privatization have developed faster than the socialist economy. But unfortunately, this reality does not exist, and this substance has never existed in the real world.