Rice belongs to monocotyledonous plants, and its main structure consists of seed coat (seed coat is close to pericarp), embryo and endosperm, in which the nutrient substance of endosperm is mainly starch, and embryo is composed of embryo, hypocotyl, radicle and cotyledon.

Rice is divided into indica rice and japonica rice, early rice and middle and late rice, glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice according to rice type. Divided into conventional rice and hybrid rice according to the way of seed retention. According to soilless culture, it can be divided into rice and floating rice. The fruit of rice is rice, which is called brown rice after hulling. Rice can be obtained by grinding brown rice to remove the rice bran layer. Nearly half of the world's population lives on rice.

The main rice producing areas in China are Yangtze River Basin, Pearl River Basin and Northeast China. Rice is a direct cash crop and a staple food for China residents. At present, the rice planting area in China is 245 million mu of conventional rice and 200 million mu of hybrid rice.