Below, based on my experience in the application examination in recent years, I have summarized a set of topics and writing methods that are most suitable for candidates in the civil service application examination, which can easily make your application score more than 60 points!
First: outline the problem.
Don't start writing immediately after reviewing the topic and making up your mind. Instead, we should summarize the ideas, the overall ideas and the layout of the article, and make an outline first as the basis for writing. The advantages of this are:
First, know fairly well, which is convenient for macro-control;
Second, fast writing can be guaranteed;
Third, stick to the theme.
Therefore, candidates should develop the habit of writing an article with an outline first.
The outline includes the following contents:
(1) title
(2) General debate
(3) Sub-arguments and materials corresponding to each sub-argument (whether it revolves around the general point of view; Whether to repeat; What does it matter: parallel stratification, which argument is right for which material)
(4) Demonstration method
(5) Demonstration structure
(6) Start and end
(7) The approximate number of words in each part
Obviously, the outline is the concretization of conception, layout and thinking. Briefly describe a column, as if the article is already in front of you, and you can start writing at your leisure.
Many candidates are afraid of trouble and are unwilling to give an outline. Without an outline, it is easy to write casually, or there are still many candidates who have only written half and can't finish writing. Apart from the time factor, this is related to Otawa's failure to make an outline. In fact, the outline is extremely simple, don't think so complicated. On the back of the paper, draw a few squares (just a few paragraphs) with a pencil, write a few words on the central idea, write a few words on the general idea of each paragraph, each paragraph has a few words, and where are the famous sayings written (usually in the last paragraph). When writing, you should read it while writing, and you are allowed to modify it at any time.
Second: Proposed title
The title is very important in the full text, and the effect of listing is to make people feel "shocked" when reading. We can feel and judge the author's writing level and style from the number of words and the charm of the topic.
(1) requirements
From the content requirements, the title must be the central argument, or it must reflect the central argument. Moreover, the title should be eye-catching and concise.
(2) Form
The title of an argumentative paper includes the following five forms:
1. Parameter type. The topic itself is the central argument. For example, the key to solving contradictions and problems depends on development.
2. critical. The title puts forward a wrong point of view, which the author refutes. For example, you can't have "special citizens" and "how can you eat poor?"
3. Moral type. Hint means implied meaning. For example, "suspect killing a chicken to show the monkey" and "open your fingers" to "clench your fist".
4. Scope type. The topic itself is not the central argument, but the scope of writing. For example, cherish life or treasure wealth, stress honesty and gain and loss.
5. Emotional. Start with something and someone. Such as "from the bus auction".
We believe that as an exam-oriented composition, we should use the title of an argumentative or refuting article. Followed by the moral title. Again, it's interval type, don't use emotional appellation.
Third: the method at the beginning
Although the beginning is short, it is very important. People often say that "crested leopard tail" is very important for the beginning and end of an article. Only by making a good start can you write a good article.
The beginning of the article, like the tune of a piece of music, has a great influence on the style and structure of the full text. The beginning of the article is not equal to the first paragraph. Sometimes it may include more than two natural segments, and sometimes it may only have one natural segment. The following types are usually used at the beginning:
1. Xu Kai
Narrative is to summarize the main contents of the application materials or reflect the main problems, and then clarify the point of view.
Step 2: Shun Chu
That is, cut to the chase and put forward the argument directly. For example, in the beginning, "All rivers run into the sea, and all rivers run into the sea", most people who have achieved great things through the ages are open-minded and inclusive, while those who are jealous of talents and rely on talents rarely succeed. This is true at all times and in all countries.
Step 3 introduce
That is, famous sayings, famous sentences, etc. It's used to start an argument. For example, at the beginning of the article "Take the law to the top", there is a very intriguing sentence in Emperor Taizong's "Emperor Fan": "Take the law to the top and you have to win; Take the law, just for it. " It means that only by demanding high standards can we achieve good results and reach a high level.
4. Metaphor
That is to say, for example, lead to an argument. For example, "kill the chicken to show the monkey" is often used by some people as a warning and used repeatedly. However, I have some doubts.
compare
That is, using the method of positive and negative comparison, we can draw an argument. For example, what we need now is not political empty talk, but down-to-earth entrepreneurial spirit; What is needed is not a bystander, but a down-to-earth and serious spirit; What is needed is not the emotion of complaining about others, but the spirit of courage to contribute; What is needed is not self-destruction, but the determination to make a living.
ask questions
That is, start with a question and lead to an argument. For example, at the beginning of absorption and giving, people like green trees because they bring vitality to the earth and happiness to mankind. However, despite this, green trees must be deeply rooted in the soil to absorb water and nutrients. Someone has done experiments. A small poplar can absorb up to 5 kilograms of water in one day and night. What does this mean? Thus, if you want to give, you must never leave absorption.
In the examination, it is advocated to summarize the main problems of the material in the form of narration, and then put forward the argument by using one of the ways of introduction, metaphor, comparison or questioning; Or adopt one of the ways of introduction, metaphor, comparison or questioning, first put forward the argument, and then lead to the main problems reflected in the material. If you find both methods difficult to use, you can simply start with narrative methods.
Fourth: the method of ending.
There are five ways to end an argumentative essay.
