Papers are often used to refer to articles that conduct research in various academic fields and describe academic research results, which are referred to as papers for short. It is not only a means to discuss problems in academic research, but also a tool to describe academic research results in academic exchanges. Including academic papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, achievement papers and so on. The following is a summary of punctuation marks in my carefully compiled references. Welcome to share.

All punctuation marks in "References" have lost their original meaning, and all punctuation marks must be half-angle. If your input method has half-angle/full-solution conversion, you can switch to half-angle state. If your input method does not have this conversion function, just turn off the Chinese input method and input in English input state. In fact, many input methods (such as the popular Sohu input method) provide four combinations:

(1) Chinese punctuation+full angle: the punctuation entered at this time is like this. : 1- (I didn't find any keys for input/symbols at this time), that is to say, these symbols must not appear in the "reference";

(2) Chinese punctuation+half angle: The punctuation entered at this time is like this. : 1- (I haven't found any keys for input/symbols at this time), which means that these symbols can't appear in the "reference";

There are no spaces between the symbols listed above. Can you see the difference between them? I think it's just-the width is a little different, and everything else is the same.

(3) English punctuation+full angle: the punctuation entered at this time is like this. : [ 1]-/

(4) English punctuation+half angle: The punctuation entered at this time is like this. : [ 1]-/

It can be clearly seen from these two items that the biggest difference between a half-width and a full-width is the different width occupied, which is most obvious for numbers, while English punctuation marks are obviously much smaller than Chinese punctuation marks (probably because the functions of English punctuation marks are not as complicated as Chinese, that is to say, the ability of English punctuation marks is not as powerful as Chinese).

Therefore, when writing "references", many people always feel that it is unclear to use English punctuation+half angle, and the spacing is too small. Actually, don't worry about this at all If you think it is too small to look good, use English punctuation+full angle. Punctuation can also be used. Add a space after it, but make sure that all items have the same number of spaces. There is usually a space after that.

More detailed contents can be downloaded from the attachment to the national standard GB/T 77 14-2005. But it's long and annoying. Be patient.

For English references, we should also pay attention to the following two points:

(1) The author's name adopts the principle of "surname comes first, surname comes last", and the specific format is: surname, initial. For example, Malcolm Richard Cowley should be Cowley, and M.R. If there are two authors, the method of the first author remains the same, and then the first letter of the second author is put in front, and the surname is put behind. For example, Frank Norris and Owen Gordon should be Norris.

(2) Title and registration are in italics, such as Mastering English Literature and English Weekly. ;