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False labeling of project funds includes
False labeling of project funds includes fabricating research process, buying and selling papers, writing papers on behalf of others, forging research data, forging research data, and falsely labeling funds.

Brief introduction of fund projects:

Fund project refers to an investment tool initiated by a certain management institution or individual, established through fund raising, managed and operated by a fund manager to achieve a specific goal. Fund projects can include stock funds, bond funds, money funds and hybrid funds.

Investors in funds can be individuals, institutions, enterprises, etc. The purpose of fund projects is to reduce investment risks and obtain more stable investment income through large-scale investment and specialized operation. Managers of fund projects usually set certain management fees and performance rewards to ensure that the fund income has a certain correlation with the interests of managers and encourage managers to achieve better fund investment performance.

Fund projects are often raised in the form of public offering within a certain period of time. Investors need to buy fund shares to participate. Project fund refers to a special fund established by the foundation or jointly established by the foundation and the donor, which is open to the public and formed by many a mickle.

Fund profile:

Fund, in English, refers to a certain amount of funds set up for a certain purpose. It mainly includes provident fund, trust and investment fund, insurance fund, retirement fund and various foundation funds. From the accounting point of view, capital is a narrow concept, which refers to funds with specific purposes and uses. The fund we are talking about mainly refers to the securities investment fund.

Hedge Fund, which means "risk hedge fund", originated in the United States in the early 1950s. At that time, its operation purpose was to use financial derivatives such as futures and options to buy and sell related stocks, and the risk hedging operation skills could avoid and resolve investment risks to a certain extent.

1949 The first Jones hedge fund with limited cooperation in the world was born. Although hedge funds appeared in the 1950s, they did not attract much attention in the next 30 years. Until 1980s, with the development of financial liberalization, hedge funds had broader investment opportunities and entered the stage of rapid development.

In 1990s, the threat of global inflation gradually decreased, financial instruments became more mature and diversified, and hedge funds entered a stage of vigorous development. According to the British Economist, from 1990 to 2000, more than 3,000 new hedge funds appeared in the United States and Britain.

After 2002, the return rate of hedge funds declined, but the scale of hedge funds is still not small. According to the Financial Times 20 15 10.22, as of 20 12, the total assets of the global Hui Kai wealth hedge fund have reached 1. 1 trillion dollars.