Keywords: quality control, schedule control, investment control, personnel of engineering supervision department
The control management of engineering construction supervision mainly includes "quality control, schedule control and investment control", in which investment control is the foundation, schedule control is the condition and quality control is the core. Therefore, in the process of water conservancy project construction supervision, supervisors must firmly establish the quality consciousness of "quality first in a hundred years" and grasp this core. At the same time, coordinate and handle the relationship among the three major contract objectives of "schedule, quality and investment" to promote the optimal realization of contract management objectives. Combining with my own supervision work, I talk about the construction supervision in the construction stage of water conservancy projects, and put forward several points to exchange and learn from my peers.
The first is to establish a project supervision department with reasonable division of labor and clear responsibilities.
The effect of engineering supervision is closely related to the setting of supervision department. A strong and perfect project supervision department requires capable personnel, high professional level, reasonable division of labor and clear responsibilities. Therefore, how to reasonably divide the work within the supervision department and define everyone's post responsibilities is an important and serious matter, whether from the perspective of doing a good job in engineering supervision, or from the perspective of enhancing the sense of responsibility and mobilizing the enthusiasm of supervisors. Only when the division of labor is clear and the supervisors do their best can we give full play to the subjective initiative. At the same time, the supervision department will assign different work contents according to each person's different professional expertise, clarify the responsibilities within their work scope, make up for their professional weaknesses, improve their work, and keep the overall supervision level of the supervision department at a high level to meet the needs of the current water conservancy project supervision work.
Second, the quality requirements of engineering construction supervision for supervision personnel
1, professional quality and technical skills
Engineering construction supervision has the characteristics of professionalism, practicality and strong application, and the quality of supervision depends on the level, ability and quality of supervisors to a certain extent. Therefore, on the one hand, supervisors are required to have high academic qualifications and solid professional and technical theoretical knowledge, and at the same time, they must understand and master certain policies and regulations, computer application and organizational management knowledge to become compound talents in engineering construction. Only by constantly summing up experience, learning from each other's strengths and maintaining a high level of knowledge can we be competent and improve the level of supervision work. On the other hand, the political and ideological quality, professional ethics quality and physical quality of supervisors also determine the quality of supervision work. Specifically, they are politically qualified, law-abiding, have a strong sense of legal system, are familiar with the relevant laws and regulations of engineering construction, act in strict accordance with laws, regulations and rules, have the ideas of fairness, justice, honesty and self-discipline, have good organization and coordination ability, have a strong sense of responsibility, are hardworking, have team spirit and are in good health. In a word, the supervisor has high requirements for people's comprehensive quality.
2. Persuasive ability and good professional ethics.
Engineering construction supervision should take "honesty, law-abiding, fairness and integrity" as the professional criterion, "impartiality, independence and autonomy" as the working principle, according to the relevant laws and regulations of engineering construction, and in accordance with the engineering acceptance norms, procedures and quality inspection standards. Supervisors do not completely deal with "things" in the process of supervision, but more with "people". Without convincing ability, it is difficult to support and implement supervision instructions, suggestions, audit opinions and methods to deal with problems, and it is difficult for supervision to achieve the desired results. At the same time, supervisors must also have good ideological and moral character and professional ethics, adhere to the working attitude of seeking truth from facts and dealing with problems fairly, and must not harm the interests of any party in the project construction. We should diligently adopt the method of investigation and communication, improve the ability of organization and coordination, abide by the law, be fair and honest, and do our duty. Based on the laws and regulations of construction supervision, backed by laws and regulations, we are eager to serve the project construction. Only in this way can we establish the prestige of supervision and make the supervision work go smoothly and achieve the desired results.
3. Foresight and insight into the problem.
The main obligation of project supervision is to ensure the quality and safety of the project and safeguard the interests of both parties to the contract. However, engineering quality and safety accidents often have no obvious warning, and some violations are mostly carried out in a hidden state, sometimes giving supervisors an illusion. Therefore, if the supervisor is not careful, does not foresee and insight into the problem in advance, and does not take measures and stop it in time, it will cause great trouble and will eventually bear unshirkable responsibility. Because of man-made or construction machinery (equipment) failure, using inferior materials, cutting corners and other reasons, it will leave hidden dangers to the quality and safety of the project. If the supervisor does not handle it in time or improperly, once the engineering quality and safety accident happens afterwards, the responsibility will not be able to get rid of. As the saying goes, "Prevention is better than rescue". Rather than remedy afterwards, it is better to point out in advance that possible problems will not happen and eliminate them before the accident happens. This requires the supervisor not only to supervise and pre-control macroscopically, that is, not to violate the principle and conform to the regulations and norms on major issues; We should also pay attention to every subtle link at the micro level, focus on safety production and product quality, and think of "frequently-occurring diseases" and "common diseases" in engineering construction management one or two steps in advance as far as possible, so as to nip in the bud and really and effectively play the role of supervision and management.
