2. What is the significance and purpose of studying this topic?

3. How is the basic framework and structure of the full text arranged?

4. What is the logical relationship between the parts of the full text?

5. What different opinions have been found in the process of studying this topic? How do I know these different opinions? How to deal with it?

6. Although it is not mentioned in the paper, what other issues are closely related to it?

7. What other questions have not been clarified by yourself and not discussed in depth in the paper?

8. What is the main basis for making an argument when writing a paper?

Think carefully about the above questions, sort them out with notes if necessary, and write an outline of your speech for use in your defense. Only in this way can we be prepared.

Second, the defense skills

Students should first introduce the outline of the paper, which is called "self-report". It should be emphasized that "self-report" is not "self-reading". The reading of this book turned the report into "reading". "Scripting" is the first taboo. The content of this part can include writing motivation, reasons, research direction, latest research results, my new insights, new understandings or new breakthroughs in the paper. Be concise. You can't use the saying that "cutting the complexity and leaving the quilt clear, the painting is always cooked", that is to say, you should try your best to be rich in words and to the point. We should highlight the key points and express our most distinctive parts. It should be noted here that the theme is unknown; Second, avoid vague content and ramble; Three bogeys are dull and unfocused.

When defending, students should pay attention to manners and manners, which is the first signal to enter people's emotional channel. If the respondent can make an image in the first two minutes, it will be a good start. Some people decompose human posture into the smallest units to study (such as head, shoulders, chest, spine, waist, etc.) ), and think that concave breasts are arrogant-but excessive is arrogant; Shoulders, hands and neck are showing integrity and strength, and the back is straight, reflecting seriousness and self-confidence. But if you go too far, you will see that you can be modest and polite by leaning a little. Dr. Sun Yat-sen once said, "Even if there is awe in the audience, his style of action must make him listen to good words, which is what really inspires us."

When listening to the teacher's questions, you should master the following skills:

Calm down, listen and remember.

Concentrate and think seriously.

We should be confident and open-minded.

Seeking truth from facts, never demanding.

Listen carefully and listen clearly.

The skill to be mastered in answering questions is where is the "center", "crux" and "key" needed to answer each question when conceiving? From which example do you prove it? The content of the answer is essentially an organized "oral composition". First, the article should have arguments and arguments. Second, there are levels. Fourth, correct words and fluent language. Five, should be articulate and speak at a moderate speed. The beginning should be concise: straight to the point is the best beginning and the best way. The expression of the main part can be analyzed one by one, that is, the content to be answered is summarized and analyzed one by one, which is actually the material you have mastered, so that the expression will not be superficial, but can go deep into the essence. Piecewise analysis can be combined with some practical examples that I have mastered, sorted into several articles, listed as points and said one by one. A bowl of full rice must be eaten one by one, and the truth of full stomach must be told one by one, interlocking and interlocking. When preparing, you have prepared a relatively complete outline, and you can put some jade beads along the main line of the answer (for example)

As a student who will take part in thesis defense, he must first have a deep understanding and comprehensive familiarity with the contents of his graduation thesis. Members' preparation of possible defense questions about the depth of graduation thesis and related knowledge. The so-called "deep understanding" is a paper on building brand-name products and developing national industries after graduation. The thesis defense committee may ask what is the relationship between "national brand" and "famous brand"? Students who still participate in thesis defense after graduation must have a "comprehensive understanding" and "profound understanding" of their graduation thesis, otherwise there will be a gap.

Second, the thesis defense-chart interspersed

Any graduation thesis, whether it is liberal arts or science, involves the possibility of expressing the views of the thesis with charts to some extent. So I think there should be a quasi-viewpoint method, which is a means to adjust the atmosphere of the thesis defense meeting, especially for the members of the private thesis defense Committee. After listening for a long time, the acceptance and absorption of the content will inevitably affect your graduation thesis defense score. Therefore, the scores of thesis defense should be properly interspersed with charts in the process of thesis defense.

Third, thesis defense-moderate language flow

Students who defend their graduation thesis are usually the first time. Numerous facts have proved that they often speak faster and faster when defending their thesis, which makes them finish their graduation defense. Therefore, graduation defense students must pay attention to the speed of language flow in the process of thesis defense, which should be urgent rather than slow, light rather than heavy, and not happy.

