? Children's cognitive development is a phased process. Piaget of Switzerland put forward four stages of cognitive development: perceptual movement stage, pre-operation stage, concrete operation stage and formal movement stage. Classify children's developmental characteristics according to age order. Pupils (6 years old and 7 years old to 1 1 year old 12 years old) belong to the specific operation stage. At this stage, children's basic characteristic is to realize the cognitive development of the logical stability of the physical world, and the changed or transformed elements still retain their original characteristics, and these changes are reversible. For example, they can use logical methods to solve specific problems, understand the law of conservation, classify and sort, think reversely, and understand the past, present and future.

? In Piaget's view, children's cognitive development has stages, and they can teach students in accordance with their aptitude at different stages. For example, for the primary school students in the specific operation stage, to improve the level of abstraction, we can recognize the outside world through analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization, and carry out the second level of abstraction. When learning concepts, unlike children in the pre-operation stage, they first abstract the key attributes of concepts from a large number of examples, but can directly relate the key attributes of concepts to their cognitive structures, thus obtaining meaning. But generally speaking, they rely on concrete practical experience, that is, examples of various key attributes, so it is necessary for students to master some examples reflecting key attributes in primary school, so as to master the concepts of basic science. Therefore, the subject teaching in primary schools should fully embody the principle of intuition, and teaching can well combine oral explanation, demonstration and guiding discovery experience to better improve students' understanding of abstract knowledge.

On the one hand, we can teach students in accordance with their aptitude through different stages of cognitive development, on the other hand, we can promote children's cognitive development through teaching and explore students' recent development fields.

According to Piaget's cognitive point of view, I got the following insights:

? 1. Students' physical and mental development is regular, and education should be carried out according to these laws and characteristics.

2. Teaching should guide and promote students' cognitive development.

3. Maintain students' autonomy and initiative in learning and let them actively participate in learning activities.

4. Teaching should be based on the characteristics of different children at different stages of development.

5. Education should pay attention to the cultivation of students' self-regulation ability.