4. Ability to coordinate relationships
In order to coordinate the relationship between the two parties to the contract, supervisors should have certain social experience and practical experience in engineering construction besides contract management knowledge and experience. It is necessary to go deep into the construction site to find problems in time and accurately grasp the first-hand information of the project construction. According to the corresponding laws, regulations, norms and standards and the legally binding contracts or agreements signed by the parties to the project construction, the interests of both parties to the contract are fairly and reasonably safeguarded through seeking truth from facts, equal consultation and coordinating the relations between the parties, and the enthusiasm of all parties to the project is fully mobilized to promote the smooth progress of the project construction.
Third, the quality control of the project construction stage
The engineering construction stage is the stage that makes the engineering design intention finally realize and form the engineering entity, and it is also an important stage that finally forms the engineering product quality. Therefore, quality control in the construction stage is not only an important work content of construction supervision, but also the focus of quality control of engineering projects. The supervision personnel's control over the construction quality of the project is to effectively supervise and manage the construction of the project according to the rights entrusted by the contract and around various factors affecting the construction quality.
1, quality control in construction preparation stage
Before the project starts, the project supervision department should strictly review the quality management system, technical management system and quality assurance system of the contractor's on-site project management organization to ensure that it can guarantee the construction quality of the project. The technical performance report provided by the contractor shall be reviewed for the construction machinery and equipment that has a significant impact on the project quality, and those that do not meet the quality requirements shall not be used. For the machinery and measuring instruments used in the construction process, the contractor is required to report the appraisal certificate of the relevant testing department and pay attention to its validity period. The application form for entry of engineering materials, components and equipment submitted by the contractor shall be accompanied by quality certification materials and entry quality inspection records, and the physical objects entering the site shall be subjected to parallel inspection or witness sampling according to the proportion specified in the entrusted supervision contract or relevant engineering quality management documents. The supervisor shall refuse to issue the engineering materials, components and equipment that have not been accepted by the supervisor or are unqualified, and shall issue a supervision notice and notify the contractor in writing to deliver the unqualified engineering materials and components within a time limit. Before the design disclosure, the project supervision department shall organize the supervisors to be familiar with the design documents, and put forward written opinions and suggestions to the design unit through the construction unit for the problems existing in the drawings; The project supervisor shall attend the design disclosure meeting organized by the construction unit and sign the minutes (records) of the design technical disclosure meeting. According to the supervision planning, design documents and specifications, the project supervision department prepares the detailed rules for supervision implementation, which will be implemented after being approved by the director. The director shall promptly organize all supervisors to review the construction organization design, technical scheme and progress plan submitted by the contractor, and put forward rectification opinions according to the situation, which shall be the responsibility of the contractor and finally approved by the director.
2. Quality control in the construction process
In the stage of construction process, dynamic control is the main management method, supplemented by prevention in advance, and three links are mainly grasped: guidance in advance, inspection in the process and acceptance afterwards. Everything is based on data, and everything is based on words. Do a good job in pre-control, actively find problems from the perspective of pre-control, and dynamically control key parts and key processes. In the process of construction management, we should pay attention to the quality control of "key parts" and realize the whole process and all-round quality control of engineering construction, so as to effectively realize the overall quality control of engineering project construction. The project supervision department shall regularly check the technical status of measuring equipment that directly affects the contractor's engineering quality, organize inspection and test of important raw materials and semi-finished products in accordance with regulations, and organize on-site supervision, inspection and acceptance of important sub-projects, sub-projects and various concealed works. Review the field test (evaluation) report of new materials, new technologies and new processes, which can be used for construction only after being confirmed and signed. In the process of construction, when the contractor adjusts, supplements or changes the approved construction organization design, it shall be reviewed by the supervision engineer and signed by the project supervision department. Project supervision department handles engineering changes. If it is an engineering change proposed by the design unit in view of the defects in the original design, a design change document shall be prepared. The engineering changes proposed by the construction unit or contractor shall be submitted to the project supervision department, which shall organize the supervision engineer to review. After examination and approval, the construction unit shall hand them over to the original design unit to prepare the design documents. The project supervision department shall hold regular meetings at the site to check and analyze the construction quality of the project, put forward improvement measures in view of the existing quality problems, and be responsible for drafting the minutes of the meeting, which shall be signed by the representatives of the participating parties.
