The loopholes in the argument of preface to the five dynasties' spiritual officials: evaluating historical figures with the ethics of discipline. Therefore, the logic of the argument is not rigorous, which is not the focus of his attention, because there is no need to be rigorous.

Argument in Preface to the Biography of Lingguan in the Five Dynasties History: The theory of ups and downs, though named by destiny, is inhuman!

Arguments in the Preface to the Biography of Lingguan in the Five Dynasties: Rational arguments and factual arguments are important arguments to clarify the central argument of this article. In the rational argument, the concrete conclusions such as "Worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, leisure can perish" and "Misfortune often accumulates in ignorance, wisdom and courage are trapped in drowning" are incisive and thought-provoking. These expositions still inspire us: only by hard work can the country be rich and happy, and if it does not prepare for danger in times of peace, it will perish and destroy the country; Disasters often accumulate gradually from trivial matters, while wisdom and courage are mostly lost in people or things addicted to love. In the aspect of factual argumentation, this paper makes a comparative demonstration through the historical facts of Tang Zhuang school, such as Li's prosperity before decline and his success before defeat. The factual arguments are true and irrefutable, and the examples are typical and convincing.

Argument in the Preface to the Biography of Lingguan in the Five Dynasties: The first paragraph comes straight to the point, and cites examples of the late Tang Dynasty and the lost world as the basis for argument. If you get it, you will accept your father's order to avenge yourself. It is embarrassing to lose it, and the actor dies when he dies. In a strong contrast between gains and losses, we can draw the conclusion that "worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, and idle death can die", and infer that disasters often add up, and wisdom and courage are often trapped in drowning.

All of the above are the answers to the loopholes in the argumentation of the Five Dynasties' Shi Lingguan Biography.