1. Developed the theory of solving basic contradictions in socialist society, and put forward that reform is the driving force of socialist development.

How can countries with backward economy and culture carry out socialist modernization, solve basic social contradictions and promote the development of productive forces? This is a new topic in the history of Marxist development. From 65438 to 0956, after China entered the socialist period, the first generation of central leading collective of China * * * production party with Mao Zedong as the core made many major breakthroughs and developments in the process of exploring the road of socialist construction in China. Comrade Mao Zedong put forward a series of important theoretical viewpoints, such as the theory of basic contradictions in socialist society, the theory of two kinds of contradictions, the theory of principal contradictions in China, the thought of system reform and the road to industrialization in China. He clearly pointed out for the first time in the history of Marxist development that in socialist society, the basic contradiction is still the contradiction between production relations and productivity, and the contradiction between superstructure and economic base. The socialist relations of production that are compatible with the development of productive forces have been established; But it is still far from perfect, and these imperfections are contradictory to the development of productive forces.

Comrade Deng Xiaoping creatively applied the basic principles of Marxism, deeply and concretely analyzed the basic contradictions of socialist society, profoundly summed up the experience and lessons of socialist construction at home and abroad, and clearly put forward that the fundamental task of socialism is to develop productive forces, which requires comprehensive reform. He pointed out that this kind of reform is different from the past political revolution, not changing the nature of the socialist system, but the self-improvement and development of the socialist system. Because the socialist system is a brand-new system in human history, its basic aspects will not become the shackles that bind the development of productive forces. However, the system is not equal to its concrete realization form. The excessively single ownership structure and highly centralized planned economy system formed for a long time have played an important and positive role in restoring and developing the national economy, but with the change of conditions, they are increasingly unsuitable for the requirements of modernization and seriously hinder the development of productive forces. Comrade Deng Xiaoping grasped the contradiction between the development of socialist social productive forces and the current economic system and political system, scientifically expounded the concrete manifestations of the contradiction between productive forces and production relations, economic base and superstructure in the primary stage of socialism, thus grasping the key to solving the basic contradictions in socialist society, deepening the understanding of the basic contradictions in socialist society, fundamentally demonstrating the necessity of socialist reform and pointing out the objects and tasks of reform.

Secondly, it expounds the transformation of the main contradictions in socialist society, which lays a theoretical foundation for realizing the shift of work focus.

In the final analysis, the development of human society is determined by the development of economic and social productive forces. This is a basic viewpoint of Marxism. Comrade Mao Zedong inherited and carried forward this thought, and pointed out in 1956 that the purpose of socialist revolution is to liberate productive forces.

When China entered a new period of socialist construction, Comrade Deng Xiaoping asserted: "The main contradiction in the current period, that is, the main problem or central task that the whole party and the people of the whole country must solve in the current period, is socialist modernization. In other words, the development level of our productive forces is very low, which is far from meeting the needs of the people and the country. This is the main contradiction in our current period, and solving this main contradiction is our central task. " (Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, p. 168) Thus, the theoretical basis for stopping the implementation of the wrong policy with class struggle as the key link was obtained. Taking the liberation and development of productive forces as the fundamental task of socialism, especially the "most fundamental task" in the primary stage of socialism, is a major issue repeatedly pointed out by Comrade Deng Xiaoping. Accordingly, we have firmly realized the historic transformation of the work center of the whole party and the people's focus from "taking class struggle as the key link" to "taking economic construction as the center"

Comrade Deng Xiaoping has repeatedly stressed that the fundamental task of socialism is to liberate and develop productive forces, which is based on the principle that Marxism pays the most attention to developing productive forces, and it is also based on the main social contradictions at the present stage in China and the experience and lessons of socialist construction since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Based on the reality of China's socialist modernization, Comrade Deng Xiaoping dialectically contacted and distinguished the basic contradictions in socialist society and the main contradictions at the present stage. He believes that among the basic social contradictions, the most fundamental one is the contradiction between productive forces and production relations. Among these two contradictions of different nature, the main one is the contradiction among the people. To solve these contradictions, we must mobilize and give play to the enthusiasm of the people. To mobilize and give play to people's enthusiasm, the most central link is to liberate and develop productive forces and improve people's living standards. The low level of productivity development in China is far from meeting the needs of the people and the country, which affects the exertion of socialist superiority and the solution of basic contradictions. This is the main contradiction in the primary development stage of socialism. To solve the principal contradiction, we must first liberate and develop the productive forces. We are carrying out socialist modernization in a poor and backward eastern country, and it is more direct and decisive to liberate and develop productive forces. To develop the productive forces, we must first liberate the productive forces from the obstacles and shackles of imperfect and defective aspects and links in the production relations and superstructure, and promote the development of the whole social productive forces with the liberation of productive forces. Emancipating and developing productive forces is the fundamental starting point of building a Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Whether to adhere to this basic starting point is the fundamental criterion for judging whether to really engage in socialism. In view of the painful lesson that China has not always focused on economic construction and vigorously developed productive forces in the process of socialist construction, Comrade Deng Xiaoping repeatedly stressed that after establishing economic construction as the center, we should firmly grasp the fundamental task of liberating and developing productive forces in practical work, unless a large-scale war breaks out, we should be consistent and consistent. Everything revolves around this matter without any interference.

Third, the theory of correctly handling contradictions among the people has been developed, and the necessity of reforming the political system and building democratic politics has been put forward.

After China's socialist transformation was basically completed, our party, with Comrade Mao Zedong as the main representative, creatively and systematically expounded the theory of contradictions among the people in socialist society. It enriches Marxist philosophy and scientific socialist theory with brand-new ideological content, which is of great theoretical and practical significance to guiding China's socialist construction.

Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that contradictions among the people are based on the fundamental unity of people's interests and are non-confrontational among working people. For a long time, the systematic reform of the political system was out of Comrade Mao Zedong's vision. Therefore, in the face of the bureaucracy that is common in the political life of the party and the country, despite repeated struggles, it always has little effect. He was confused and regressed to look at bureaucracy and its contradictions and conflicts with the people from the perspective of class struggle, and his view on the nature of contradictions changed from non-confrontational to confrontational.

Comrade Deng Xiaoping summed up the historical experience and lessons, and thought that the shortcomings of the system could only be solved by reform. Under socialist conditions, the ultimate solution to the bureaucratic problem lies not in the mass class struggle or the so-called "great democracy", but in the reform of the leadership system of the party and the state and the continuous improvement and perfection of the socialist legal system. 1In August, 980, he pointed out in the article "The Reform of the Leadership System of the Party and the State" that the old China left us many traditions of feudal autocracy and few traditions of democracy and legal system. After liberation, we did not consciously and systematically establish various systems to protect people's democratic rights, and the legal system was very incomplete and neglected. China's political system evolved from the Soviet model, which was highly centralized and not very successful. Therefore, at the same time of economic system reform, political system reform must be carried out, and the two should be interdependent and cooperate with each other. The reform of political system is to change the highly centralized management system, democratize political life, and ensure that all people really enjoy the power to manage the country through various effective forms; What is more important is to ensure democracy in political life from the system, make democracy institutionalized and legalized, so that this system and law will not be led by the nose.

People are changing and changing, not because the views and concerns of leaders have changed. Shi Lamu, a famous American expert on Mao Zedong, pointed out: Mao seldom considered any form of institutionalized democratic procedure in his later years, while Deng Xiaoping aimed at ensuring the democratization of political life and even the whole social life from the system. I think this evaluation is more pertinent.