18 17 His mother died.

18 17 ~ 1825 studied at Shrewsbury private high school.

1825 ~ 1827 studied medicine at the university of Edinburgh, Scotland.

1828 ~ 183 1 studying theology at Cambridge university, England.

183 1 year ~ 1836, I traveled around the world with the battleship beagle.

1837, he began to write the first note on species evolution.

1838 reading thomas malthus's "population theory".

1In June of 839, she married Emma Wedgwood.1In February of 839, her son William was born. In the first stage of serious illness, she compiled a five-volume masterpiece Fauna during the voyage of Beagle1June 839 to1June 843.

1842 moved to Davenport Building on the outskirts of London.

From 1842 to 1846, he wrote a three-volume Geology during the voyage of Beagle.

1844 wrote an unpublished paper on evolution.

From 1846 to 1855, he studied and wrote articles about barnacles.

My father died on 1848, and his health was poor for a long time.

185 1 year, my daughter Anne passed away.

From 65438 to 0855, he began to write the main works of evolution.

1858, Linna Society in London read Darwin's and Wallace's papers on evolution, and the youngest son died.

The Origin of Species was published in 1859.

1860 The annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science held a big debate on evolution at Oxford University.

The disease continued from 1863 to 1865.

Variation of Livestock and Cultivated Plants was published in 1868.

Starting from 19, five books on plants were published in 1970s.

187 1 human origin and sexual selection was published.

1872 published "Emotional Expression of People and Animals".

The book Power of Plants published by 1880 summarizes the experiment of phototropism of plants.

Published works on earthworms in 188 1.

1On April 9th, 882, Darwin died in Davenport and was buried in Westminster Abbey. 1825 16 years old, his father sent him to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine.

Because Darwin had no intention of studying medicine, after he entered the Agricultural College, he still often went to the wild to collect animal and plant specimens and became interested in natural history. His father thinks he is "idle" and "idle". In a rage, 1828 sent him to Cambridge University to study theology, hoping that he would become an "outstanding priest" in the future, so that he could continue his interest in natural history without shaming his family. However, Darwin became more and more interested in natural history, and he completely gave up the study of theology. During his stay in Cambridge, Darwin met J. Henslow, a famous botanist at that time, and Sidgwick, a famous geologist, and received scientific training in botany and geological research. Darwin was also cautious about marriage. He took a piece of paper and drew a line in the middle. One side of the line says the benefits of marriage, and the other side says the benefits of being single. Darwin lamented that it was too lonely not to get married, and then wrote three "marriages" in a row-after proof, one must get married.

Darwin was obviously a gentle man who liked to chat with women. He just wants to find a traditional wife and mother. It's not that he has no other choice. My friend's three daughters, all very knowledgeable and smart, can argue with him about philosophy and science, and are more tolerant of his skepticism. He found his cousin Emma Wedgwood, who he had known since childhood. Emma is one year older than Darwin, and her father is Darwin's mother's brother. Emma agreed to Darwin's proposal-this man who loves to listen to women's nagging, and girls seem to regard him as the ideal husband material. Although Emma is worried that she will break up with her husband forever after her death, she will go to heaven, and her husband who does not worship God does not know where to go. She just asked Darwin to keep an open mind about faith. Two and a half months later, they got married.

The death of his daughter Anne did not destroy Darwin's marriage. In Emma's time, the death of her daughter Anne could easily be seen as punishment for her "immoral" behavior, such as marrying a man who didn't believe in God. But Emma never thought so. Both of them love Annie deeply. Seeing Anne stop breathing, Darwin himself fell ill in bed. He told Emma that we should cherish each other more. Emma replied: You must remember that you will always be my most precious wealth. Every Sunday, he goes to church with Emma and the children. The wife took the children to church, but Darwin walked alone in the town.

Emma may not agree with the view of natural selection (rather than God's creation) in the Origin of Species, and may not even be interested. But because of this, Emma was able to make the first reaction to the manuscript of the Origin of Species on behalf of religious people who had no scientific education at that time. Emma carefully read the manuscript, corrected spelling and punctuation, and suggested that Darwin write some paragraphs that are easy to stimulate believers and the church with gentle tone and clearer arguments.

