[Keywords:] E-government; E-government; Public participation; network technology
The present situation and countermeasures of "e-government"
I. Overview of "e-government" (1) What is "e-government"? "E-government" is simply to provide government services electronically, and its backbone is based on the Internet, similar to e-commerce. The World Bank believes that e-government can include three aspects: the interaction between government and citizens (G2C); Interaction between government and enterprises (G2B); Interaction between government departments (G2G). From a global perspective, it is the general trend to promote the office automation, networking and electronization of government departments and enjoy all-round information. The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs once took the promotion of government informatization in developing countries as the focus of 1999, hoping to improve government organization and reorganize public management through the application of information technology, and finally realize office automation and information resource sharing. Among the five application fields of the "information superhighway" actively advocated by all countries in the world, "e-government" ranks first, and the other four fields are e-commerce, distance education, telemedicine and electronic entertainment. It can be said that government informatization is the basis of social informatization. Some scholars in China believe that the so-called "e-government" refers to the government's effective use of modern information and communication technology to provide automated information and other services to government agencies, enterprises, social organizations and citizens through different information service facilities (such as telephones, networks, public computer stations, etc.). ) in a more convenient time, place and way, so as to build a responsive, efficient, responsible and high-quality government. The most important connotation and essence of e-government is to build a "virtual government", that is, an all-weather government service body that spans time, place and department. In my opinion, the most important connotation of "e-government" is to use information and communication technology (mainly the Internet) to break the organizational boundaries of administrative organs and build an electronic virtual organ, so that people can obtain government information and services from different channels, instead of the traditional operation mode of written examination at different levels; Government agencies and the government and all walks of life also communicate with each other through various electronic channels, providing people with different service options according to their needs, available forms, required time and place. (II) The history of e-government in China From a global perspective, the history of "e-government" is actually very short, but the development speed is very rapid. From 65438 to 0996, there were no fewer than 50 government websites in the world, and by 20001year, there were more than 50,000 government websites. As far as the development stage of e-government is concerned, it can be divided into four stages. The first stage is the initial stage, which is a common form in the early stage of e-government development. It shows that the government issues static information such as laws, regulations, policies and government agencies, and the government and users are not in contact with each other on the Internet. At this time, the government's online access does not seem to bring any benefits to citizens except providing electronic channels for obtaining information; The second stage is one-way interaction. The government provides some services. Users can download some government forms and make suggestions or inquiries to the government, but government departments do not have to communicate with users electronically. The third stage is a two-way interaction stage, in which the government and users interact online. For example, download the form online, write it and send it to relevant departments, enterprises and residents, and communicate with the government online. The fourth stage is the mature stage, which is the whole process of online transaction processing. The government and users complete all transactions online, commonly known as the "seamless government stage", and the government and users may cross administrative boundaries to complete integrated operations. On June 22nd 1999, the government of China announced the official launch of the "Government Online Project", and the main website (info.net) and guidance website () of the "Government Online Project" were also officially opened. At this point, the realization of "e-government" in China has gone from planning to full implementation, and governments at all levels in China have moved towards networking one after another. The total number of government domain names in gov.cn has increased sharply from 1998 145 published in early 2002 to 5,864. More than 80% municipal governments have set up service windows online, which indicates that the gameplay of e-government in China has begun to shift to the second stage, that is, one-way interaction between the government and users can be realized. For example, local governments issue government affairs notices through the Internet, provide service telephones for government functional departments, and provide various procedures and answers to questions; Carry out online "one-stop" service; Foreign trade departments apply for import and export qualifications, declare export tax rebates and approve foreign-funded enterprises through the Internet; The personnel department conducts online civil service examination and employment, and the labor and personnel policies are open. Second, there are some problems in China's e-government. Recently, I visited some domestic government websites and found that most of them have not been updated for 1 month, and even there is no news at the time of construction. Statistics show that 70% of domestic government websites only have "dead" columns such as department introduction and a small number of activities release, which can basically be said to be composed of simple pages focusing on publicity, and rarely involve government daily official activities. Among them, some departments and institutions have tried online office or public participation, such as online customs declaration and online discussion during the "two sessions". On the whole, however, the "e-government" in China lacks substantive content, which has little influence on the reform of the original organization and way of doing things. (a) the government's own problems 1. Infrastructure investment related to "e-government" is seriously insufficient. The collection and utilization of information resources is the premise of implementing e-government. At present, due to the insufficient integration of e-government information resources in China, the people, money and materials needed to establish a government information database are insufficient, which leads to the current situation of poor government information collection channels, low information utilization efficiency and complicated information management. At the same time, due to the lack of unified information standards (information standards mainly involve information coding, network communication protocols, operating systems, network structures, etc. ), many departments have their own small stoves-behind closed doors. The development of e-government urgently needs to speed up basic investment and standardize and unify standards. Otherwise, on the one hand, it will lead to a lot of waste of resources; On the other hand, it is impossible to truly realize the interconnection and sharing of resources. Without the "big network", the blooming of "small networks" will not be fundamentally changed. 2. The network foundation of e-government and the development of government information platform are seriously insufficient, which leads to the "openness" of information being "empty" of information. The inevitable result of the development of e-government is from independent division to integration, from "one-stop" to "one network and one table". Network hardware facilities and government information platform are the information carriers and resources of e-government. .....