I. Training objectives
Problems that should be paid attention to in writing material composition.
Second, writing guidance
(1) Material composition
Also called topic composition or post-topic composition. The composition only provides materials, not topics. Candidates are required to read the materials, make their own ideas, choose their own styles and write their own topics according to their own feelings and understanding of the materials. An essay that requires a comprehensive understanding of the material, but you can choose a side and an angle.
(B) write a good composition materials should pay attention to two aspects
1. Pay attention to the idea of examination: the theme is the theme of the article and the soul of the article. Whether the thinking of examining questions is correct or not directly affects the quality of your composition, so the thinking of examining questions is the first and should not be underestimated. So how to examine the questions and do a good job, we must pay attention to the following aspects:
(1) Have a thorough understanding of the content of the material, have a preliminary understanding of the meaning, have a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the material, and read it word by word, so as to be confident. For example:
A poet must be both inside and outside the universe. Enter it so that you can write; Beyond, you can change. You will get angry inside and get high outside.
The above is a passage from Wang Guowei's "thorns on earth", which discusses the poet's attitude and method of observing and expressing the life of the universe. In fact, the ideas contained in this passage are enlightening to us in writing, doing things, being a man, enjoying nature and understanding society. Please write an article of no less than 800 words according to your understanding of this text, with your own ideas, style and title.
From the material itself, it involves both internal and external aspects, and talks about the dialectical relationship between internal and external. Materials tell us that only by going deep into things can we grasp the essence and true colors of things; At the same time, only by skipping the specific details of things can we fully understand things and not be confused by the local.
On the surface, the material is writing an article, but when writing a composition, candidates must make similar associations and analogy associations. For example, by linking internal and external relations with people, things and things in real life, such as the relationship between individuals and collectives, the relationship between reality and ideals, and the relationship between parts and the whole, we can find their concreteness from life. If you don't care about the inside (outside), the article will be greatly discounted. The second step is to abstract concrete things again. In the process of abstraction, candidates should recognize and evaluate things and sublimate the theme of the full text. No matter what style candidates write, they must dig to a certain depth in order to get satisfactory scores.
(2) Be good at grasping keywords and grasping keywords. The key word is often "Yan Wen", which contains the main idea of the material, so it can be used as a breakthrough to grasp the main idea of the material. Grasping these words often gets twice the result with half the effort. For example:
The president of a university once said such a thought-provoking sentence: "College students go to society, just like hunters go into the forest. We should not only let them bring dry food, but also teach them how to use shotguns. "
Here we must grasp the two key words "dry food" and "shotgun" and make clear the relationship between them. As we all know, no matter how much dry food a hunter brings into the forest, he will finish it. Only with a shotgun can he ensure that he will not starve to death. From this perspective, "shotgun" is much more important than "dry food". For college students, mastering learning methods is more important than mastering knowledge. Besides, it is more important to focus on the long-term than the present.
(3) Defining the best idea is to define the center. After thinking about the angle, choose the best, most convincing and most consistent angle. For example:
The French sculptor Rodin said, "Beauty is everywhere. It is not the lack of beauty for our eyes, but the lack of discovery. "
Russian literary critic belinsky said: "There are many beautiful things in the reality of life, or all beautiful things can only be contained in the reality of life."
Examining questions from Rodin's point of view 1: Good at discovering beauty.
② From belinsky's point of view, beauty is contained in living reality.
(3) integrating the views of two famous artists, the general idea is that beauty lies in reality and should be good at discovering.
Comparing the three viewpoints, concepts ① and ② are not comprehensive enough, only concept ③ is comprehensive and reasonable.
(4) Dialectical relationship method-everything is interrelated, and different angles will have different answers. The relations between things mainly include dependence (such as learning and taking), primary and secondary relations (such as giving and taking), trade-off relations (such as inferiority and self-improvement) and conditional relations (such as inheritance and innovation). Dialectical analysis of these relationships and angles is conducive to the conception of composition. For example:
Read the following text and write an article of not less than 800 words as required.
A philosophy professor came to the zoo to teach philosophy to animals. The philosophy professor talked about many empty theories, and then said, "Everything should start from the foundation, just like any building should start from the bottom." A frog was impatient and asked the professor, "Excuse me, professor, do all buildings really have to start from the ground floor?" The philosophy professor glanced at the frog and said, "Of course! Frog in the well! " The frog retorted, "It's because it's a frog at the bottom of a well that I ask you-do you dig a well from the bottom of the well?" The philosophy professor was speechless. Animals have said, "Yes, even frogs in the well have their own unique opinions, let alone not?" ? ! "
You need to have a comprehensive understanding of the material, but you can choose a side and an angle to conceive the composition. Independently determine the concept, style and title; Don't deviate from the meaning of the material, don't copy it, and don't copy it.