Fourth, thesis defense-eye movement

When a graduate defends a thesis, he can generally leave the manuscript, leave it half-time, or leave it at all. But either way, you should pay attention to your eyes, Committee members and students attending the meeting. This is a way for you to make eye contact with your audience and make them interested in your topic. If the time is too long, members will inevitably be distracted. At this time, you will politely "pull" their gods back with your eyes, which will make the members think.

Fifth, thesis defense-body language assistance

Although the defense of graduation thesis is mainly oral as other thesis defense, proper use of body language will assist your thesis defense and make your thesis appear confident, powerful and irrefutable. On the contrary, if you stand up straight all the time during the thesis defense, or you are consistent.

Sixth, thesis defense-reasonable time control, novel topics and correct conclusions will greatly affect the effect of thesis defense. Therefore, we must pay attention to the use of body language when defending our graduation thesis.

Generally speaking, in a more formal thesis defense meeting, there is a requirement for the defense time of the debater. Therefore, students who defend their graduation thesis should vigorously control the time of thesis defense and end the deadline immediately. In this way, they appear prepared and are familiar with the mastery and control of the content, which is a good impression. Therefore, before the graduation thesis defense, we should have an estimate of the content of the defense. Of course, we should pay attention to the performance of flexible control in the process of graduation thesis defense.

Seven, thesis defense-stick to the theme

There are often many debaters when defending graduation thesis on campus. Therefore, it is impossible for members of the graduation thesis defense committee not to be familiar with every graduation thesis topic. Therefore, it is easy to question the title of the thesis, whether it can be carried out around the theme in the whole thesis defense process, and whether it can be deducted in the end. If the boundary can discuss the topic of the paper from beginning to end, it will make the judges think clearly.

Eight, thesis defense-personal use

In the process of graduation thesis defense, it will inevitably involve the use of person. I suggest using the first person as much as possible, such as "I" and "we", even though theorists cite data or materials, especially graduation thesis is often called self-creation, so it is more decisive and bold to use it. If so, people will have the impression that something belongs to you and has done a lot of work!

Problems that teachers may mention in graduation defense [2]

Problems needing attention in thesis defense

First, the graduation defense when the teacher will mention the problem

Some teachers in Huaigong are used to defending their papers: they like to ask questions about the format and content of the papers first, so that students are confused before answering the questions, so as to prepare and think; Questions are generally aimed at (mostly) or indirectly at a certain knowledge point or part of the paper, and many of them are in the abstract, catalogue and introduction; There is also the question of what the teacher thinks the mistakes, translations or doubts in your paper are. In this paper, some arguments are vague or inaccurate, inaccurate, some arguments are insufficient, and some questions about the level of arguments are confusing and difficult to demonstrate. The defense teacher may also ask some questions that are not comprehensive, unclear or limited in length structure and not elaborated in detail. In addition, the following questions may be asked:

1. Why did you choose this topic?

2. What is the significance and purpose of studying this topic?

3. How is the basic framework and structure of the full text arranged?

4. What is the logical relationship between the parts of the full text?

5. What different views have been found in the process of studying this topic? How do I know these different opinions? How to deal with it?

6. Although it is not mentioned in the paper, what other issues are closely related to it?

7. What other questions have not been clarified by yourself and not discussed in depth in the paper?

8. What is the main basis for making an argument when writing a paper?

Think carefully about the above questions, sort them out with notes if necessary, and write an outline of your speech for use in your defense. Only in this way can we be prepared and not panic when we get cold feet.

Second, the defense skills

Students should first introduce the outline of the paper, which is called "self-report". It should be emphasized that "self-report" is not "self-reading". The important skill here is to be careful not to read the report verbatim and turn it into "reading". "Scripting" is the first taboo. This part can include writing motivation, reasons, research direction, topic comparison, research scope, the latest research results around this topic, my new insights, new understandings or new breakthroughs in the paper. Be concise. Can't take up too much time, usually limited to ten minutes. The so-called "cutting the complexity and leaving the quilt clear, the painting is always familiar", that is to say, try to write the words rich and to the point. We should highlight the key points and express our greatest gains, deepest experience, essence and most distinctive parts. It should be noted here that the theme is unknown; Second, avoid vague content and ramble; Three bogeys are dull and unfocused.

