Wang Anshi's Reform in Northern Song Dynasty Song Shenzong Xining Wang Anshi's Reform. In the first month of the fourth year of Zhiping (A.D. 1067), Song Shenzong acceded to the throne and was determined to innovate. In April of the first year of Xining (A.D. 1068), Wang Anshi was called to Beijing to carry out reforms and establish a system to enrich Qiang Bing and change the current situation of poverty and weakness. During the political reform, Wang Anshi established a new organization to guide the political reform-the third department of laws and regulations. After the abolition of the planning department, Sinong Temple presided over most of the affairs of the political reform. Lv Huiqing, Ceng Bu and other countries participated in the drafting of the new law. The contents of the new law are as follows: ★ The policies to restrict businessmen from supplying national needs and restricting businessmen mainly include equal loss law, market exchange law and exemption law. ★ In July of the second year of Fa Xining, the lose-lose law of Huai, Zhe, Jiang and Hu was promulgated. By sea, we can grasp the financial situation of the Sixth Road, consider the annual supply situation and the materials needed by the capital, and then "change convenience into easy purchase" according to the principle of "moving expensive is cheap, and using near is easy to go far" and store it for later use, so as to save the price and the labor cost of transshipment. Equal-loss method captures some interests of wealthy businessmen, and at the same time slightly reduces many extra burdens of taxpayers. ★ In March of the fifth year of Xining, the Municipal Easy Law was promulgated. Establish urban services in Kaifeng. According to the market situation, the municipal easy service determines the price, purchases unsalable goods and sells them when the market needs it. Vendors can borrow money or buy goods on credit from the municipal simple service office. Later, Kaifeng e-commerce, as the general organization of e-commerce, was promoted to the capital of e-commerce. The market change law has played a role in limiting the monopoly of the market by big businessmen, and also increased the financial income of the court. ★ Exemption Law In July of the sixth year of Xining, the exemption law was officially promulgated. According to the exemption law, shops in all walks of life pay the exemption amount to e-commerce every month according to their profits, and no longer supply physical objects or manpower to the government in turn. ★ Policies to develop agricultural production, policies to adjust the relationship between feudal countries, landlords and farmers, and measures to develop agricultural production, including young crops law, service levy law, farmland tax law, farmland water conservancy law, etc. ★ Young crop law In September of the second year of Xining, the young crop law was promulgated. It is stipulated that every road will always be flat. ? The money accumulated by Guanghui Warehouse is the foundation, and its grain reserves are expensive when the grain price is high, that is, they are sold at a price lower than the market price, and purchased at a price higher than the market price when the price is low. The accumulated cash is divided into two periods every year, that is, the first month and May, when sowing is needed and summer and autumn are immature, and farmers borrow money and goods from the government on a voluntary basis. After harvest, summer and autumn taxes are added, and the interest rate is increased by 2/ 10 or 3/ 10 to return the grain or cash. The Young Crop Law keeps farmers from being exploited by the usurers of the "merger house" at inappropriate times, so that farmers can "keep pace with the times". ★ The fundraising method was promulgated and implemented for four years. The conscription law (exemption law) stipulates that state and county governments should pay for military service. States and counties expect that the annual employment expenses will be shared by families according to their level. The law of supporting service makes rural residents who used to serve in turn return to their hometowns to farm, and farmers who used to enjoy the privilege of exemption from service have to pay service money, which increases the government's income. ★ Tian Fang unified tax law was promulgated in Xining for five years. Tian Fang's tax equalization law stipulates that every September, county officials should measure the land and test the fertility of the land, which is divided into five grades and the tax amount is stipulated. After the measurement is completed, the land hukou post will be issued in March of the following year as a "land sign". The division of property, the sale and division of land are all based on the field now measured, registered by the government and issued with title deeds. Restrict bureaucratic landlords from annexing land and concealing land property and population. ★ Xining promulgated the farmland water conservancy law in the second year. The treaty encourages all localities to reclaim wasteland, build water conservancy and build dikes, and the beneficiary households will invest in the project according to their grades. Under Wang Anshi's advocacy, an upsurge of "four parties vying for farmland water conservancy" was formed for a while. While harnessing the Yellow River, Zhanghe River and other rivers in the north, a large number of "silt fields" have been deposited along several rivers and canals, turning barren land into fertile fields. In order to stabilize the feudal order, consolidate the feudal ruling order, rectify and strengthen the army, the military law, the armor law, the horse protection law and the establishment of military equipment supervision were formulated. ★ Taking the art of war as the "Qiang Bing" measure, Wang Anshi streamlined the army, eliminated the old and weak, merged the barracks, and promoted the art of war on the one hand. From the seventh year of Xining, military attaché s with higher martial arts and more combat experience were selected for special training in the north. The implementation of Sun Tzu's art of war will enable soldiers to know their generals and practice their soldiers, thus improving the combat effectiveness of the army. ★ Garbo Facsimile was promulgated in three years. Rural households everywhere, regardless of the main household or the customer, have one guarantee for every ten (later changed to five), five guarantees and one guarantee, and ten guarantees and one guarantee. Where there are more than two people at home, one person will protect Ding. During the slack season, gather for military training in Baoding; Patrol in turn at night to maintain law and order. Garbo law can not only enable the able-bodied men all over the country to receive military training and join the regular army, thus saving a lot of national military expenditure, but also establish a strict security network according to Garbo to organize people all over the country, thus stabilizing the feudal order. Reform the education system Wang Anshi and other reformers also reformed the imperial examination system, reorganized schools at all levels, and trained needed talents for the society. As a result, Wang Anshi's reform aimed at "enriching Qiang Bing" lasted nearly 15 years from the implementation of the new law to the abolition of the old one. During this period, after the implementation of each new law, it basically achieved the expected results, limiting the activities of powerful mergers and usury, reducing some privileges of middle and upper-class officials and the royal family, reducing some tariffs and tax burdens of rural landlords and farmers, and feudal countries also strengthened their rule over direct producers and increased their fiscal revenue. The new law more or less violated the interests of middle and upper-level officials, royalty, tycoons and usurers, and was eventually abolished.