1, component:
Main moving parts (gate leaves): used to close or open the orifice, including panel beam system, supporting walking parts, guide and water stop devices, lifting lugs and other weighing structures.
Embedded parts: including main rail, guide rail, hinge seat, lintel, threshold, water stop seat, etc. Buried around the orifice, it is connected with the concrete of the hydraulic structure through the anchor bar to transfer the load and realize the good sealing performance of the gate.
Opening and closing equipment: connected with the lifting lug of the door leaf, used to operate and control the position of the movable part. The common opening and closing methods are mechanical operation and hydraulic automatic control.
2. Type:
According to different classification methods, sluices can be divided into the following types:
According to the manufacturing materials, it is divided into wooden gates, wooden steel frame gates, cast iron gates, reinforced concrete gates, steel gates and composite gates.
According to the relative position between the sluice top and the horizontal plane, it can be divided into open sluice (the sluice top is above the water surface) and submerged sluice (the sluice top is below the water surface).
According to the nature of work, it can be divided into working gates (opened and closed in running water), emergency gates (closed in running water and opened in still water) and maintenance gates (used to temporarily block water when building or working gates are overhauled and open and close in still water).
According to the gate opening and closing mode, it can be divided into mechanical operation gate and hydraulic automatic gate (the gate is controlled by the change of water pressure when the water level fluctuates).
According to the different forms of door leaf support, it can be divided into fixed wheel support door, hinge support door, slide support door, sprocket door, tandem roller door, round roller door and so on.
The selection of suitable gate type needs to consider engineering requirements, operating conditions, gate span, opening and closing force and economic cost. Plane gate and arc gate are the most commonly used gate forms. Large and medium-sized open-cut and submerged working gates mostly use arc gates, and high-head deep-hole working gates mostly use arc gates. Plane gates are usually used for emergency gates and maintenance gates. For high-head gates, it is necessary to reduce vibration and cavitation, improve hydraulic conditions, and conduct dynamic analysis and research. The accuracy of manufacturing and installing gates also needs to be strictly controlled. Under special circumstances, such as complex boundary flow pattern or special shape, it may be necessary to solve the problem of vibration and cavitation erosion through hydraulic model test and choose the appropriate gate slot shape.
To sum up, water conservancy machinery and equipment are of great significance to the sustainable utilization of water resources and the protection of water environment.