When defending, students should pay attention to manners and manners, which is the first signal to enter people's emotional channel. If the respondents can present a good image with good manners and manners in the first two minutes, it will be a good start. Some people decompose human posture into the smallest units to study (such as head, shoulders, chest, spine, waist, etc.) ). They think that a concave chest means cowardice and inferiority, and a high chest means high mood-but excessive is arrogance and conceit; Shoulders, hands and neck are showing integrity and strength, and the back is straight, reflecting seriousness and self-confidence. But if it is too much, it will be considered rigid and conservative, slightly bent down, and slightly inclined can appear modest and polite. Dr. Sun Yat-sen once said, "Even if the audience is in awe of his manners, the format of his actions must make the audience have a quiet and meticulous atmosphere." His wise words really inspired us a lot.

Be very familiar with the content of your article, especially if it is written by others. As a student who will take part in thesis defense, he must first have a deep understanding and comprehensive familiarity with the contents of his graduation thesis. This is to prepare for answering questions that members of the thesis defense Committee may ask about the depth and related knowledge of the thesis.

Be sure to control your speech speed and behavior when you answer. Students who defend their graduation thesis are usually the first time. Numerous facts have proved that they often speak faster and faster when defending their papers, so that members of the graduation defense Committee can't hear clearly, which affects their graduation defense results. Therefore, in the process of thesis defense, graduation defense students must pay attention to the speed of language flow, combine urgency with slowness, and not bombard the audience like a barrage. When defending, students should pay attention to manners and manners.

When listening to the teacher's questions, you should master the following skills:

Calm down, listen and remember.

Concentrate and think seriously.

We should be confident and open-minded.

Seeking truth from facts, never demanding.

Listen carefully and listen clearly.

The skill to be mastered in answering questions is where is the "center", "crux" and "key" needed to answer each question when conceiving? Which angle is the best to answer the question? What examples should be given to prove it? The content of the answer is essentially an organized "oral composition". First, the article should have arguments and arguments. Second, there is a beginning, a subject and an end. Third, it is organized and hierarchical. Fourth, correct words and fluent language. Five, should be articulate and speak at a moderate speed. The beginning should be concise: straight to the point is the best beginning, and straight to the point to express your views is the best way to reply. The expression of the main part can be analyzed item by item, that is, the content to be answered is summarized and analyzed item by item, which is actually to sort out the materials you have mastered from the outside to the inside. Such a statement will not be superficial, but can go deep into the essence. Piecewise analysis can be combined with some practical examples that I have mastered, sorted into several items and listed into several subheadings: divided into several points and said one by one. A full bowl of rice must be eaten bite by bite, and the truth of full stomach must be told one by one, interlocking and interlocking, which makes people remember clearly after listening. If you have prepared a relatively complete outline when preparing, then put some jade beads (for example) along the main line of answering questions to make the center clear, coherent and reasonable.

As a student who will take part in thesis defense, he must first have a deep understanding and comprehensive familiarity with the contents of his graduation thesis. This is to prepare for answering questions that members of the thesis defense Committee may ask about the depth and related knowledge of the thesis. The so-called "deep understanding" means having a horizontal grasp of the graduation thesis. For example, in the thesis entitled "Creating famous brand products and developing national industries", the thesis defense committee may ask what is the relationship between "national brand" and "famous brand". Although "national brands" may not be involved in the graduation thesis, students who take part in the thesis defense must have a "comprehensive understanding" and a "profound understanding" of their graduation thesis, otherwise there will be an embarrassing situation.

Thesis defense-moderate language flow

Students who defend their graduation thesis are usually the first time. Numerous facts have proved that they often speak faster and faster when defending their papers, so that members of the graduation defense Committee can't hear clearly, which affects their graduation defense results. Therefore, in the process of thesis defense, graduation defense students must pay attention to the speed of language flow, combine urgency with slowness, and not bombard the audience like a barrage.

Thesis defense-eye movement

When a graduate defends a thesis, he can generally leave the manuscript, leave it half-time, or leave it at all. But no matter which way, we should pay attention to our eyes, so that our eyes often glance at the members of the thesis defense Committee and the students attending the meeting. This is a way for you to make eye contact with your audience and make them interested in your topic. At the graduation thesis defense meeting, because of the long listening time, members will inevitably be distracted. At this time, you will politely "pull" their gods back with the projection of your eyes, and let the members' thoughts follow your thoughts.

