1. Willing to observe, good at observing, recording observation, analyzing observation, and pursuing to solve problems found in observation; Actively cultivate their observation ability. For example, people usually only pay attention to appreciate the beauty of the rainbow, but the real observation must have a certain purpose-to study the reasons for its color formation and what the color arrangement order of the rainbow and neon is related to, or to study why it forms a semi-circular arc, or to study the decisive factors of the rainbow radius, or to study the relationship between the rainbow and the atmospheric climate. It is also necessary to observe the main phenomena related to the purpose and record the observation results realistically; In the process of analysis, we should grasp the main factors, ignore the secondary factors, analyze phenomena with existing knowledge and laws, and find out the reasons or laws of observed phenomena; If we can't solve the observed phenomenon with the existing knowledge, we must summarize the new regular things and reasons through repeated experimental observation.

2. Attach importance to experiments, actively experiment, seriously experiment, respect experimental facts, and scientifically process experimental data; Actively cultivate their experimental ability, scientific thinking method and scientific spirit. For example, we will encounter the experiment of "verifying Newton's second law" in the physics study of senior one, which can let us learn how to check whether a physics law is correct and learn the basic methods of doing physics experiments. To do experiments, you should not only do them by hand, but also design, understand, scientifically record and process data with your brain, and learn to analyze and summarize experimental conclusions. Only by actively doing this experiment can we deepen our understanding of Newton's second law, and only by being serious can we get a result that conforms to the facts. Only by truly respecting the experimental facts and data can we find that there is an error in this experiment, understand and find out the reasons for the error, or find out the operational errors in the experiment. Only by learning scientific thinking methods can we design experiments intuitively and draw experimental conclusions through scientific data processing. Only through experiments can we master the use of related instruments and further understand their principles. The purpose of integrating theory with practice is achieved through experiments, and the scientific thoughts and spirit of scientists are experienced in scientific research experiments.

The biggest difference between high school physics and junior high school physics is that the research on physical quantities and physical laws is quantitative and abstract, the expression is rigorous and scientific, the experiment is precise, the problem-solving process is standardized in paper form, and the physical scene is dynamic. Physics is a quantitative science. Therefore, to learn high school physics well, we must also do the following:

1. Pay attention to understanding. Understanding means understanding the exact meaning of physical concepts and laws and the applicable conditions of physical laws, which can be expressed in appropriate forms (such as words, formulas, images or numerical tables). And can explain and explain phenomena and problems related to natural science. If you lose the ability to understand, you lose the foundation of other abilities. The following are some explanations of the understanding method.

-Ⅰ. How to understand the definition of physical concepts or physical quantities? The definition of general physical concepts can be divided into ratio definition, product definition and literary language definition. In general, the physical quantity describing the properties of matter adopts the ratio definition method. The difference between the physical quantity defined in this way and the ratio method is that it does not reflect the basic attributes, but reflects the decisive factors of these physical quantities; And they all have their own conditions of establishment and scope of application; Each physical quantity symbol has an exact meaning; When applied to solving practical problems, there are different solutions due to different situations. For example, W=FScosα can be understood as: work is proportional to the force acting on the object, to the displacement of the object, and to the cosine of the included angle between the force and the displacement; Or understood as: the magnitude of work is equal to the product of the force acting on the object and the displacement of the object in the direction of the force; This formula holds only if f is a constant force or an average force. When the force acting on an object is variable, take the average force or divide it into several stages and then calculate the algebraic sum; If the magnitude of the force is constant and the direction is always in a straight line with the speed direction, the work done by the force has nothing to do with displacement, but with distance; If the constant force acting on an object is a field force, then the work has nothing to do with the path, but depends on the distance from the starting point to the end point along the direction of the field force. There are several ways to find the resultant force-first find the resultant force and then the work, or find the work of each force and then the algebraic sum of all the work, or find the work of each stage and then the algebraic sum of all the work; Or first establish a rectangular coordinate system and then decompose the force, then find the work done by the resultant force in all directions, and finally find the algebraic sum of the work in all directions. Some physical concepts or physical quantities have broad meanings, certain properties, characteristics, conditions and relationships, which cannot be expressed by a mathematical expression, but must be summarized by literary language-literary language definition. Such as: force, motion, vibration, curvilinear motion, arm of force, universal gravitation, electrostatic induction, electrostatic balance, electromagnetic induction, photoelectric effect, interference, diffraction, fission, fusion, chain reaction, ... To understand the definitions of these concepts, we should grasp the key words that can reflect the nature, characteristics, conditions and relations of physical phenomena and distinguish easily confused concepts or wrong experience impressions. In this way, we can skillfully distinguish the correct statement from similar physical expressions. The same is true for the definitions of physical quantities such as period, frequency, half-life of radioactive elements and effective value of alternating current. To calculate its value concretely, it is necessary to analyze and solve it according to different physical conditions.

