Military system (including integration of defense and civilian technologies system) 1. Government military system (Western Wei-Middle Tang Dynasty) 1. Origin: The official military system was originally the military system of the Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties. Government soldiers are professional soldiers, and all soldiers are under the command of the military government. Not included in the county household registration, family members also live with the camp and are included in the military households. Features: the military and civilians belong to different nationalities, and the military and agriculture are separated; Hu Han divide and rule. 2. The reform of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty: (1) Measures (2) Features (essence): (3) It affected the combination of the system of officers and men and the system of land equalization, and became a system of integration of soldiers and farmers. 3. Adjustment and improvement of Emperor Taizong: (1) Measures to increase the number of military offices, one third of which are stationed in Guanzhong, which is conducive to centralization; Soldiers will be separated, and it is not easy to raise soldiers; During the service period, government soldiers are exempt from taxes, but when they go out, they bring their own weapons and food, and the burden of military expenses is placed on farmers. (2) Advantages and disadvantages 4. Collapse: During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (1) Reasons: Roots: With the destruction of the land equalization system, the officers and men system lost its economic foundation; Because of frequent wars and heavy military service, many soldiers fled; The social status of government soldiers has declined, nobles and bureaucrats regard government soldiers as private servants, and society is ashamed to be government soldiers. Second, the recruitment system (after the mid-Tang Dynasty) aims to enhance military strength. Difference: (1) government soldiers are appointed by farmers according to regulations, while conscription is free; (2) officers and men have land, and recruiting is to grant land after the recruitment; (3) government soldiers provide their own food, and conscription is distributed by the government; (4) Under the government system, soldiers and generals are separated, while recruiters are professional soldiers, and the subordinate relationship between soldiers and generals is relatively fixed. Impact (pros and cons): (1) Reduce the burden of military service for farmers, which is conducive to the development of production; (2) enhancing military strength; (3) It is the root of the warlord regime. Thinking: During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the military system of the Tang Dynasty experienced a change from the official system to the recruitment system. Try to analyze the difference between the two and the reasons for the change. Three, garrison law, garbo law, general art of war (Northern Song Dynasty) four, Meng 'an Mo restraint (gold) five, the Eight Banners system (Qing Dynasty)