Do not exceed the length of the journal to be submitted (generally 250 words), and clearly explain the main information in the paper. Generally, it is a paragraph (some medical journals require a structured abstract, which consists of several paragraphs, each with a standardized subtitle). Many readers will read the abstract of the paper before reading the full text, whether they read the journal directly or obtain it through computer retrieval.

Must: state the main purpose and scope of the research work done in this paper. Describe the methods used in the research work. Summarize the research results. The main conclusions of the research work are given.

The conclusion drawn from the research work of the paper is very important, so usually the author will give the conclusion in three places: the first time in the abstract, the second time in the introduction, and the third time in the discussion part. Because the abstract involves all the scientific research work that has been done, most or all of the contents in the abstract are written in the past tense.

There should be no information or conclusions in the abstract that are not in the text of the paper. References should not be cited in the abstract (except in special circumstances, such as the current paper improving the scientific research methods in published papers). Similarly, tables and pictures should not appear in the abstract.

The main functions of the abstract are:

(1) Let readers know the main contents of the paper as soon as possible to supplement the deficiency of the topic. Modern scientific and technological literature information is vast, whether readers will read the full text after searching the title of the paper is mainly judged by reading the abstract; Therefore, the abstract is responsible for attracting readers and introducing the main contents of the article to readers.

(2) It provides convenience for the construction and maintenance of scientific and technological information literature retrieval database. After the paper is published, abstract magazines or various databases can directly use the abstract without modification or slight modification, thus avoiding misunderstandings, deficiencies and even mistakes that may occur when others write the abstract.

With the rapid development of computer technology and Internet, online query, retrieval and download of professional data has become an important means of scientific and technological information retrieval. Various full-text databases and abstract databases on the Internet are increasingly showing the level and development trend of information exchange in modern society. At the same time, the index of abstracts is an important tool for readers to retrieve documents. Therefore, the quality of abstracts directly affects the retrieval rate and citation frequency of papers.