-Ⅱ. How to understand the laws of physics? Physics usually uses literary language, formulas, images or digital tables to describe physical laws. For example, the law of simple harmonic vibration can be expressed in literary language from the perspective of dynamics: "If a particle moves back and forth near the equilibrium position and is always acted by a restoring force pointing to the equilibrium position, and the magnitude of the restoring force is proportional to the displacement of the particle leaving the equilibrium position, then this vibration is simple harmonic vibration". Expressed in mathematical language: "f =-kx". It is represented by the image shown on the right (1). It is not enough to understand the laws of physics only from these three aspects, but also from the changing laws of each physical quantity and the imaginary map of the physical picture in the actual physical process. Such as displacement, restoring force, acceleration, velocity, kinetic energy, potential energy, mechanical energy, time, symmetry, V-T image, X-T image, amplitude, period, frequency, several common models and comparison with anharmonic vibration. We need to integrate theory with practice to understand. For example, which vibrations can be approximately regarded as simple harmonic vibrations? What are the practical applications of simple harmonic vibration? What's the value of studying simple harmonic motion? In addition, some laws of physics are often used to solve practical problems in many different ways. For example, Newton's second law can be decomposed and applied according to vector properties, and can also be applied to solving problems according to isolation method or integral method. The instantaneous analysis of Newton's second law can also be used to solve acceleration problems, overweight problems, connector problems, circular motion problems, celestial problems, vibration problems and impact problems in variable acceleration movements. Different physical laws have different applicable conditions, so we can't just remember the formula to express the law regardless of the conditions.

-Ⅲ. How to understand physical information? Reading materials, physics exercises, physics texts, popular science magazines and middle school students' books in physics textbooks are all things that middle school students should read to learn physics well. However, reading these physical information materials is different from reading other articles. If it is a history of physics or a biography of scientists, you must understand the background and hardships of scientific discovery, the scientific spirit, scientific ideas and scientific methods of scientists; Understand the achievements of scientific discovery and its social value; While understanding its essence, we internalize it into our own thoughts, world outlook and the motive force of pursuing truth. If it is an exercise in information or physical science, we should correctly imagine the physical scene and process according to the provided information, establish a correct physical model, analyze the relationship between the known information and the problem to be solved, or sort out the relationship between the physical quantities described in the information and express it in mathematical language; Reuse the existing rules and solve the problem in connection with the new sorted rules. It is forbidden to replace the cognitive thinking process with existing experience or established mode, so as not to produce wrong conclusions.

2. Learn to teach yourself. If you don't learn to teach yourself, you can't cultivate your thinking ability. If you don't learn to teach yourself, you can't form a deep understanding of the laws of physical concepts and realize the correct application of knowledge. The process of self-study should be: according to the requirements of the above understanding, clarify the concept, list the connotation and extension of the concept, and compare and distinguish it with the existing similar concepts; List the content description and applicable conditions of the learned physical laws; By trying to use the law to solve problems, we can understand the problems that should be paid attention to when applying the law; Write the principles of relevant demonstration experiments or application equipment; Use mathematical tools and logical reasoning to deduce or prove relevant inferences.

③ Learn to reason and express. Judging from the ability requirements of college entrance examination and social work, reasoning is the key to analyze and solve problems. In the process of learning physics, we should carry out problem-solving training in a jumble, and don't rush to cope with homework. In the process of solving problems, we should pursue strict imagination, reasoning and skilled logical thinking, strive to make correct judgments, and express the conclusions drawn by reasoning as accurately and concisely as possible. All unspeakable phenomena are manifestations that will not reach the highest level of reasoning.

(4) Learn to analyze, synthesize and evaluate. The so-called analytical synthesis is an attempt to analyze the physical problems encountered independently. Feel the physical state, process and situation in a given physical problem, and find out the main factors and related conditions; Be able to decompose a complex problem into several simple problems and find out the relationship between them; Be able to use all kinds of physical knowledge flexibly to solve given problems comprehensively. In our usual way, we are familiar with the question type and familiar with the question type. When you encounter a familiar problem, you should treat it as a strange problem and analyze it in detail to prevent the problem from being trapped; When you encounter a strange and complicated problem, you should break it down into several familiar problems to solve it, so as not to be at a loss and have no way to start. The so-called evaluation is to understand and internalize physical knowledge through physical learning, and bring it into the existing knowledge category and transform it into the values of judging things by yourself; At the same time, they can judge the value of their own learning achievements, distinguish similar knowledge by analogy, learn to judge others or their own problem-solving process, and evaluate the basis, ideas, methods and skills of different solutions to complex physical problems. As long as the above-mentioned advanced psychological process exists in our study, what we have learned can produce results.

⑤ Actively cultivate their ability to flexibly use mathematical tools to solve physical problems.

⑥ A small experiment, a research study topic or an exercise to do a good job in physics homework is a small scientific research topic. The process of solving a topic and its expression is equivalent to writing a small paper. It requires reliable basis, strict logic, clear reasoning, accurate and concise use of physical language and mathematical language, standardized writing process and clear conclusion. In normal study, if we can finish our homework strictly according to such requirements, the physical knowledge we have learned will be a complete, rigorous, flexible and skillful part of our thoughts, which has been included in our own knowledge and ability; Our ability will be greatly improved, and we will never find physics too difficult to learn again.

Physics contains extremely rich scientific ideas and methods. Physical thoughts include symmetry, analogy, conservation, quantum, relativity, system, statistical fluctuation, interactive transformation and so on. Physical methods include: model method, whole and isolation method, equivalent method, critical method, decomposition and synthesis method, hypothesis method, image method, limit method,. We must acquire physical ideas and methods through physical learning. This requires the following points: ①. Prepare carefully. Do a good job of preview notes and list the problems that can't be solved and your own thoughts and doubts; Try to teach yourself the ability to use knowledge. ② Listen carefully. Listening to class is the most critical link in learning physics, so we must pay attention to the key points emphasized by the teacher. This is often the focus of the college entrance examination, and it is also the place that can best reflect the physical thinking method. Study with preview questions. Memory is not as bad as writing, so you should take notes in class, especially the important special understanding points and important physical thinking methods. Think actively and participate in class activities, express your views, and learn to make oral statements fluently and concisely. ③ After class, we should actively refine the physical thoughts and methods related to study and practice and summarize them into our own things.