From the overall material, it embodies the objective and comprehensive dichotomy philosophy, and can extract the topics of "how to look at things" and "to see the strengths of others"; The philosophy of theory and practice, objectivity and subjectivity is embodied in the professor's words and deeds, and the topics of "words and deeds" and "theory should be combined with practice" can be refined; From the frog's words and deeds, it embodies relative and absolute, * * * and special philosophy, which can extract the topic of "dare to challenge"; From the comments of other animals, we can extract topics such as "everyone has his own strengths".
2. Deduct the materials and clarify the theme of the article. Theme is the soul of the article and the main link to the materials, so the theme in the composition must be distinct and prominent, which is a necessary condition for writing an excellent composition. In an argumentative essay, the theme should be directly related to the given material and reflected in all parts of the composition (beginning, middle and end), so the design of "pointing the topic" is particularly important when conceiving. Some students completely abandon the material in their writing, and their opinions are neither derived from the material nor analyzed in the process of argumentation. Therefore, we must remember that we must not lose materials in the composition of materials, especially when refining ideas, we must find out the internal relationship between materials and ideas.
Examination questions Comic material composition: A child fell inexplicably, and then the family, society and school all said, "Something happened!" Then ask you to write an article of not less than 800 words, with your own topics and ideas. (2007 National College Entrance Examination Composition Volume 1)
Example of perfect score:
Not afraid of wrestling
I once read a cartoon: a child fell down inexplicably, and then the family, society and school all said, "something happened!" " "This sentence tells us that children certainly didn't listen to them and chose another road, so they fell, and this is the result.
Although "wrestling", the spirit of children who dare to try boldly is still worth learning. If you are afraid of "wrestling" and stick to the rules, how can social civilization progress? How does the long river of history move forward? So don't be afraid of "wrestling" when doing anything.
……
Analysis: The first paragraph of this paper gives a general description of the materials, and the second paragraph puts forward an argument based on the materials: Don't be afraid of wrestling in doing anything, cut to the chase, be concise, buckle the materials and have a clear point of view.
Examination questions
Read the following text and write as required.
"You can't see the rain and wet clothes, but you can't hear the idle flowers" is a famous sentence in Tang poetry. Some people say that this is the beautiful character of singing spring; Some people say that this refers to a bleak realm of life; Some people say that this is a lonely situation of sighing "drizzle" and "idle flowers"; Some people say that "invisible" and "inaudible" do not mean doing nothing; Others say that the taste here is no longer suitable for today's world ... please write an article based on your own experience in reading these two poems.
Requirements: Do your own questions and make your own angles. Style is not limited, except poetry. The full text is not less than 800 words.
Example of perfect score:
Rain and flowers are lonely, so are literati heroes.
Loneliness is a broken red line. You hold on to it and wait silently for the matchmaker at the other end, even if that person is long gone.
"Rain and wet clothes are invisible, and idle flowers fall to the ground to listen to silence." Every time I read this sentence, I can't help sighing the loneliness of the drizzle. When the misty rain falls on the shirt bit by bit, who says this feeling is not torrential? Why else did you soak the whole dress? When soft flowers are dancing, spinning and falling on the bluestone road, who says this feeling is not heroic? Otherwise, why is it all over the path? However, they are "invisible" and "silent".
Analysis: The perfect score of the title of this composition is "flowers in the rain" in the material, and then I express my opinion that "flowers in the rain are lonely, and a literati hero should be like this". The first paragraph is labeled with the theme "loneliness" derived from materials, and the second paragraph is labeled with materials and themes in beautiful language, so that the themes and materials are closely linked.
Third, a detailed analysis of American literature.
Examination questions
Read the following text and write an article of not less than 800 words as required.
Cong Fei, a famous singer, saved money and donated 3 million yuan to support 178 poor students. When he was critically ill in hospital and in financial difficulties, none of the young people who were helped to finish their studies and work in the local area visited him. After this incident was disclosed by the media, one of the recipients complained that it made him lose face. Cong Fei said, don't blame them, I don't need treatment anymore.