Thesis defense-body language assistance

Although the defense of graduation thesis is mainly oral like other thesis defense, proper use of body language will assist your thesis defense and make your thesis defense more effective. Especially if the gesture language is used properly, it will be confident, powerful and irrefutable. On the contrary, if you always stand up straight or bow your head in the process of thesis defense, even if your thesis is reasonable in structure, novel in theme and correct in conclusion, the effect of thesis defense will be greatly affected. Therefore, we must pay attention to the use of body language when defending our graduation thesis.

Thesis defense-time control

Generally speaking, in a more formal thesis defense meeting, there is a requirement for the defense time of the debater. Therefore, students who defend their graduation thesis should pay attention to the mastery of the time of thesis defense. The time control of thesis defense should be strong, and the deadline will end immediately. This seems to be well prepared, and I am familiar with the mastery and control of the content, which is easy to leave a good impression on the members of the graduation thesis defense Committee. Therefore, before the graduation thesis defense, we should have an estimate of the content of the defense. Of course, the flexible reduction or increase in the process of graduation thesis defense is also a manifestation of the time control of thesis defense, which needs attention.

Thesis defense-stick to the theme

There are often many debaters when defending graduation thesis on campus. Therefore, for the members of the graduation thesis defense committee, it is impossible for them to have a comprehensive understanding of the content of each graduation thesis, and some may even be unfamiliar with the topic of the graduation thesis. Therefore, in the whole process of thesis defense, it is very important to deduce the topic around the theme. In addition, members are generally easy to ask questions about the theme of the paper. If the boundary can discuss the topic of the thesis from beginning to end, it will make the judges think clearly and affirm your graduation thesis.

Thesis defense-personal use

In the process of graduation thesis defense, it will inevitably involve the use of names. I suggest using the first person as much as possible, such as "I" and "we". Even if the materials in the thesis are quoted from others, we use "we have quoted" data or materials, especially the graduation thesis is often called self-made, so we should use the first person "I" and "we" more decisively and boldly. If so, it will give people the impression that something is yours and you have done a lot of work!

abstract

The defense teacher examines the following aspects:

1. What is the attitude of reply?

2. Whether the thinking is clear;

3. Whether the answer is accurate;

4. Whether the language is fluent;

5. Is there any remedy for the deficiency of the original text?

comment

In the process of defense, the student introduced the basic content and main points of the paper, with a correct attitude, clear thinking, fluent language and quick response, and was able to answer the questions raised by the defense members clearly and accurately. The defense shows that the student has in-depth research on …, sorted out a large number of documents, has a certain ability of literature review, and is innovative in …. But the paper also has some shortcomings, such as.

Based on the opinions of the instructor (reviewer) and the student's performance in the defense process, the defense team, after careful discussion, unanimously agreed to defend the student's graduation thesis (double-degree thesis) and suggested that a bachelor's degree (law) be awarded.

Problems that the teacher may mention in graduation defense [Article 3]

Dear teachers:

Hello, everybody!

I am xx from xx-x class of Surveying and Mapping Department, and my thesis topic is the present situation and prospect of engineering survey development. The thesis was completed under the careful guidance of xx-x tutor. Here, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my tutor, to all the teachers who have taken pains to participate in my thesis defense, and to express my heartfelt respect to all the teachers who have had the opportunity to listen to my teachings in the past three years. Next, I will report the purpose and main contents of this paper to all teachers and ask them to criticize and guide. First of all, I want to talk about the purpose and significance of this graduation thesis design.

Objective: Modern engineering survey has gone far beyond the concept of only serving engineering construction, involving not only the measurement of static and dynamic geometric and physical quantities of engineering, but also the analysis of measurement results and even the trend prediction of object development and change. Therefore, I want to predict the future measurement needs of human beings through people's correct understanding of the current engineering measurement technology and continuous exploration of new technologies. Using these new technologies, the engineering survey is developing in a scientific and automatic direction. It has promoted the rapid development of China's construction industry.

