The essence of a great nation's cultural life is often contained in classics. The author chooses the golden mean to interpret it deeply. The Doctrine of the Mean points to the core of China's thought and culture in its unique way. With people's tolerance and understanding of it, this core idea has gradually formed the main behavior pattern of China people. The author explains the philosophical significance of the doctrine of the mean from two aspects: cosmology and methodology.
Keywords: ontological dialectics of the golden mean
First, Confucius' doctrine of the mean.
The doctrine of the mean originated from prehistoric legends. The doctrine of the mean includes ontology, cosmology and kungfu theory, which runs through life, man and heaven. Mr. Mou Zongsan called it ontology cosmology. The author will focus on the philosophical significance of the doctrine of the mean from two aspects: cosmology and methodology.
Second, the golden mean world outlook.
(A) Honesty is the Heaven ―― the change from philosophy of life to world outlook
? Honesty? It is one of the most important categories in the golden mean. ? Honesty? There are two explanations: attribute meaning and entity meaning. The former is? True and innocent? It means. Honest people don't want to be caught in the middle, they can get it without thinking, let it be and be a saint. ? (Chapter 20 of the Doctrine of the Mean) The latter is interpreted as true and innocent sincerity.
In the spiritual sense, honesty is the full embodiment of benevolence. From the mean? Sincere body? Is it? Ren? . Including the performance of sports and creativity. So there are:
? Only when the world is sincere can we do our best. If you can do your best, you can do your best. If you can make full use of human nature, you can create the best things. If we can make the best use of everything, we can praise the teaching of heaven and earth. You can praise the cultivation of heaven and earth, and you can participate in heaven and earth. ? (Chapter 22 of the Doctrine of the Mean)
Sincerity is here? Where to? Is it sex? Do what? . Only sincerity and sex can bring it? Ren? Ontology can be fully displayed. This fate endows people with materiality and humanity. Perfect humanity and perfect materiality seem to be isolated, but in fact? Exhausted? Two aspects of this process. Both are carried out at the same time, but they exist independently.
(2)? Participate in heaven and earth? With what? Only sincerity can do it in the world? -The idea of the wholeness of things and people in the golden mean.
? Honesty is the goal, but dishonesty is useless. Therefore, honesty is the most important thing for a gentleman. Honest people are not self-contained, so they become things. Be yourself and be kind; The achievements are well known. The virtue of sex is also a combination of appearance and appearance, and it is appropriate to take timely measures. ? (Chapter 25 of the Doctrine of the Mean)
Honesty, the natural principle of talent, runs through everything. Without honesty, there is nothing. Therefore, honesty is the most important thing for a gentleman. A sincere person can get in touch with everything and others without achieving his own achievements. Being one's own person, without selfish intention, is benevolence; People who become things teach according to things, which is knowledge. The asexual benevolence is consistent in body and use, which conforms to the law of consistency in appearance and appearance, so it can be implemented at any time, and there is nothing inappropriate.
Everything, from beginning to end, is based on sincerity, sincerity and tolerance, throughout, so the cloud: Honest people, things are always. ? Ditch water is easy to dry up, epiphyllum is easy to wither, morality, achievements, literature and art are pushed forward, and hypocrisy will eventually disappear. So:? Dishonest, nothing? . A gentleman becomes himself, accomplishes things, and cultivates both inside and outside.
The Doctrine of the Mean, a humanistic conception of the transformation from individual to group to nature (heaven and earth), seems to be just a simple process, but in fact it contains a strong belief in the unity of heaven, earth and man. Human nature is endowed by heaven, but it does not exist passively. At the same time, it has entered the endless process of making heaven. In this sense, to truly realize human nature, it is necessary to form the ultimate realm of the unity of heaven and earth. But such a realm may only be achieved by saints, and it is difficult for ordinary people to practice it in specific affairs.
Third, the methodology of the doctrine of the mean.
( 1)? So, a gentleman is cautious? -personal cultivation kung fu from benevolence to essence.