(1) Summary, full text. Summarize the full text accurately and concisely.
For example, at the end of "From Bubble to Trap": Therefore, for those pioneers who paid a heavy price in the network industry, the above simple truth is even more precious. Because, this uncultivated virgin land is, after all, the place where you intend to settle down. How to ensure the purity and harmony of the Internet world is as important as constantly exploring the cause of the Internet. Therefore, it is an urgent task to make great efforts to fill all kinds of traps of lack of integrity in current online life and guide the healthy development of the Internet.
Another example is:
In a word, accelerating the construction of a conservation-oriented society is related to the cause of modernization, the fundamental interests of the people and the survival and long-term development of the Chinese nation. We must fully understand the extreme importance and urgency of accelerating the construction of a conservation-oriented society from the overall situation and strategic height, enhance our sense of hardship and crisis, and enhance our sense of historical responsibility and mission. In the spirit of being highly responsible for the country, the people and future generations, we should put accelerating the construction of an economical society in a prominent and important position and earnestly grasp it.
(2) Deepen the theme. At the end, play or emphasize the topic or what you said at the beginning, so that the article is in the same strain and compact in structure, which plays a role in deepening the theme.
For example, at the end of building a stable and orderly harmonious society, there is no way to build a harmonious society without stability. Recently, Japan's wrong attitude on a series of issues such as history and wrong actions that hurt the feelings of the Chinese nation have led some people and students in Beijing, Shanghai and other places to organize activities related to Japan spontaneously. We fully understand the patriotic enthusiasm of the masses and students. However, to express your patriotic feelings, you must be calm and rational and orderly according to law. We should deeply understand the meaning of "stability is the last word" and "development is the last word", resolutely implement the principles and policies of the Party and the state, consciously safeguard the political situation of stability and unity, turn patriotic enthusiasm into a powerful spiritual driving force for building a harmonious socialist society, and make unremitting efforts to achieve social harmony, build a beautiful society, realize the social ideal that mankind has been striving for and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
(3) Make suggestions and expect. At the end, express inspiration or expectation, which should be inspiring and infectious.
For example, at the end of the article, "Don't let those who speak honesty suffer", saying honesty is a virtue that our society should have. To make people talk about honesty, we should not only restrain those who don't talk about honesty in laws and regulations, but also condemn those who don't talk about honesty in morality. More importantly, there must be certain measures and a certain social atmosphere to encourage people who are honest and not let them suffer. Apart from giving moral expression to honesty, we don't necessarily give honesty a material reward, but at least we can't let them suffer political, economic or other losses because of honesty. For honest people, these conditions can be left out, but the whole public opinion should maintain a fair position, put itself in the shoes, and create a good social atmosphere for honesty.
Another example is:
Everything is good, and all virtues love first. There is more concern and less indifference between people; More gentle, less rude; Understand more and complain less; Give a helping hand more, copy less, interpret the true feelings with love, warm your heart with kindness, and happiness and beauty will remain in the world forever.
(4) Quote famous sayings and strengthen the theme. Quote famous sayings or poems at the end to strengthen the persuasiveness and appeal of the article.
For example, at the end of the article "Talking about Cooperation", there is an ancient poem saying: "The snow in Mei Xu Xun is white, but the snow has lost a piece of plum fragrance." Only when people are self-aware, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and be good at cooperating with others can they create "plum blossoms in the snow" in their careers.
Another example is:
"Strong is frugal, poor is not poor." Adhering to thrift and speeding up the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society is not only an urgent requirement of modernization, but also a fine tradition of the Chinese nation. This is not only the objective need of economic development, but also the inevitable requirement of building a harmonious society and socialist spiritual civilization. This is not only an important task of the party and the government, but also the conscious action of production enterprises and cadres and the masses. We should realize that if everyone wastes a little resources, the amount will be huge; Everyone saves a little resources, which is a great wealth. Party committees and governments at all levels should resolutely implement the spirit of the circular, strengthen leadership and coordination in building a conservation-oriented society, speed up the establishment of a scientific government performance evaluation system, and ensure that all arrangements for building a conservation-oriented society are implemented. We should set an example, take the lead in building a conservation-oriented society, drive the whole society to carry out various activities to build a conservation-oriented society, increase publicity and education, and strive to create a good atmosphere for building a conservation-oriented society. It is necessary to form the concept of advocating thrift, reasonable consumption and moderate consumption in the whole society, guide the transformation of consumption mode with the consumption concept of saving resources, and gradually form a civilized and economical behavior mode, and form a good fashion that everyone is responsible for building a conservation-oriented society and contributes to building a conservation-oriented society.
(5) Lyricism by borrowing meaning
For example, at the end of the article "Environment-Hope for Survival": For the buildings we own, for the neon we are intoxicated with, for the suffering of human civilization, for our future, don't let selfish desires fill our minds and face our world again! Heal the wounds of nature with love! Because only the green hills are always there and the green waters are always flowing, there is hope for survival.
The minimum requirement at the end is completeness. To achieve structural integrity, in addition to sketching, we must learn to take emergency remedial measures. Even if time is tight, try to end it, even if there is only one sentence. Pay attention to start a new paragraph and write a sentence in a summative language (compress the first paragraph or the full text).