Secondly, I want to talk about the structure and main contents of this article. This paper is divided into seven parts. The first part expounds the development of engineering survey in theory and method from the classification and meaning of engineering survey respectively. (1) classified according to engineering construction procedures.

(2) Classification by project type of engineering survey service.

The second part summarizes the current development direction of measuring instruments.

This paper mainly studies from three aspects: measuring robot, super total station and special instrument.

To sum up, the special instrument for engineering measurement has the characteristics of high precision (submillimeter, micron or even nanometer), rapidity, telemetry, non-contact, mobility, continuity, automatic recording and microcomputer control. The third part is the development status of engineering survey technology.

This paper mainly studies from four aspects, namely

Application of 1 ground measuring instrument in engineering survey

Photoelectric rangefinder, precision rangefinder, electronic theodolite and laser collimator have created favorable conditions for the development of engineering survey in the direction of modernization, automation and digitalization.

Application of GPS positioning technology in engineering survey

The conventional ground positioning technology with angle measurement, ranging and leveling as the main body is gradually being replaced by GPS technology, because GPS technology determines three-dimensional coordinates at one time, which is fast, accurate, low-cost and simple to operate.

Application of digital surveying and mapping technology in engineering survey

In the past, digital mapping had a heavy workload, harsh environment and long cycle. Now, advanced field data acquisition equipment can be combined with microcomputer and numerical control plotter to form an automatic mapping system for field or indoor data acquisition, data processing, graphic editing and drawing. Application of photogrammetry technology in engineering surveying and mapping

Photogrammetry technology is widely used in urban and engineering surveying and mapping fields, which can provide complete and real-time three-dimensional spatial information.

The fourth part, through consulting materials in the library and searching on the Internet, learned some expectations about the future development of engineering surveying.

For example, unmanned aerial vehicle, survey vehicle, 3S technology, photogrammetry, digital mapping and the combination of three-dimensional technology and geographic information system are all in the development stage, which is the future development direction.

The above is the main structure and content of my thesis. In this paper, I spent a lot of time collecting materials as much as possible and trying my best to use what I have learned to write the paper. In the process of writing and revising, I became more and more aware of my lack of knowledge and experience. Although I have revised the manuscript many times after I finished it, I know there are still many shortcomings in the paper that need to be improved. Please criticize and correct me,

Thank you.

question

1. Why did you choose this topic? What is the practical guiding significance?

We need to innovate constantly in technology and instruments. Therefore, I want to predict the future measurement needs of human beings through people's correct understanding of the current engineering measurement technology and continuous exploration of new technologies. Using these new technologies, the engineering survey is developing in a scientific and automatic direction. It has promoted the rapid development of China's construction industry.

2 How are the core concepts in the paper reflected in your article?

This paper mainly studies and expounds the instruments and technologies, and explains the current development stage and future development direction. Personally, I think the core of our engineering survey is two points, "instrument" and "technology"

3. Think in a negative way. What will happen if you don't do what you say?

If you are content with the status quo, the measurement technology will never be improved and can't meet the needs of design development, and surveyors will do a lot of useless work.

After your research, what do you think will be the result? What are the positive or negative effects? I dare not say that my thesis will be widely spread in the future, but I think at least some people will have a deeper understanding of the knowledge of measurement after reading it, thinking that what I wrote is summarized from reading many books.

5. What are the hypotheses, actual and inevitable results of the research? What should be in the research: (What should it look like) Everyone hopes that technology will develop higher and better, but it is only in constant search.

The fact in the research is: (What is your current problem in your research field) You can't correctly understand the current development of measurement technology and instruments.

The reasons in the study are: (How to change the present appearance into a suitable appearance. ) Create new technologies and instruments through bold imagination, research, continuous exploration and experiment.

6. How is the basic framework and structure of the full text arranged?

I divide this paper into seven parts, but I use a lot of words to describe the development of measuring instruments and measuring technology.

7. In the process of studying this topic, I found out how I gradually realized and handled these different opinions.

8. What are the issues that are not discussed in the paper but are closely related to it?

The study of theoretical knowledge, regardless of the development of instrument technology, is inseparable from theoretical knowledge and the development of social science and technology today.

9. What other questions have I not clarified? The theoretical knowledge in this paper is not enough.