I attach great importance to learning to express and communicate, which is also the most basic "foundation". Because no matter what we do in modern society, we must cooperate with people and organize things with them. This is to tell everyone what you think so that everyone can understand and do it together. Peking University summed up the experience of an excellent doctoral student. He was hired as a full researcher by the Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences more than a year after graduation, and was soon hired as a professor by foreign universities, which was very excellent. In learning, he is not only thirsty for knowledge, but also good at learning. An important aspect is that he is good at consulting and dealing with people and mobilizing many people to contribute to his task. This is very clever. Here, one must have a good attitude, be sincere and open-minded, and not be afraid of losing face; Second, we must have communication skills. Many China students are poor in this respect, and our intellectuals are not much better. It is difficult to organize interdisciplinary projects in schools. An important reason is that people from different disciplines and industries are unwilling to communicate, are not good at communication, have no "language" and look down on each other. When I say "language" here, I mean "jargon", such as "polarization" of light for studying physics and "polarization" for studying geology. Those who study physics will look down on those who study geology and say that they are "unclear in concept". For scholars, this is the biggest "hat", which is actually a language barrier. Different majors have different ways of thinking, learning and looking at problems, which can also be said to be cultural differences. To do a good job of interdisciplinary cooperation, we must learn "cross-cultural communication", which is conducive to breaking people's mindset and promoting innovation.
2 1 century is the century of internationalization. If you want to go abroad and have international exchanges, you can't do without foreign language ability. Now everyone attaches great importance to foreign languages. In my opinion, learning a foreign language is still an important means to acquire innovative thinking. Language is the carrier of thought. Knowing only one language, you can only think in one way. Thinking in different languages has different activity areas in the brain. There is an old academician from Peking University. Before his death, he was mentally ill and could not speak Chinese, but he could still express himself in English. It can be seen that Chinese and English are operated in two different areas of the brain. This may be the reason why children who use bilingual teaching are smarter. Some time ago, I heard that American students don't want to learn foreign languages, and some schools don't attach importance to foreign languages, thinking that they can travel all over the world in English. I think Americans will probably decline, because they will lose the advantage of absorbing various civilizations. However, Americans are still very smart. Recently, the American Association of Higher Education has put forward requirements for American college students, emphasizing the need to master English and a second language, and to learn multicultural communication and understanding of foreign cultures. It seems that America attaches great importance to this advantage.
I also regard mathematics and computer tools as important means of expression and communication. Mathematics is not only a science dealing with quantitative relations, but also an important means to make any discipline and thinking accurate. Marx said: "A science can only be truly perfect if it successfully applies mathematics". 2 1 century mathematics will permeate all disciplines. Computer is an essential tool in the information age, which is not the same as illiteracy.
These are the basic foundations of innovation. Without these foundations, there will be no innovation.
Secondly, we should learn innovative thinking methods. Thinking method is the main aspect of analyzing and solving problems. Now there are many books on creationism and innovation, all of which are discussing innovative thinking. There are also many physiological and psychological studies to explore the development of brain function. All these are helpful to cultivate students' innovative thinking. It is also useful to provide some such courses to educate students to think. But I have always felt that the most important thing to cultivate correct thinking is to rely on thinking practice. Knowing the terms of logical thinking, image thinking, divergent thinking, divergent thinking, etc., makes students have some scientific thinking consciousness, and it is of course good to consciously use this thinking mode to think. It is essential to inspire students to think scientifically from how scientists from various disciplines successfully explore scientific laws in specific cases, and to train students to think correctly by solving practical problems in various disciplines. In this sense, learning to think correctly is also a main content of "learning".
Third, learn to choose. Choosing the right critical moment on the road of life is very important for a person's career achievement. If Madame Curie had engaged in theoretical research and Yang Zhenning had engaged in experiments, they might not have made such great achievements later. Doing scientific research and choosing the right topic is half the battle. Choosing is not easy, at least "know yourself and know yourself". "bosom friend" means having a clear understanding of your interests, hobbies, strengths, strengths and weaknesses; "Know the other" means to have a clear understanding of the selected object and a general understanding of the development trend of society and the country. If you choose properly, you can develop your own personality and give full play to your special advantages, which is an important condition for innovation. To this end, schools should provide students with freedom and conditions for a wide range of choices. The "credit system" is to create a variety of opportunities for students to choose many times, so that they can fully develop their personality and give play to their intelligence. "Many times" is because there is a process of "learning to choose" and mistakes are allowed. Mistakes in school can be remedied, but in society, repeated mistakes can't be remedied. School is the chosen internship place. Schools should also provide tutors to give guidance and help. Helping students choose is an important part of personalized learning, which has great influence on students' long-term development.
Fourth, we should cultivate the ability to ask questions. The training goal of higher education in China has always been to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems, not the ability to ask questions. I once sarcastically said that this is "servant education" rather than "master education". The master asks questions and the servant solves them. Scientific innovation must first be able to find problems and dare to ask questions. It is not easy to ask questions: first, it is necessary to get to the point. Once this problem is solved, a large number of problems will be solved, thus promoting the great progress of science; Second, it should be put forward in a proper and timely manner. The necessary conditions are ready, and it is time to solve them. Qu Yuan put forward more than 100 natural and social problems in Tian Wen, but they could not be solved at all, so this is not a science, but a romantic imagination of the poet. Therefore, schools should create an environment in which students dare and be good at asking questions. At the peak of our energy, our generation is in an environment of "bravely accepting tasks and working hard to complete them", but we never put forward tasks ourselves. For a scientist, this is fatal. I personally feel this kind of defect. In the face of contemporary China youth, we should take the initiative and not just listen to other people's arrangements.