If there were more reasons not to get married, if Darwin had been single and continued to live among intellectuals in London, if he had not married Emma, he might have written a more intense book. Because of Emma's participation, the debate on the views in the book can get rid of the emotional fetters and focus on facts and logic.

The Origin of Species was first published in 1859. 12 years later, Darwin published The Origin of Man. No matter how controversial the homology of apes is, the origin of human beings obviously has no influence on the feelings of Darwin and his wife. Shortly after the book was published, their oldest surviving girl, Edie, got married. Darwin told her: I have a happy life, which is entirely due to your mother-you should follow her example and your husband will love you as much as I love your mother.

Darwin died before Emma 14 years. There is a legend that he converted to religion before he died. Perhaps, to comfort Emma's sadness that she can't meet in heaven? There is no such thing. No such record was found in Emma's diary. Darwin was a scientist who stood his ground to the death. 183 1 After graduating from Cambridge University, his teacher Henslow recommended him as a "naturalist" to join the British Navy's "Beagle" on February 27th, 65438. First, I visited Brazil, Argentina and other neighboring islands on the east and west coasts of South America, then crossed the Pacific Ocean to Oceania, then crossed the Indian Ocean to South Africa, then returned to Brazil by bypassing the Cape of Good Hope through the Atlantic Ocean, and finally returned to Britain on June 2 1836. When he traveled around the world with balloons, he took some birds. In order to feed these birds, he planted a kind of grass called grass reed in the hut. It was dark in the cabin, and only the windows let in the sunlight. Darwin noticed that the grass seedlings curved towards the window. However, in the following decades, Darwin was busy establishing the theory of evolution, and it was not until his later years that he began a series of experiments to study phototropism. These experimental results are summarized in the book Power of Plants published by 1880. Darwin did these experiments with grass seeds. When grass seeds germinate, the germ is covered with a layer of coleoptile, which first breaks through the ground to protect the germ from damage when unearthed. Darwin found that coleoptile is the key to phototropism. If seeds are planted in the dark, their coleoptiles will grow vertically upward. If the sun shines on the seedlings from one side, the coleoptile bends in the direction of the sun. If the top of the coleoptile is cut off or covered with opaque things, the coleoptile will not bend to light, although light can still illuminate the coleoptile. If the coleoptile is covered with transparent things, the coleoptile will bend to the light. Even if the coleoptile is buried with opaque black sand and only the top is left, the buried coleoptile will still bend to the light. Darwin speculated that a signal substance was secreted at the top of the coleoptile and transported down to the curved part, causing the coleoptile to bend towards light.

This voyage changed Darwin's life. After returning to England, he has been busy with research and determined to become a serious scientist to promote evolution. 1838, he accidentally read T. Malthus's Population Theory, from which he was inspired and confirmed a very important idea he was developing: the world was not created in a week, the age of the earth is much older than that mentioned in the Bible, and all animals and plants have changed and are still changing. As for humans, it may have been changed by some primitive animals. Darwin realized the significance of struggle for existence in biological life and that natural conditions are necessary "choosers" in biological evolution. Different natural conditions, different selectors and different results.

However, he is extremely cautious about publishing the research results. 1842 began to write an outline, which was later expanded to several articles. 1858, under the pressure of young naturalist R. Wallace's creative epiphany and the encouragement of his friends, Darwin decided to submit Wallace's articles and some of his own essays to the professional Committee. 1859 The Origin of Species was published, and the first edition 1250 copies sold out on the same day. Later, Darwin spent twenty years collecting data, enriching his theory of species evolution through natural selection, and expounding its consequences and significance.

As a creative person who doesn't pursue fame, Darwin avoided arguing about his theory. Darwin wrote several books for scientists and psychologists when religious fanatics attacked the theory of evolution as contrary to the biblical theory of creation. The origin and sexual selection of human beings reports the evidence that human beings evolved from lower life forms, that animals and humans have similar psychological processes, and that natural selection occurred in the process of evolution.

1April 882 19, the great scientist died of illness, and people buried his body next to Newton's grave to show their respect for the scientist.