Xiao Li, a student of Huanong University, and his classmates donated the money from selling waste products to a Hope Primary School. Soon, Xiao Li was diagnosed with leukemia. Teachers and students of this Hope Primary School donated money to Xiao Li, and a fourth-grade girl donated 10 yuan. Asked why she donated all the lucky money for the New Year, she said, "Just do as Sister Xiao Li said." Asked what it was, she said, "Remember others' help and learn to help others. "
Requirements: choose an angle to conceive the composition, independently determine the concept, style and title; Don't deviate from the content and meaning of the material, don't copy it, and don't copy it.
Sample text
Help-blooming flowers
Cong Fei didn't get paid for helping others, which can only be a special case. Didn't Xiao Li, a college student in Huanong, get more help from others? The fourth-grade pupils are willing to donate their savings, which shows that the seeds of love have been deeply planted in the hearts of the recipients, and they have taken root, sprouted and blossomed with hope. Help-A blooming flower has its own fragrance and fruit.
Help is a blooming flower that can ignite the hope of life.
Gorky, a great writer in the former Soviet Union, once told a story: In the dense jungle, there was boundless darkness, and a group of people trudged with difficult steps. They have been walking for many days, their clothes are worn out, and they are hungry. There is no hope to get out of this dark forest. Many people fell to the ground in despair. Just then, Danko, who came out from the front, took out his red heart, and his red enthusiastic heart lit up the whole forest. When people saw the light of hope, they immediately exulted, forgot fatigue and hunger, followed the hero closely and walked out of the forest with the light of hope of life. ...
Help is a blooming flower, blooming with the fragrance of youth.
On the campus of Huaihua University in Hunan Province, every morning, a boy in his twenties will ride a bicycle to send a girl in her sixties to Shimen Primary School, and then take her back to their residence-the stairwell downstairs in the boys' dormitory at night. This boy is Hong Zhanhui who was admitted to the Department of Economics and Management of Huaihua University from Xihua County in 2003. The little girl is an abandoned baby who is not related to Hong Zhanhui by blood, but was taken in by her father with intermittent mental illness. She was brought up by him because her mother ran away from home. When Hong Zhanhui was in high school, she always took it with her like her sister, taking care of herself while studying. She makes a living by doing small business and odd jobs. It's been 12 years now. Hong Zhanhui took good care of and helped such a younger sister. His deeds of helping others not only made his youth shine, but also touched hundreds of millions of people in China.
Help is a blooming flower, and she has made brilliant achievements in her career.
Xu Benyu, 1999 majoring in economics, School of Economics and Business Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, graduated with a bachelor's degree in 2003 and obtained a master's degree in agricultural economic management from Huazhong Agricultural University with high marks. However, he gave up graduate school and resolutely went to Dashi Primary School in Dashui Town, Dafang County, Guizhou Province to volunteer as a teacher. During his teaching, he always saves half of his meager living allowance every month to help local children go to school. After his touching story was reported by the media, all walks of life lent a helping hand and quickly improved the local education conditions. Primary schools moved out of caves and into new school buildings, and the number of students in school increased from less than 100 to more than 250. His righteous act has opened up a new road for local education, brought a good start for young people to help the poor and send them to education, and also painted a brilliant stroke for their own lives.
Help is a blooming flower, flourishing, fragrant and pleasant, pregnant with the hope of autumn, embellishing the beauty of life and creating the glory of the cause.
Analysis:
1. Question review: There are two small positive and negative examples in the material, both of which are about help: one is to get help from others, but complain for fear of "losing face", and the other is to remember others' help and learn to help others. If you only understand this, you will only taste it. We don't understand the material thoroughly. It doesn't seem to be off topic, but the writing doesn't stick to the theme. To treat the topic dialectically, we must grasp two aspects. When we look at these two materials together, the guidance is obvious: help is mutual. Only when everyone gives a little love can the world be a beautiful spring. This paper will firmly grasp this proposition, choose the best angle, and strive to construct the article dialectically, with more accurate examination, deeper conception and better angle.
2. The title of this paper is "Help Flowers Bloom", which is vivid. At the beginning, two materials are summarized, which leads to the viewpoint. "Help-Flowers Bloom" makes the marking teacher clear at a glance. Write people and things in real life with new materials.
In a word, the writing of material composition needs some writing theories as guidance, but the method of examining questions is not immutable. In the process of writing, we should not use one method to examine, conceive and put forward questions in isolation, but should use several methods comprehensively. In addition, we should pay attention to constant practice and develop good writing habits, so that we can write easily when facing the material composition.
Thank you for your adoption!