How to grasp the argument of argumentative paper quickly and accurately
It is very necessary for middle school students to grasp the arguments of argumentative writing quickly and accurately and improve their reading ability. So, how can we grasp the argument of argumentative paper quickly and accurately? We must understand and master the following "Three Clearances":
First of all, make clear the content characteristics of the argument.
The so-called argument is the author's view, viewpoint or attitude towards the problem to be discussed. It is the commander-in-chief and master of argumentative writing, and all the materials, structures and methods in this paper are selected and arranged for discussion. An argumentative paper has only one central argument, which embodies the author's basic point of view. For example, the argument of "thinking and doing": doing depends on the guidance of thinking; Yes, you have to prove it with actions. Thinking and action are closely linked. In the argumentative essay, the author's attitude towards what to affirm, what to deny, what to publicize and what to resist is very clear and unambiguous. Because whether the distinction is the key to the argument depends on whether its content is the core of the full text and whether it clearly expresses the author's views and opinions. It should be noted that it is different from a topic that only indicates the scope of discussion.
Second, make clear the expression form of the argument.
The content of an argument is the author's views and opinions, and its expression form must serve its content. Whether it is a direct indicative argument or an indirect inclusive argument (there are no ready-made sentences in this paper as arguments, and readers need to understand and summarize them themselves), they must have this fundamental feature that reflects the author's distinct ideological tendency. As we know, in various sentence patterns, judgment, exclamation and rhetorical question are often the most expressive. So the expression of an argument is usually undertaken by such sentences and sentences. For example, "Talk about backbone" argues: "We China people have backbone." But no matter which sentence pattern, it must be a clear judgment, and it is the author's view and proposition on a certain problem or phenomenon.
Third, clarify the position of the argument.
When it comes to the position of the argument, what is said here is limited to those articles that can directly find the argument in the text, that is, the argument is indicative. In this kind of article, the position of the argument is generally regular, which can be quickly found through the following "four readings".
1 Look at the title of the article. The title of an argumentative paper generally has two functions: one is to point out the topic, such as "being modest"; Point out arguments first, such as "there should be a spirit of understanding things" and "there is more than one correct answer to things". The latter is intended to make the topic clear. The topic itself is an argument.
Look at the beginning of the article. Liang Qichao once pointed out: "The article is the most fascinating and easy to move." A good article is often straight to the point, boring and incisive, so that readers can understand the author's ideas at first reading, thus guiding readers to read the whole article.
3 Look at the end of the article. The ancients said that after death, they were determined to win. Indeed, some argumentative papers often analyze and reason at the beginning of the article and then draw conclusions at the end of the article because of the need of discussion. This conclusion is the author's central argument.
4 the idea of reading the article. Some argumentative papers belong to the type of "outstanding in the article", and you need to read the ideas of the article to find the argument. That is, analyze the thinking of the article, step by step, grasp the central sentence of each layer, and then find the argument. Because of the need of reasoning, such an argumentative paper often comes to an argument after preliminary discussion.
Judging from the reading and answering of argumentative papers in the senior high school entrance examination over the years, students have lost more points in this respect, especially there are great problems in summarizing the central arguments of the articles. On the one hand, there are few argumentative essays in the textbooks, and on the other hand, students have not mastered the basic methods of reading argumentative essays. How to teach students to read argumentative essays? Combined with my usual teaching, I put forward some superficial ideas for people of insight. Look at the title
The most important thing in reading argumentative essays is to grasp the arguments of the articles. Argument is the viewpoint that controls the whole paper, the author's views and opinions on the discussed issues, and the center of the article. Grasping the argument is the key to correctly understand the content of the article and the author's thoughts and feelings. Argument is a complete statement of the author's point of view and should be a clear judgment.
The title of the article is the title of the article. When analyzing the arguments of an article, we might as well start with the title of the article and determine it according to the characteristics of the title, because the title of some argumentative papers is itself an argument or contains an argument. Grasping the title is very important for analyzing and grasping the argument of the article. Usually, there are four relationships between the title and the central argument: first, the title itself is the central argument; For example, where there is a will, there is a way, and contentment is always happy. Art education must pay attention to it. Second, the topic is the scope of discussion, only the object or problem of discussion is put forward, and the argument is put forward in the article. For example, On Reading and On Fashion. Third, the topic implies the central argument in a metaphorical way; For example, in "Beautiful Jade has Flaws", the article metaphors the central argument that everything has shortcomings. Fourth, the topic implies the central argument of the article in the form of questions. For example, "Do pro-Mexicans have to be black?" The answer will be revealed in the article. Of these four situations, only the first one directly shows the central meaning of the article. How to infer the other three situations? If we only talk about the scope, we can refine the author's point of view, such as On Reading, locate reading, and then see how the author views reading. This is an opinion; If the topic is a figurative sentence, you can find the figurative meaning first, then find the original meaning in the article and summarize it slightly; If it is a question, the answer in the article is the central argument.