All human nature is influenced by fate, and all human nature is manifested in? Ren? . The golden mean? Wudao Road? 、? Three dads? One end of benevolence, can you see it? Ren? It works well. So, through practice? Ren? Only in this way can people return to their nature. To practice benevolence and be cautious? Kung fu is essential. As the Doctrine of the Mean says:
? Destiny is nature, frankness is Tao, and cultivation is teaching. If you are a Taoist, you can't leave for a moment; You can stay, but you can't. Therefore, a gentleman should be cautious about what he has not seen. Fear is almost unheard of. Don't be invisible, don't be subtle, so a gentleman is cautious. ? (Chapter 1 of The Doctrine of the Mean)
All human nature is inherited by fate, and everyone has its authenticity, so why bother? People's freshness has a long history, and human nature is sincere, but it is often concealed and infiltrated by material desires in real life. We will not completely deny our desires like ascetics. Desire itself belongs to one end of human nature and cannot be eliminated. So how can we achieve such a perfect state required by the doctrine of the mean? Just ask someone? A gentleman who is careful not to see it is almost unheard of. Cann't you see it's hidden? Cann't you see it? . What is too dark to see is called concealment, and what is too close to see is called microscopic. The place that is too dark to see is the most exposed; What is too fine to see is the greatest. These all stem from the height and awakening within the individual. "The Analects of Confucius" said: I save myself three times a day? 、①? See not wise, and introspection? ②,? Never seen anyone who can see an internal prosecution? ③
(2)? Mean? What? Medium? These are two sides of things ―― the top and the bottom.
The doctrine of the mean originated from? Allow it in the middle? Here? Medium? Interpreted as a kind of political fairness. The goodness of the species that Confucius ruled:? A gentleman benefits without pain, works without complaint, desires without food, is Thai but not arrogant, and is mighty but not fierce. ? (4) What about the golden mean? Medium? It can be understood as midpoint and center. If sex and Tao can only be understood as perfection, what it wants to express is an extreme state, not a retrogression. Homecoming? .
Confucius thought the golden mean was neither? Pass? , not really? Less than? , but can't leave? Pass? With what? Less than? And exist independently. If you can? Aggressive With what? Do something? Can you kill two birds with one stone by combining two good aspects organically? Aggressive Is it okay? Do something? The realm of moderation. However, Mohist thought is the opposite. ? Desire for righteousness, evil for righteousness? 、? Two for no reason? 、? Just not shaking? (? Desire? What? Positive? what's up Lee? ; ? Evil? What? Positive? what's up Hurt? )。 They believe that a quality has two aspects, but only one aspect of the quality in a process is main and relatively stable, so it must be biased.
Third, the enlightenment of the doctrine of the mean.
With the development of world multipolarization and economic globalization, how to correctly treat the relationship between China's excellent traditional culture and its modernization is of great influence and significance to how to build Socialism with Chinese characteristics's advanced culture in the new period.
First, we should treat traditional culture with a concrete analysis of specific problems. ? Give up for something? We should also treat China's traditional culture well. We can't stick to one side of the story, nor can we accept all the mistakes in general. Instead, we should have the scientific spirit of critical inheritance, get rid of its dross and inherit the positive factors that have reference significance for our modernization.
Second, we should have the spirit of keeping pace with the times and being brave in innovation when dealing with traditional culture. Confucius' doctrine of the mean originated thousands of years ago. After numerous tempering, development and enrichment, it has a very heavy connotation. As the leader of the proletarian revolution, Mao Zedong, from the standpoint of the broad masses of the proletariat, used the sharp weapon of dialectical analysis of Marxist materialism to break the limitations of traditional culture and morality and made vivid innovations in the concept of sports development.
Third, we should stick to traditional culture? Time is the only criterion for testing truth? This standard. China's traditional culture has experienced the formation, development and accumulation of more than 5,000 years. In such a grand and profound cultural system, there are both essence and dross. How to achieve it? Give up? With what? Have to? It has become an important factor in the rise and fall of Chinese civilization. Facts have proved that true knowledge comes from practice.
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