3. Quality control in the final acceptance stage
The project supervision department shall inspect and accept the completed division, sub-project and unit project according to the quality evaluation standards and methods of the (current) national standard "Code for Acceptance of Engineering Construction Quality"; The supervision engineer shall review and conduct on-site inspection on the sub-item (inspection lot) engineering quality inspection and evaluation data submitted by the contractor, and sign after passing the inspection; For sub-items (electrical appliances, equipment debugging, etc. ) there are requirements for use, and inspection and evaluation (acceptance) must be carried out after inspection, test or operation. The project supervision department shall organize supervisors to review and conduct on-site inspection on the quality inspection and evaluation data of sub-projects (inspection lots) and unit projects submitted by the contractor, and sign after meeting the requirements. At the same time, urge the contractor to do a good job in sorting out the completion data, review the completion data and project quality report submitted by the contractor, put forward rectification and time requirements for the problems existing in the project quality and office data, and sign the completion acceptance after rectification.
4, supervision engineer quality control method
The quality control methods commonly used by supervision engineers include: witness, on-site supervision, patrol and parallel inspection, depending on the construction site conditions. Quality control points or to-be-checked points can be set for key parts and processes that are prone to common quality defects in engineering. On-site quality inspection methods include: visual inspection method, measurement method, measurement method (with the help of measuring instruments and equipment) and test method (through test pieces and sampling). The supervision engineer should fully understand and master the situation of the "three leading members" of the contractor (namely, the builder, the quality inspector and the safety officer), and take targeted preventive measures according to their weaknesses to prevent gross negligence and unnecessary losses to the project. In the process of construction, the contractor's builder, quality inspector and site safety officer will be put in place, and the project quality inspection system based on the contractor's own three inspection system will be gradually strengthened to change the passive situation that the project quality is only managed by the supervision engineer and improve the qualification rate of the first inspection of the project quality. Correctly treat and deal with the problems encountered in engineering construction with dialectical point of view; Handle the contradictions in the construction contract with a fair, just, objective and realistic working attitude. When there is a contradiction between the project progress and the construction quality, the contractor is required to seek the project progress by the construction quality and the construction benefit by the project progress to ensure the realization of the project quality standard. During the construction process, the supervisor dynamically controls the whole process before, during and after the implementation of the project, with the control method of combining pre-control and post-control as the main method, supplemented by post-control; Emphasize the foresight, planning and guidance of supervision work, and adopt advanced computer target management and scientific statistical data analysis to the maximum extent. According to the changes of construction conditions and project progress, suggestions and analysis reports for adjusting and controlling the progress are put forward to the owner unit in stages.
Fourth, the construction stage investment control
The key point of investment control is to do well the payment of engineering quantity, the verification of engineering quantity of engineering change project and the handling of engineering claim within the scope authorized by the owner and based on the construction contract, so as to control the engineering investment within the contract scope. In the construction stage, the supervision engineer should assist the owner to solve the problem of imperfect design in time, so as not to delay the construction period and claim compensation from the construction unit. According to the quality certificate, bill of quantities, technical specifications and design drawings, the quantities completed by the contractor shall be measured. Measurement items are all items in the bill of quantities, items specified in the contract documents and engineering change items. The supervisor is responsible for reviewing or directly obtaining the quantities completed by the contractor at the construction site, and issuing measurement certificates; The chief supervision engineer's main work in investment control is to review and sign payment certificates, review and handle engineering changes, issue engineering change orders and handle claims.
Five, the construction stage schedule control
Making a scientific and reasonable project construction schedule is the premise to realize schedule control, but it is difficult for planners to accurately estimate the problems in the project implementation process in advance. In the process of project implementation, due to the interference of some factors that affect the progress, the actual progress and the planned progress often deviate. The supervision engineer should take necessary monitoring measures to find out the reasons for the deviation in time and take effective measures to adjust the actual progress. When there is a big deviation in the implementation progress, he should analyze the reasons according to the contract, clarify the responsibilities and take measures. If it still can't be completed on time, it shall promptly put forward suggestions for adjusting the controlled schedule to the Employer, and complete the schedule adjustment with the consent of the Employer. Implement according to the adjusted schedule to ensure the project is completed on schedule.
In a word, the construction of the project is a complex and huge system engineering, and the factors affecting the quality of the project run through the whole construction process. Therefore, the supervision engineer should attach great importance to controlling the four 4MIE (people, materials, machinery, methods and environment) factors that affect the project quality, and eliminate the influencing factors as much as possible with solid theoretical knowledge and rich practical experience. Because the external environment involved in water conservancy project construction is wider and more complex than other projects, it requires supervision engineers to have stronger coordination ability and organizational adaptability, find problems and solve them in time, so as to achieve excellent quality, low cost, reasonable construction period and good benefits. Especially after China's entry into WTO, the construction supervision industry is facing fierce challenges in terms of supervision ability, supervision technology, engineering law and supervision talents. Therefore, we must strengthen the study in the industry, strengthen the awareness of legal system, do a good job in supervision in all aspects, and strive to make the water conservancy project supervision industry have a better future.
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