The first author:

Major contributors: The first author is usually the person who has made major contributions to the research work. They may be the designers of experiments, data collectors and analysts, literary researchers, or people who play a central role in the whole research process.

Responsibility and authority: the ranking of the first author in a paper is usually considered as the most important, because they are usually responsible for research design, experiment and data analysis, and are the leaders of research work. They have the highest authority to explain the content, research methods and results of the paper.

Guidance and leadership: In a scientific research team, the first author is usually the person in charge of the research or the person in charge of the project. They are responsible for coordinating the work of team members and ensuring the smooth progress of the whole research process.

Academic reputation: the academic reputation and achievements of the first author are usually an important symbol to evaluate the level of a research team. Excellent first authors often represent the strong strength and academic level of a research team.

The second author:

Auxiliary contributors: The second author is usually the person who provides auxiliary contributions in the research process. They may take part in some aspects of the experiment, document arrangement and data processing, but their main contribution comes from the guidance and guidance of the first author.

Academic communication: In some multi-center or multi-team research, the leaders of different teams may be listed as the second author, in which case the second author is not inferior to the first author. The second author can also be the representative of the cooperative unit, responsible for academic exchanges and cooperative exchanges with other units.

Teamwork: The second author usually represents a team or cooperative unit, which plays a cooperative role in the whole research and promotes the integration and full utilization of various resources.

To sum up, the position and responsibility of the first author and the second author in academic papers are different. The first author is usually the main contributor and leader of research and has the highest academic authority, while the second author is usually a member who provides assistance and support in teamwork. Different modes of academic cooperation and research projects may adjust the author's ranking and status, but overall, the position and responsibility of the first author are more prominent.